RU2351892C2 - Method of mass disposal of cartridges and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition, disposal.

SUBSTANCE: method of disposal of cartridges comprises placing them on the first rotary conveyor in the loading area. The cartridges placed thereon, are fed, in turns, onto the second rotary conveyor and, further on, via the bullet extraction area wherein the cartridge case is discharged from the bullets and, then, to the third rotary conveyor. Now, the cartridges cases are moved into the powder removal area to be turned upside down to remove powder and transferred to the fourth rotary conveyor. Then, the cartridge cases are moved, in turns, to the cartridge demilitarisation area to neutralise the primers, and, further on, to the unloading area. The device to this end comprises the first rotary conveyer coupled with the second one comprising multiple cartridge case grippers and bullet extractors. The second conveyor is coupled with the third rotary conveyor comprising multiple cartridge case grippers intended for turning the cartridge open end downward. The third conveyor is coupled with the fourth one comprising multiple cartridge case grippers and primer neutraliser.

EFFECT: higher rate of disposal.

18 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to weapons technology, in particular to the technology of mass disposal of obsolete cartridges.

Disposal of cartridges, which in the framework of the present invention refers to unitary cartridges of small and medium calibers of small arms and cannon weapons, is an urgent task. There is constantly a need to dispose of a large number of cartridges, some of which become unusable due to the expiration of the expiration date, others have become unusable due to external influences, others are intended for obsolete or withdrawn weapons, etc.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2181188, publ. 04/10/2002, a method for processing rifle cartridges containing a cylindrical sleeve in the form of a cylindrical body with a powder charge, the base in which the capsule is mounted, and a muzzle, in which the bullet protruding outward, including alternately placing cartridges on a rotating rotary conveyor in the loading zone, is described, is described alternately moving cartridges into the bullet extraction zone, separating the bullets from the cartridges by destroying the barrel of the cartridge case when a transverse force is applied to the top of the bullet, extracting and removing gunpowder from the cartridge case and uzku sleeves.

A device for implementing this method includes a rotary conveyor mounted with the possibility of rotation with many grippers for shells, a bullet extractor, a grate for separating bullets from gunpowder and bullet and gunpowder accumulators.

The main disadvantage of this method and this device is that the mechanical destruction of the barrel muzzle is associated with the fact that at the place of the metal rupture, its local heating occurs, which can lead to ignition of the powder particles in the immediate vicinity and the firing of ammunition. The degree of local heating is the higher, the higher the speed of this operation, in connection with which this speed must be limited so as to exclude the possibility of dangerous local heating, which can lead to the ignition of gunpowder. Limiting the speed of extraction of the bullet leads to a limitation of the performance of the method and the installation as a whole.

In another known method (RF patent No. 2112706, publ. 11/27/1998), the cartridges are placed on a rotating rotary conveyor in the loading zone, then the cartridges are moved to the bullet extraction zone one by one, the bullets are separated from the cartridges by successive deformation of the cartridge case when a transverse bullet is applied to the top efforts and the application of axial load on the bullet, after which the powder is removed and removed from the cartridge case and the cartridge cases are unloaded.

A device for implementing this method includes a rotary conveyor mounted with the possibility of rotation with many grippers for shells, a bullet extractor, a grate for separating bullets from gunpowder and bullet and gunpowder accumulators.

For these known methods and devices, the same disadvantages are characteristic as for the previously described analogue, with the only difference being that the time taken to extract the bullet is even greater.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance method for processing rifle cartridges and a device for its implementation.

The problem is solved in that the method of mass disposal of cartridges containing a sleeve in the form of a cylindrical body with a powder charge, a base with a capsule and a barrel, in which a protruding outward bullet is fixed, involves placing cartridges on the first rotating rotary conveyor in the loading zone, moving cartridges into the zone bullet extraction, separating the bullets from the cartridges and releasing the cartridges from the gunpowder, the cartridges placed on the first rotating rotary conveyor are successively transferred to the second rotating rotary conveyor ter, with the help of which the cartridges are alternately transported through the bullet extraction zone, where the cartridges are released from the bullets and alternately transferred to the third rotating rotor conveyor, with which they are moved to the gunpowder removal zone, where the cartridges are turned upside down and released from the gunpowder and alternately transferred to the fourth rotary rotor conveyor, with the help of which the sleeves are alternately moved to the neutralization zone of the sleeves, where the capsules are neutralized sequentially, and the sleeves freed from bullets, gunpowder, with no a centrally capsules are alternately moved in the unloading zone and discharged.

Preferably, the cartridges on the first rotary rotary conveyor are placed upside down. In the event that for any reason, the cartridges on the first rotating rotary conveyor are placed bullets down, they are turned upside down in the process of transportation to the transfer zone to the second rotating rotary conveyor. This is important in order to ensure separate unloading of bullets and gunpowder due to the fact that gunpowder is poured down to the base of the sleeve and the bullets are facing up.

Bullets can be removed by applying axial force to them, before which it is advisable to act on the top of the bullet with lateral force, thereby weakening the density of the bullet in the barrel of the sleeve and facilitating the process of its extraction.

During the long-term storage of cartridges, the particles of gunpowder in them can coalesce and attach to the inner walls of the liner, which can lead to incomplete release of the liner from the gunpowder. To avoid this, it is advisable to vibrate the liner before applying it to the gunpowder removal zone.

Preferably, the powder is removed in small portions from the powder removal zone.

Capsules can be neutralized by impact on them or by any other means, for example, by thermal, chemical or hydraulic action.

Preferably, the effectiveness of the neutralization of the capsule is controlled by monitoring the presence of acoustic clap and / or light flash and / or gas-dynamic impact synchronous with the impact on the capsule, and in the absence of one of the signals synchronous with the impact on the capsule, the sleeve is not considered neutralized and unloaded separately from neutralized sleeves.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the device for the mass disposal of cartridges, including a sleeve in the form of a cylindrical body with a powder charge, a base with a capsule and a barrel, in which a protruding outward bullet is mounted, contains a first rotary conveyor with a plurality of grippers for sleeves and bullet extractor, the grips of the first rotor conveyor are arranged to place bullets in them as a whole with bullets up, while the first rotor conveyor is paired with the second rotatably rotary conveyor, which contains many grippers for the sleeves and the bullet extractor and is paired with a third rotatably mounted rotary conveyor, which contains many grippers for the sleeves, made with the possibility of turning the sleeves dulz down, and paired with a fourth mounted rotatably rotary conveyor, which contains many grippers for sleeves and catalytic converter.

Preferably, the second rotary conveyor is paired with a bullet accumulator, and the third rotary conveyor is paired with a dry powder collector.

The collection of dry gunpowder can be made in the form of a conveyor with accumulators of gunpowder of limited capacity.

It is advisable to provide the third rotary conveyor with a humidification unit for the powder and a collection of moistened powder.

Preferably, the capsule neutralizer is made in the form of a striking mechanism with a striker for acting on the capsules, and the fourth rotary conveyor is equipped with at least one of the capsule combustion signal recording devices: an acoustic cotton registration device from the capsule combustion or a light flash detection device from the capsule combustion or a recording device gas-dynamic shock from the combustion of the capsule.

The fourth rotary conveyor, it is advisable to provide a drive neutralized sleeves and a drive of potentially not neutralized sleeves.

In more detail, the claimed method and device are explained using the drawings, which show:

figure 1 - General view of a device for processing cartridges;

figure 2 - schematic representation of a fragment of the first rotary conveyor with a feed chute;

figure 3 - diagram of the site of the lateral impact on the bullet;

4 is a diagram of an axial impact unit for a bullet;

5 is a diagram of the site of the wet reception of gunpowder;

6 is a diagram of the site of disposal of capsules;

Fig.7 is an image of a cartridge.

The device for the mass disposal of cartridges contains a bed on which the first rotary conveyor 1, the second rotary conveyor 2, the third rotary conveyor 3 and the fourth rotary conveyor 4 are mounted for rotation. In order to ensure safety, the rotor conveyors 1, 2, 3 and 4 are covered with a protective top casing 5 (figure 1).

The first rotary conveyor 1 contains many grippers 6 for cartridges, each of which is made, for example, in the form of a pair of jaws 7 (figure 2). In the loading zone of the cartridges, the feed conveyor 8 from the loading unit, in which the cartridges are pre-positioned (not shown), is suitable for the first conveyor 1. The grabs 6 are made with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane.

The second, third and fourth rotor conveyors 2, 3 and 4 also contain many grippers for the sleeves and are mounted in relation to each other so that the paths of the cartridges in the grips of the adjacent conveyors are in contact with each other.

The second rotary conveyor 2 with grippers 9 is interfaced with the stop 10 mounted in series in the direction of rotation of the conveyor 2 and the cam bullet extractor 11 (Figs. 3, 4).

The third rotary conveyor 3 with grippers 12, which are mounted with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, is paired with a device for receiving gunpowder. Alternatively, the device for receiving gunpowder can be made in the form of a tray 13 with at least one spray nozzle 14 and several flushing nozzles 15 (Fig. 5). The nozzles 14 and 15 are connected to the pump 16, the input of which is connected to the collector 17 of the phlegmatizing liquid. Tray 13 is also connected to this container. The receiving part of the tray 13 has an elongated shape and passes along an arc under the rotary conveyor 3 so that in the position of the rash of powder over the receiving part of the tray 13 can be several shells. To ensure a reliable and uniform process of releasing shell casings from gunpowder, they are subjected to vibration at any previous stage, which contributes to crushing of granules of packed powder and separation of gunpowder particles from shell walls. The source of vibration can be any known device associated with the grippers 6, 9 or 12, or rotary conveyors 1, 2 or 3.

The container 17 is equipped with a filter 18 for separating the phlegmatized powder. In another embodiment, the device for receiving gunpowder can be made in the form of a tray, under which a discretely moving conveyor with small containers is brought.

The fourth rotary conveyor with grippers 19 includes a capsule neutralizer in the form of a striker 20 (Fig. 6), acoustic and optical control devices, a shock wave sensor, and receiving trays for neutralized and non-neutralized sleeves (not shown).

Each cartridge has a sleeve 21 with a base 22, in which the capsule 23 is installed (Fig.7). The body of the sleeve has a generally cylindrical shape with a dulce 24, in which the base of the bullet 25 is fixed, the top of which extends beyond the sleeve. In the case of the sleeve is a powder charge.

The device operates as follows.

Previously, the cartridges are positioned using an external loading unit so that they arrive along the feeding chute 8 in the direction of the first rotary conveyor with bullets upward (FIG. 2). In the loading zone from the feed chute 8, the cartridges alternately enter the grippers 6 of the first rotor conveyor, on which, in the process of moving the cartridges to the mating zone of the first 1 and second 2 rotor conveyors, the position of the cartridges is monitored using any known suitable means. In the case of detecting a cartridge located with the bullet down, the capture 6 on the command of the control device turns such a cartridge with the bullet up. As a result, cartridges oriented strictly with bullets upwards approach the interface zone of the first 1 and second 2 rotary conveyors.

In the mating zone of the first 1 and second 2 rotor conveyors, the grippers 6 of the first rotor conveyor alternately transfer the cartridges to the grippers 9 of the second rotor conveyor and return to their original position to receive new cartridges from the feed chute 8. At the same time, the cartridges that are in the grips of the second 2 rotor conveyor, alternately led first to the stop 10, which acts on the top of the bullet with lateral force, shifts its top from the axis of the sleeve and thereby weakens the density of the base of the bullet in the barrel of cartridges s, and then to the cam bullet extractor, which captures the bullets with its cams, acts on them with axial force, removes them from the cartridges and sends them to the receiver for bullets (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). After that, the shells, free of bullets, but with a powder charge inside, are moved to the interface zone of the second 2 and third 3 rotor conveyors. In this zone, the grippers 9 of the second rotor conveyor alternately transfer the shells with gunpowder to the grippers 12 of the third rotor conveyor and return to their original position to receive new cartridges from the grippers 2 of the first rotor conveyor 1.

At the same time, the shells with gunpowder, which are located in the grippers 9 of the second rotary conveyor 2, are alternately led to the zone of unloading the gunpowder, where the grippers 9 turn the shells down and the gunpowder falls out into the receiving part of the tray 13 (Fig. 5). The movement of the sleeves on the rotor conveyor 2 and the moments of their turning are synchronized so that the powder particles do not begin to spill out of the sleeves before the receiving part of the tray 13 is under the sleeve, and do not continue to sleep after the sleeve passes the receiving part of the tray 13.

The flow of dry powder that spills out of the sleeves is irrigated by the sprayed phlegmatizing fluid supplied by the spray nozzle 14, which contributes to the fall of the powder particles into the tray 13 and prevents the formation of explosive powder-air mixture. Flushing nozzles are installed below the spray nozzle 14, through which streams of phlegmatizing liquid are supplied to the tray 13, which flushes the powder particles onto the filter 18 installed in the collector 17. The powder particles are deposited on the filter 18 and then discharged into the powder storage tank for subsequent disposal. The phlegmatizing liquid purified from gunpowder passes through the filter 18 to the collector 17, from where it is again fed to the nozzles 14 and 15 using the pump 16.

Nozzles 14, 15, pump 16 and phlegmatizing liquid are not used for dry collection of gunpowder, and gunpowder is simply poured into small containers mounted on a discretely moving conveyor. Each such container is located under the tray until the specified filling, after which it is taken to a safe distance from the tray and unloaded into a secure drive, and the next container is brought under the tray. Each tank has such a volume that even an accidental ignition of gunpowder in it will qualify as a regular event and will not have any noticeable consequences for the installation, personnel or the environment.

The gunpowder-free sleeves are then moved by the third rotor conveyor 3 to its interface with the fourth rotor conveyor 4 and alternately transferred to the grippers 19 of the latter, and the grippers 12 of the conveyor 3 are returned to their original position to receive new cartridges from the grippers 9 of the second conveyor 2. The fourth rotor conveyor alternately brings the empty shells 21 to the striker 20 of the catalytic converter. At the moment the cartridge hits the working area of the striker, the latter strikes on the outer surface of the capsule 23, as a result of which the capsule initiating explosive is burned, i.e. its disposal. This process is controlled by a device for recording acoustic cotton from a capsule burning, a device for recording a light flash from a capsule combustion, and a device for recording a gas-dynamic shock from a capsule burning. If, simultaneously with the striker's blow, all three devices generate signals confirming the burning of the capsule, the sleeve is sent to the receiving tray for the neutralized shells. In the absence of such a signal from at least one of these devices, the sleeve is not considered neutralized and sent to the receiving tray for the sleeves, which are subject to additional neutralization.

The invention provides a significant increase in the productivity of the method and device due to the fact that various processing operations — positioning cartridges, bullet extraction, gunpowder removal and capsule neutralization — are carried out separately on specialized rotary conveyors. The pilot plant manufactured by the applicant for processing small rifle cartridges of 7.62 mm caliber with rotary conveyors for 25 grabs each allows to process up to 15 thousand rounds per hour with complete safety for staff and the environment.

The invention is not limited to the example described above and covers all possible options that are available to a person skilled in the art based on the attached claims taking into account the information presented here.

Claims (18)

1. The method of mass disposal of cartridges containing a sleeve in the form of a cylindrical body with a powder charge, a base with a capsule and a barrel, in which a protruding outward bullet is fixed, including placing cartridges on the first rotating rotary conveyor in the loading zone, moving cartridges into the bullet extraction zone, separation bullets from shells and the release of shells from gunpowder, characterized in that the cartridges placed on the first rotary rotary conveyor are alternately transferred to the second rotary rotary conveyor, using which cartridges are alternately transported through the bullet extraction zone, where the cartridges are released from the bullets and alternately transferred to the third rotary rotor conveyor, with which they are moved to the gunpowder removal zone, where the cartridges are turned upside down and freed from the powder and alternately transferred to the fourth rotary rotor a conveyor, with the help of which the sleeves are alternately moved to the zone of neutralization of the sleeves, where the capsules are neutralized sequentially, and the sleeves freed from bullets, gunpowder and neutralized capsules, they are alternately moved to the unloading zone and unloaded. 2. The method according to 1, characterized in that the cartridges on the first rotating rotary conveyor are placed bullets up. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridges on the first rotary rotary conveyor are placed with bullets down and in the process of transportation to the transfer zone to the second rotating rotary conveyor they are turned upside down. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullets are removed by applying axial force to them. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that before applying axial force to the pool, lateral force is applied to its top. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before feeding into the zone of removal of gunpowder, the sleeve is exposed to vibration to loosen the powder charge. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsules are neutralized by impact on them. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the process of neutralizing the capsules is controlled by monitoring the presence of signals in the form of acoustic pops and / or light flashes and / or gas-dynamic shocks synchronous with the impact on the capsule. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the absence of one of these signals synchronous with the impact on the capsule, the sleeve is not considered neutralized and unloaded separately from the neutralized sleeves. 10. A device for the mass disposal of cartridges, including a sleeve in the form of a cylindrical body with a powder charge, a base with a capsule and a barrel, in which a protruding outward bullet is fixed, comprising a first rotary conveyor with a plurality of grippers for shells and a bullet extractor, which is characterized by that the grips of the first rotor conveyor are arranged to place bullets in them as a whole with bullets upward, while the first rotor conveyor is paired with a second one installed with rotation by a rotary conveyor, which comprises a plurality of shell grippers and a bullet extractor, and is coupled to a third rotatably mounted rotor conveyor, which comprises a plurality of shell grippers, capable of turning the shells upside down and connected to a fourth rotary conveyor mounted , which contains many grippers for shells and a neutralizer capsules. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the second rotary conveyor is paired with a bullet storage device. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the third rotary conveyor is paired with a collection of dry powder. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the collection of dry powder is made in the form of a conveyor with accumulators of gunpowder of limited capacity. 14. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the third rotary conveyor is paired with a humidification unit of the powder and a collection of moistened powder. 15. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the capsule neutralizer is made in the form of a shock mechanism with a striker for impact on the capsules. 16. The device according to clause 15, wherein the fourth rotary conveyor is equipped with at least one device for recording the signal of combustion of the capsule. 17. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that the device for recording the signal of combustion of the capsule is selected from the group of devices including a device for recording the signal of acoustic cotton from the combustion of the capsule, a device for recording a light flash from combustion of the capsule, and a device for recording a gas-dynamic shock from combustion of the capsule. 18. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fourth rotary conveyor is equipped with a storage of neutralized shells and a storage of potentially not cleaned shells.

Images