RU2372790C1 - Method of obtaining fodder based on protein hydrolysate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to obtaining fodder based on protein hydrolysate from vegetable and animal raw material. Method includes mixing in fermenter of crushed fish products or wastes of their processing or ground oil-cake with water yeast substrate or alcohol malt residues in ratio 1:1-1:10, addition of seaweeds and heating to temperature 35-60°C with continuous mixing. Into obtained mass enzymes are added in amount 0.4 g per 1 kg of crushed fish products or wastes of their processing or ground oil-cake and water yeast substrate or alcohol malt residue. Fermentation is carried out during 30-40 minutes with continuous mixing at temperature 35-60°C until hydrolysate is obtained. Bentonite clay is added in amount 0.5 kg per 1 kg of final hydrolysate, after which it is mixed with preliminarily prepared crushed husks, treated with gumivite in amount 50 g per 1 kg of husks, stood for 2-3 hours and further treated with Leonov's ferment during 5-10 hours, in amount 1 kg of husks per 1 kg of final hydrolysate.

EFFECT: method realisation allows to obtain fodder based on protein hydrolysate, balanced in chemical composition and nutrients, with high digestibility, increasing final fodder product quality and profitability of agricultural enterprises in production of final agricultural product unit.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of feed based on protein hydrolyzate from plant and animal raw materials and can be used in the field of medicine, microbiology, food industry, the production of veterinary drugs and animal feed, biotechnology, etc.

One of the most important conditions for livestock farming is the full feeding of animals with vital nutrient and biologically active substances in certain quantities and proportions. Deficiency of complete fodder protein in the diets of farm animals continues to restrain the development of Russian livestock. An analysis of the diets of feeding farm animals indicates the presence of a protein deficiency in them, as a result of which the productivity of animals decreases, and the protective mechanisms of the body that resist diseases are reduced. Currently, in many farms there is an acute shortage of fodder protein, many macro- and micronutrients. Therefore, the search for additional sources of these substances is of great importance.

Since the 90s of the XX century, amino acid-peptide protein hydrolysates have been widely used in animal husbandry as an additional source of protein. Protein hydrolysates contain valuable biologically active substances: essential and essential amino acids, polypeptides, vitamins, macro- and microelements. The inclusion of protein hydrolysates in the diet of animals helps to improve metabolic processes, physiological and biochemical parameters, increase the body's resistance and increase productive qualities.

A known method of producing hydrolysates from fish raw materials (Patent RU No. 1755417, A23J 1/04, 1996), in which to reduce the consumption of the enzyme preparation and water and improve the quality of the final product, the raw materials for processing are taken in the original, unground, feed, feed and enzymatic the drug in the fermenter is carried out in separate portions as the liquefaction of raw materials, and water is added only to the first portion of raw materials. The volume of each portion of the feed and the enzyme preparation and the number of periods are selected depending on the structure and quality of the feed.

A known method of producing protein hydrolysates from protein-containing raw materials (Patent RU No. 2088104, A23J 3/34, 1996) by enzymatic hydrolysis of animal and vegetable protein-containing raw materials with subsequent inactivation of enzymes, in which the raw material is subjected to hydrolysis by hepatopancreas of commercial species of crabs, then the target product is separated by filtration concentrated and dried.

A known method of producing hydrolysates from marine hydrobionts for microbiological and / or feed purposes (Patent RU No. 2215425, A23J 1/04, 2003), which provides for the processing of protein-containing industrial waste with the preparation of raw materials, its grinding, adding water, introducing as a proteolytic agent king crab raw hepatopancreas, heating, carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis to a given degree of protein hydrolysis. The hydrolyzate solution is purified using a polymer coagulant in a solution of hydrochloric acid for 0.5 to 2 hours, the suspension is centrifuged and filtered, the transparent hydrolyzate is dried and the desired product is obtained — a protein base for microbiological media, and the remaining precipitate is dried and used as a protein base for feed mixtures.

Known feed composition (Application WO No. 2004016098, A23K 1/10, 2004) containing fish protein hydrolyzed by a neutral and alkaline protease, which can serve as a substitute for fish meal in feed to accelerate animal growth.

Known ferment Lesnov for the preparation of feed (Patent RU No. 2122330, A23K 1/12, 1998). Sourdough includes biologically active substances, mycelium of microscopic fungi, macro- and microelements. It is used in feed mixtures at a moisture content of plant raw materials of 45-75%, a temperature of 40-80 ° C, with the exposure of the feed under these conditions for 6-12 hours. Ferment increases the nutritional value of roughage by

80-100%, starchy and sugary - by 15-20%, enriches the feed with vitamins of groups B, D, PP, K, E, H, as well as aromatic substances.

Known feed means for laying hens (Patent RU No. 2312516, A23K 1/00, 2007). The feed product includes minced fish waste processed with mineral acid, which is used as concentrated sulfuric and / or 30-38% hydrochloric acid or a mixture of organic 85-90% formic and mineral acids and an additionally enriched plant supplement - algae feed flour .

A known method of producing peptone - one of the main components of the nutrient medium used in the microbiological industry (Patent RU No. 2266014, A23J 1/02, 2003), including the processing of waste meat from slaughtered animals with enzymes of microbial and animal origin at elevated temperature and constant stirring of the reaction mixture followed by separation of the hydrolysis products and drying. Almost any waste from the meat industry is used as a raw material, and brewing yeast waste and a complex of enzymes from the pancreas of slaughtered animals or any other enzyme of microbial, plant, such as papain, animal origin, for example, enzymes from crab pancreas or other, are used as a tool for hydrolysis hydrobionts.

A disadvantage of the known methods is the low nutritional value of the products obtained, the resulting food is not balanced in nutrients, which affects the decrease in growth and productivity of livestock and poultry.

A known method of producing hydrolysates (Patent RU No. 1559466, A23J 1/04, 1996 - prototype), which includes grinding fish products or waste products, mixing with water, heating the mixture, making a proteolytic enzyme preparation, fermentation, filtering and drying. Mixing of raw materials with water is carried out in a ratio of 2: 1-1: 1, heating is carried out to a temperature of 40-45 ° C, and fermentation is carried out for 0.5-2.5 hours using protosubtilin GZh.

The disadvantage of this method is the low nutritional properties of the resulting product.

An object of the invention is to provide a method for producing feed based on protein hydrolyzate, balanced in chemical composition and nutrients, with high digestibility, increasing the quality of finished feed products and the profitability of agricultural enterprises in the production of a unit of finished agricultural products.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the fermenter mixes the crushed fish products, or waste from their processing, or meal with an aqueous yeast substrate or distilled stillage in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 10, add algae and heat to a temperature of 35-60 ° C with continuous stirring, enzymes are added to the resulting mass at the rate of 0.4 g per 1 kg of crushed fish products, or waste products, or meal and aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol stillage, fermentation is carried out for 30-40 minutes at with continuous stirring at a temperature of 35-60 ° C until a hydrolyzate is obtained, bentonite clay is added at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 kg of the finished hydrolyzate, and then mixed to obtain a homogeneous mass with previously prepared crushed husk treated with gumivite at a rate of 50 g per 1 kg husk aged for 2-3 hours and then processed with Lesnov sourdough for 5-10 hours, at the rate of 1 kg husk per 1 kg of finished hydrolyzate, a mixture of multizym and protosubtilin enzymes or a mixture of multizym enzymes are used as enzymes Amilosubtilin and algae make the rate of

0.2-20 g of dry powder per 1 kg of a mixture of crushed fish products, or waste from their processing, or meal with an aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol bard.

The aqueous yeast substrate is a mixture of water and fodder yeast in a ratio of 1: 1-3: 1 or a mixture of water, yeast and meal, or beer wastes are used as the aqueous yeast substrate.

The proposed method is as follows.

Shredded fish products, or waste from their processing, or raw materials of plant origin in the form of, for example, flaxseed and / or soybean meal, are mixed in a fermenter with an aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol bard in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 10, seaweed is introduced and heated to temperature 35-60 ° C with continuous stirring. Enzymes are added to the resulting mass at the rate of 0.4 g per 1 kg of ground raw material and aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol stillage.

An aqueous yeast substrate is prepared as follows. 4 kg of yeast are taken per 1 m ^{3 of} water and 20 kg of meal are added. All mixed and left for 6 hours for fermentation.

As an aqueous yeast substrate, brewing waste or a mixture of water and fodder yeast in a ratio of 1: 1-3: 1 can also be used.

Fermentation is carried out for 30-40 minutes with continuous stirring at a temperature of 35-60 ° C until a hydrolyzate is obtained, bentonite clay is added at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 kg of the finished hydrolyzate, and then mixed to obtain a homogeneous mass with previously prepared ground husk from calculation of 1 kg of husk per 1 kg of the finished hydrolyzate, treated with gumivit at the rate of 50 g per 1 kg of husk and aged for 2-3 hours and then processed with levnova yeast for

5-10 hours.

As enzymes use a mixture of enzymes multizima and protosubtilin or a mixture of enzymes multizima and amylosubtiline.

Seaweed is applied at the rate of 0.2-20 g of dry powder per 1 kg of crushed fish products, or waste from their processing, or raw materials of plant origin in the form of a meal with an aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol bard.

Lesnov sourdough is a dry, highly active, powdery, single-use preparation. Biochemical composition of the ferment Lesnov:

- biologically active substances 6-8%;

- extracts of herbaceous plants 6-8%;

- mycelium of cellulolytic micro fungi 3-4%;

- mycelium of pectolytic and amylolytic micro fungi 2-4%;

- crude protein 4.5-5.5%;

- crude fiber 5-10%;

- crude fat 1-2%;

- sugar 2-3%;

- starch 5-10%;

- nitrogen-free extractive substances 15-20%;

- P ₂ O ₅ 5-6%;

- CaO 8-10%;

- Fe ₂ O ₃ 1-2%;

- Al ₂ O ₃ 1-2%;

- MgO 0.3-0.4%;

- K ₂ O 0.3-0.4%;

- SO ₃ 0.3-0.4%;

- strontium 32-33 (-3);

- cadmium 12-13 (-5);

- cesium 12-13 (-3).

Ferment is introduced at the rate of 5 g per 1 ton of raw materials (0.000005 hours per 1 hour) at a moisture content of 45-75% of raw materials, a temperature of 48-80 ° C and can withstand 6-12 hours.

Mineral and organic substances, for example, coniferous flour, fodder sugar, as well as humivit, which prolongs the shelf life of the product, can be added to the obtained protein-hydrolyzate-based feed.

Examples of specific performance.

Example 1

We prepare an aqueous yeast substrate. Take 1 kg of yeast per 1 m ^{3 of} water and add 20 kg of flaxseed meal. Mix everything and leave for 6 hours for fermentation. Grind fish products or their processing waste in an amount of 1 ton, place in a fermenter, add the finished aqueous yeast substrate in an amount of 1 ton and 1 kg of dry kelp, heat to a temperature of 40 ° C with continuous stirring. We add enzymes to the resulting mass: 200 g of multizim and 200 g of protosubtilin. Fermentation is carried out with continuous stirring for 30 minutes at a temperature of 40 ° C. The crushed husk - 2 m ^{3 is} treated with 10 kg of gumivita and aged for 2-5 hours. Next, we process the husk with the ferment of Lesnov and aged for 5-10 hours. The processed husk is mixed with the finished hydrolyzate until a homogeneous mass is obtained. We unload the finished feed and dry it to 12-15% moisture.

Example 2

300 kg of flaxseed meal and 300 kg of soybean meal are placed in the fermenter, add

1 m ³ beer production waste (brewer's yeast), 8 kg of dry kelp and heat to a temperature of 45 ° C with continuous stirring. We add enzymes to the resulting mass: 180 g of multizim and 1800 g of amylosubtilin. Fermentation is carried out with continuous stirring for 35 minutes at a temperature of 45 ° C. The crushed husk - 2 m ^{3 is} treated with 10 kg of gumivita and aged for 2-5 hours. Next, we process the husk with the ferment of Lesnov and aged for 5-10 hours. The processed husk is mixed with the finished hydrolyzate until a homogeneous mass is obtained. We unload the finished feed and dry it to 12-15% moisture.

The proposed method allows to obtain food based on protein hydrolyzate, which in its composition has a wide range of amino acids, vitamins, macro- and micronutrients and beneficial microflora, which breaks down dietary fiber to simpler and easily digestible poly- and monosaccharides, helps to replenish the diet with microbial protein, is digested 95-98%. Enzymatic feed based on protein hydrolyzate is a better substitute for fishmeal, its effectiveness is 2-3 times higher, and when it is used, the diseases that are possible when using meat and bone meal are not transmitted.

Claims (4)

1. A method of obtaining feed based on a protein hydrolyzate, including grinding raw materials, adding enzymes, heating, fermentation and drying, characterized in that the fermenter mixes the crushed fish products, or waste from their processing, or meal with an aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol bard in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 10, seaweed is added and heated to a temperature of 35-60 ° C with continuous stirring, enzymes are added to the resulting mass at the rate of 0.4 g per 1 kg of crushed fish products, or their waste Processing, or meal and water yeast substrate or alcohol stillage, fermentation is carried out for 30-40 minutes with continuous stirring at a temperature of 35-60 ° C until a hydrolyzate is obtained, bentonite clay is added at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 kg of prepared hydrolyzate, after which is mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained with the previously prepared chopped husk, treated with gumivit at the rate of 50 g per 1 kg of husk, aged for 2-3 hours and then processed with Leonov sourdough for 5-10 hours at the rate of 1 kg of husk per 1 kg of finished hydrolyzate in ka For the enzymes, a mixture of enzymes multizima and protosubtilin or a mixture of enzymes multizima and amylosubtilin are used, and algae is added at the rate of 0.2-20 g of dry powder per 1 kg of a mixture of crushed fish products, or waste from their processing, or meal with an aqueous yeast substrate or alcohol bard . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous yeast substrate is a mixture of water and feed yeast in a ratio of 1: 1-3: 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous yeast substrate is a mixture of water, yeast and meal. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an aqueous yeast substrate using beer waste.