RU2343667C2 - Biological potato plant protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes treatment of potato bulbs and vines during vegetation period with biological product mixed with a sticky agent. To treat potato bulbs there used is Planriz as a biological product on the basis of 1000 ml per a tonne of bulbs, and to treat the planted area of 1 hectare during vegetation period there used is a mixture of the following biological products: Planriz in quantity of 0.5 l and Bankol - 0.2 l, which are dissolved in 300-350 l of mineral water "Zamankul"; at that corn flour paste in quantity of 1-1.5% of the mixture volume is used as a sticky agent.

EFFECT: improving effectiveness of the method and reducing costs.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application for protecting potatoes from diseases and pests in biological farming.

A known method of biological protection of plants, in which the use of herbal preparations with a complex effect against diseases and pests (Cherkashin V.I. et al. Phytosanitary monitoring and protection of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle. // Potatoes and vegetables. - 2001. - No. 3 - S.42-44).

However, to implement the method, it is necessary to repeatedly prepare the infusion of certain herbs used in planting potatoes throughout the growing season, which complicates the method.

There is also known a method in which the biological preparation Planriz, created on the basis of soil bacteria pseudomonas (Yarkulov F.Ya. Use of biological agents in field crops. // Protection and quarantine of plants. - 2002. - No. 2. - P.35-36, is used. )

The disadvantage of this method is that in the fight against pests, additional treatment with insecticides is necessary, which increases costs. In addition, the introduction of biostimulants is required. The injected preparation is ineffective with excess moisture, i.e. may be washed off by precipitation.

There is a method when, to increase the resistance of potato plants to diseases and pests, copper, iron, zinc salts are used at a rate of 300 l / ha of working fluid (Sedova V.I. Fight against diseases and pests of potatoes during planting care. // Potato and vegetables. - 2003. - No. 4. - S.26-27).

In this technical solution, the use of a complex of trace elements along with fungicides and insecticides increases the cost of implementing the method.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a method in which a biological product is used containing soil bacteria pseudomonas. Fungicide is used with an active adhesive and starting microdoses of elements of mineral nutrition of biologically active substances with a directed spectrum of action (Glez V.M. et al. Prospects for the use of agate-25k on potatoes. // Protection and quarantine of plants. - 2003. - No. 5. - C .27-28).

The prototype method has the following disadvantages:

- high cost of the drug;

- with a reduction in processing time, resistant forms of pathogens appear;

- the drug only affects diseases like a fungicide and requires additional treatment against pests, in particular, the Colorado potato beetle;

- with excess moisture, the drug is not effective enough.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method, reducing costs.

This goal is achieved in that, in contrast to the prototype method, the treatment of plantings is carried out with a mixture of biological products of fungicidal and insecticidal action, which are dissolved in 300-350 liters of mineral water, and corn paste in the amount of 1-1.5% of the total volume is used as an adhesive insertion mixture. Planriz is used as a fungicide, and bancol is used as an insecticide.

The method is as follows. The active principle of planris is living cells of the pseudomonas bacteria, selected for the ability to effectively suppress the phytopathogens of many diseases. The drug planriz is made in the form of a peat form or a liquid bacterial suspension. Bacteria pseudomonas, getting on the surface of the roots and leaves inhibit the development of phytopathogenic microorganisms, and are also able to produce growth-promoting substances, contributing to an improvement in the diet of potato plants. Bankol - the active substance bensultan is an analogue of the natural neurotoxin of marine annelids. Unlike preparations of other groups of insecticides, in particular pyrethroids, the effectiveness of which decreases at elevated temperatures, bankol does not have such a dependence and retains its high efficiency under various temperature conditions. The drug does not move systemically in plants, but is able to penetrate from the leaf surface into internal tissues, which contributes not only to the destruction of Colorado potato beetle larvae, but also to a decrease in the pathogenic load on plants. Therefore, biocompatibility drugs complement each other.

In contrast to the methods used, instead of ordinary water in which pesticides are diluted, mineral water in the amount of 300-350 l / ha is used.

Mineral water of Zamankul (North Ossetian deposit) contains (mg / l): Ca - 2.5; Mg - 2.0; Cl - 143; SO ₄ 0.68; Na - 650; K 21.3; NO ₃ - 4.2; NH ₃ 0.04; Zn - 5.0; Cu - 0.5; Fe is 0.1. The water reaction is slightly alkaline (pH-8.1), which allows you to activate the vital activity of microorganisms contained not only in biological products, but also in soil microflora. Elements contained in mineral water contribute to increasing the intensity of growth and development of plants, the formation of healthy tubers. The use of trace elements increases the resistance of plants to pathogens. The listed trace elements are part of many enzymes that take part in the protective reactions of plants. Trace elements (zinc, iron, copper, etc.) are able to suppress the effect of toxic secretions of fungi - pathogens.

The role of trace elements contained in mineral water in an assimilable form is reduced to an increase in the acquired type of immunity of potato plants, the mechanism of action of which is as follows: a) the physiological functions of the body are disturbed by the parasite, b) the habitat that acts negatively on the parasite changes, c) the activity increases enzymes, especially oxidizing ones. For example, peroxidase activity is enhanced when copper is added to the potato, and therefore, plant resistance to late blight increases.

The amount of mineral water at the rate of 300-350 l / ha is justified by the need for trace elements of potato plants. Unlike well-known analogues, when expensive macro- and microelements are introduced for plant immunization, the claimed object is supplied simultaneously with pesticides (fungicide and insecticide), which are dissolved in mineral water, and thus, foliar feeding of potato plants is carried out. In addition, trace elements of mineral water activate microorganisms of biological products. A sufficient amount of potassium available to plants (21.3 mg / l) in water provides the necessary mineral for potato tubers.

Corn starch (used as an adherent to the mixture), unlike potato, contains 10 times more protein (1 g / kg), 6 times more fat (0.6 g / kg), dextrins (polysaccharide cleavage products - 85.2, which is 6.5 more than in potato), magnesium (114 mg / kg versus 32 mg / kg for potato), phosphorus (301 mg / kg), sulfur (104 mg / kg against 32 mg / kg for potato).

All components of the mixture with mineral water provide stimulation of growth, and resistance of potatoes to diseases and pests. Starchy shell provides better preservation of the mixture on plants. The high content of magnesium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus in the mixture creates favorable conditions for the development of pseudomonas microorganisms, which for a long time are not washed off by precipitation, especially in the spring. Exceeding the dose of paste (more than 1.5%) does not provide high-quality processing of crops, since a saturated, thickened solution is unevenly distributed on the surface of plants.

Example 1. Prepare a solution for 3 tons of potatoes (hectare norm).

A paste is prepared from corn starch at the rate of 300 g per 30 l of mineral water. To form a paste, the temperature of the mineral water is adjusted to 72 ° C, i.e. to such a temperature when the starch grains are transformed into a paste. The resulting paste is dissolved in 300 l of mineral water, into which 0.2 l / ha of bancola suspension is added and, after thorough mixing, the fungicide planriz is additionally introduced at a dose of 0.5 l / ha.

Example 2. Before planting, the potatoes are treated with glaze at the rate of 1000 ml of working solution per ton of tubers. After emergence in the phase of 3-4 leaves, the crops were treated with the mixture, as in the first example, and in contrast to it, 1.5% corn paste was prepared from the total volume of the mixture with mineral water (350 l / ha). The processing of crops is carried out three times until the rows are closed. The experimental data are summarized in table.

Experience Options Disease prevalence,% Affected Colorado potato beetle,% Harvest, t / ha late blight scab Planriz (dissolved in water) 34.5 7.8 66.5 14.8 Bankol (dissolved in water) 49.2 8.2 37.8 13.5 Planriz + Bankol (dissolved in water) 23,2 6.1 32.6 16.5 Prototype: fungicide + trace elements + adhesive 28,4 8.2 35,2 15.1 Suggested: planriz + bancol + mineral water + corn paste 12.5 4.1 13,2 23.5 Planriz + bancol with mineral water without adhesive 21.6 6.3 19.6 18.3

The use of a mixture of fungicide and insecticide dissolved in mineral water with the addition of paste provides an environmentally friendly product, reduces the harmful effects of pesticides on soil organisms and the environment.

Claims (1)

A method of biological protection of potato plants, including the treatment of tubers and potato plants during the growing season with a biological product mixed with an adhesive, characterized in that for processing potato tubers, planriz is used as a biological product at a rate of 1000 ml per ton of tubers, and for processing 1 ha of plantings in the growing season using a mixture of biologics Planriz in the amount of 0.5 l and Bankol in the amount of 0.2 l, diluted in 300-350 l of mineral water "Zamankul", while using as an adhesive corn paste the amount of 1-1.5% of the volume of the mixture.