RU2239313C2 - Electrical chamber for disinfection of honeycomb - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bee keeping.

SUBSTANCE: chamber has housing with an electric fan, heating member, temperature controller, and thermometer. The housing is provided with shelves for setting honeycombs, side deflectors for generating directed hot air flow, and vessel for disinfecting agents.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of disinfection.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to beekeeping, and in particular to devices for disinfection of honeycombs.

The prior art method for the disinfection of honeycombs in the chamber with a gaseous substance, for example methyl bromide (SU 212664, 05/08/1968).

A device for heat treatment of bees is known, comprising a housing with electric heaters and fans. Outside air undergoes two-stage heating, which ensures uniformity of temperature in the entire body volume (SU 1759351, 09/07/1992).

In the fight against diseases and pests of bees, beekeepers use antibiotics and other chemotherapy drugs that can be introduced into honey. In honey, antibiotics in high concentrations persist for a long time. (Over three years, streptomycin, chlortetracycline, more than a year tetracycline, 210 days neomycin, 90 days bicillin. G. Shakaryan et al. "The concentration of antibiotics in the body of bees and honey." - J. "Veterinary Medicine", 1973, No. 10). Veterinary examination can not determine pure honey or not and they enter the human body.

Pathogens of bee diseases, parasites and pests (and there are more than 100) quickly get used to drugs. Therefore, the beekeeper is forced to change them in order to achieve a result.

The main sources of infectious, parasitic diseases and pests of bees are infected wax, hive body, honeycomb, sick uterus. If the plant producing it is responsible for the sterility of the wax, the beehive is disinfected by burning with a blowtorch, the uterus is often changed with a family disease, then the honeycomb is a weak point in the prevention and control of bee diseases.

Numerous pathogens are known: viruses, rickettsia, bacilli (spore-forming) microorganisms, bacteria (non-spore-forming), fungi, amoeba, ticks, pests (moth) of bees.

If pathogens quickly get used to the action of drugs, then they cannot get used to the sterilizing effect of temperature, because it causes irreversible changes in the protein structure of the cell. An essential condition in this case is that spore-forming bacteria under adverse environmental conditions (temperature effect), drying out, go into spores.

So, the spores of the American foulbrood can withstand temperatures of 127 ° C. But she (spores) has a need, under favorable conditions, to get out of the dispute. This can be used. If you warm the honeycomb to 56 ° C, make an exposure and repeat heating after a break (when the bacillus leaves the spore), then it will die. To enhance the effect of temperature, vapors of formalin, iodine chloride, lactic acid can be introduced into the chamber. It is known that formalin most effectively acts at a temperature of 30-50 ° C.

We checked this in the Mineralovodsk Stavropol Territory veterinary laboratory. Moreover, in the cell, the pathogen of the American foulbrood was in association with Proteus vulgaris.

The work was carried out according to the following procedure. At first, a family sick with American foulbrood was selected. 7 samples were taken from the cells of a sick family. In this case, we were interested in the possible growth of the pathogen and the banal (Proteus vulgaris) microflora.

Sample No. 1. It was taken from a healthy family.

Samples of honeycombs taken from a family sick with American foulbrood.

Sample No. 2. It was exposed to T-56 ° C for 2 hours, after a 24-hour break it was exposed to T-56 ° C for 2 hours. In this case, we determined the effect of only the temperature factor. There was no growth.

Sample No. 3. It was exposed to T-56 ° C in formalin vapors for 3 hours. There was no growth.

Sample No. 4. It was exposed to T-56 ° C for 3 hours and after 24 hours in pairs of iodine chloride for 2 hours. There was no growth.

Sample No. 5. Was in pairs of iodine monochloride for 3 hours. There was no growth.

Sample No. 6. Acted T-56 ° C in a mixture of formalin and iodine chloride for 3 hours. There was no growth.

Sample No. 7. It was tripled under the influence of T-56 ° C. Every time after 24 hours. There was no growth.

Regardless of the results of examinations No. 92-93-94-95-96-97-98 of the Mineralovodsk laboratory, we selected 7 samples from the same material for research in the inter-district Pyatigorsk laboratory. There was no growth in 1-3-4-5 samples. Examinations No. 476-482 of March 1, 2001. In the other 2-6-7 samples, there was weak growth, but we attributed this to a technical error, because Pyatigorsk laboratory specializes only in the diagnosis of chicken diseases.

The tindalization method is effective in combating not only pathogens of bacillary and bacterial diseases, but mycotic, protozoonous, parasitic and pests (moth) of bees.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a section of an electric tindalization chamber for disinfection of bee honeycombs.

The camera contains a housing 1, in which an electric fan 2 is installed, an electric heating element 3 located under it, a temperature regulator 4, a control thermometer 5. Side barriers 6 are installed in the body to create a directed flow of hot air, shelves 7 for installing bee honeycombs 8. In the lower part cameras placed capacity 9 for disinfectant.

The direction of movement of the hot air stream is shown at 10.

Electric tindalization chamber operates as follows.

Cells are loaded into the chamber from a sick or suspected family of infection. In the spring for the prevention of diseases, you can load all the cells released after wintering.

They give an electric current of 220 volts to temperature regulator 4 (for security purposes, it can be lowered to 12 volts). The current flows to the engine with a fan 2, which drives the air to the heating element 3, connected to the electric network (12-220 volts). Heated to 54-56 ° C air (penetrates the cells) blows around the honeycomb 8 installed on the shelf 7 for honeycombs. Warm air quickly heats the honeycomb 8. Side restrictors 6 make the flow of warm air circulating. This achieves the disinfection of honeycombs. With repeated (after a 24-36-72-hour break) warming, complete sterility of honeycombs and wax is achieved.

The warm air circulating inside the chamber does not require large expenditures of energy, therefore the operation of the chamber is economical. To increase the disinfecting effect, formalin or a solution of iodine monochloride is poured into the container 9 (it must be remembered that chlorine and iodine destroy the honeycomb wire) or lactic acid. Control the heating using a control thermometer. The camera body is made of heat-retaining material.

The electric tindalization chamber for disinfection of bee honeycombs is designed for 20-40 cells (can be 100 or more). You can attach an autonomous prefix to it (heaters with a temperature regulator at 41-56-80 ° С) so as not to mess with the blowtorch and, if necessary (in the place where there is electricity), to disinfect the hives by heating them at 80 ° С. A stand-alone set-top box containing an electric motor with a fan, a thermocouple, and a temperature regulator (set at 41-56-80 ° C) can be used to disinfect hives (T-80 ° C) in the fight against varroatosis (41 ° C). It is known that at a temperature of 40 ° C the tick begins to move actively (O.V. Anshakova. Behavioral reactions of a female Varroa. - J. "Beekeeping", 1977, No. 10, p.24), and a stream of air will drop it to the bottom of the hive. When the temperature regulator is set to a temperature of 80 ° C, the hive can be disinfected against non-spore-forming bacteria, fungi, protozoa, ticks and pests of bees. Given that spore formation in bacillary forms of bee pathogens (American foulbrood, etc.) after initial heating requires a certain amount of time, the speed and depth of reheating play a large role in the process of tyndallization.

Claims (1)

An electric tindalization chamber for disinfection of bee honeycombs, comprising a case with an electric fan, a heating element, a temperature regulator and a control thermometer, shelves for installing bee honeycombs, with side barriers for creating a directed flow of hot air and a container for disinfectants.