RU2221954C1 - Method of building technological crossing over obstacle (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction; laying of mains. SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method, trench with pipeline laid in trench is overlapped by bridge made by placing weighting member - polymeric container ballasting device or group of weighting members with filling of containers by soil or filling trench with soil on section of mounting of polymeric container ballasting device on pipeline. When building crossing over water course in swamp or gully, trenches are dug out in banks of water course at sides crossing and soil-filled water permeable containers are installed vertically in said trenches. One-or two-layer log flooring is made with resting onto soil-filled water permeable containers, and side log flooring is covered by industrial fabric panels together with near bank sections. And layer of sand of designed thickness is placed over industrial fabric panels. When building crossing over obstacle, namely, over surface or elevated pipeline, bridge is built overlapping the obstacle with provision of approach and exit ramps. For this purpose supports -solid-filled water permeable containers are placed on ground surface at sides of obstacle. Log flooring is placed with resting on said supports. Log flooring is lined with industrial fabric panels and panels are covered with layer of sand soil of designed thickness. EFFECT: reduced time taken for laying of pipeline. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction and is used in the construction of trunk pipelines. It is known from the prior art that the specifics of linear pipeline construction requires the construction of roads in a certain sequence according to their purpose. It is known that they arrange technological driveways along the construction strip for transporting pipe sections, transporting workers, passing assembly crews, insulation and laying columns, as well as for the construction of crossings of trunk pipelines. The choice of types and designs of roads - technological driveways - is complicated due to an increase in the power of used machines and vehicles, as well as due to the fact that many kilometers of pipeline routes pass through difficult taiga and marshy places with diverse soils with the intersection of various natural obstacles.

 The construction of trunk pipelines is an extremely extensive complex of construction and installation works. A complicating circumstance is the specificity of the rolling nature of linear work. Their technology requires consistent continuous movement of teams for the preparation of the route, assembly and welding teams, insulation and laying columns, links for drilling crossings. It is known that the final operation of installation work is the collection and removal of unused pipes and metal scraps scattered along the highway. It is known that in order to carry out this work, it is necessary to cross the pipeline line several times, for which crossings through the trench are arranged from the technological passage along the main pipeline, and the crossings are located several kilometers from each other.

 In addition, at the same time as the construction of the pipeline, they are building, for example, technological communication lines that are placed parallel to the pipeline at a distance of 4-6 m from its axis. Such a close arrangement of these structures excludes the possibility of pre-installation of communication line elements, since the entire strip is often occupied by excavation, installation and laying works. Separation of the technological communication line from the axis of the pipeline would lead to an unnecessary expenditure of funds to expand the communication clearing band. The construction of the communication line is literally following the laying of the pipeline and backfilling of the trench, so that after preparing the laid section of the pipeline for purging or flushing, the communication would be ready. The construction of technological communication lines also requires moving from the technological passage to the opposite side of the trench (see ZLATKIN V.P. Organization of the construction of main pipelines. L.: Nedra, 1976, p. 90, 138 - prototype).

 It is known from the prior art that on marshy sections of the route when crossing natural obstacles, laid roads of various designs are used, which depend on the degree of water cut and the thickness of the peat layer of the marshes, which determine the bearing capacity of soils. On shallow and not too flooded swamps, it is sufficient to stack logs lined with longitudinal log logs covered with a 10-15 cm thick primer.

 Heavily flooded areas with a large peat depth require more thorough construction of technological crossings in the form of a continuous transverse deck of logs with a diameter of 15-20 cm, laid on longitudinal log beds with a diameter of 20-25 cm with block chippers along the edges.

 On especially heavy marshes, such floorings have to be arranged in 2-3 tiers (see ZLATKIN VP Organization of the construction of trunk pipelines. L .: Nedra, 1976, p. 52-53).

 A disadvantage of the known solutions is the great complexity in the arrangement of such technological crossings and their high cost. Since the logs of the transverse flooring are conical in shape, then when traveling through them construction machines, the logs “play”, cross, and ultimately break. To equalize the load on the ends of logs of different diameters, they are tied with wire or staples to prevent displacement of flooring logs.

 There are known designs of technological roads when laying trunk pipelines using synthetic fabric panels to strengthen the base of roads on soft soils. It is known that the foundation of the road on soft soils, made in the form of a cloth made of synthetic fabric, with sewn eyes along the edges to accommodate long elements used as anchors after dumping the soil on the cloth (see SN 674383 A5, 1990, E 01 C 3/06 )

 A disadvantage of the known solution is the complexity of manufacturing the road. Since the width of the panel is limited by the size of the roll, when installing the base of the road, it is necessary to perform in the field multiple fastenings of the lateral edges of the panels of synthetic material.

 Thus, there is the task of creating a technological crossing, for example, through a trench with a laid pipeline from the side of the technological passage laid along the main pipeline, as well as the task of creating a technological crossing through natural barriers, for example streams. In addition, an obstacle may be a land or overhead pipeline. Finally, the kilometer-long welded string of the pipeline on the berm of the trench also presents a significant obstacle if, due to production circumstances, it cannot yet be laid in the trench. In this case, the following circumstance must be taken into account. If a temporary passage through the trench is constructed, for example, by filling it with soil, then due to compaction of the soil of the trench backfill, soil settles and a pothole forms in the passage over the trench, which increases under the influence of the weight of construction vehicles, which can lead to damage to the pipeline, its crushing or ovalization.

 Therefore, crossing over an obstacle, for example through a pipeline, should ensure its safety. Finally, the relocation must reliably perform the function of the road itself, ensuring accident-free passage of construction vehicles. These requirements are the achievable technical result when implementing the claimed group of inventions.

 The above problem is solved by the fact that in the method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle consisting in blocking a trench with a pipeline laid in the bridge, the bridge is created by a hinge on the weighted pipe - polymer-container ballasting device (PCBU) laid in the trench, or a group of these weighting materials with subsequent filling the containers of the PCBU or their group with backfill soil, followed by backfilling the trench with soil at the section of the hitch to the PKBU pipeline or the PKBU group, the width of the PKBU or their groups s is at least the width of the relocation base. PKBU contains a pair of containers symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pipeline and filled with containers of flexible material made of panels of flexible material connected by a power belt imposed on the pipeline and a pair of flexible external power jumpers attached to the outer corners of rigid flat rectangular frames that form the tank’s frame and are connected to the pipeline 5 by internal longitudinal sides. The bottom of the tanks and the power belt are made of a single flexible material imposed on the pipeline pipeline. PCBUs have sufficient strength, rely on the pipeline with wide panels on its significant surface, which ensures uniform load distribution and relatively small specific pressure on the pipeline even with backfill compaction. In addition, PKBU, after performing the function of temporary moving through the trench, remain on the pipeline as ballasting elements.

 The task of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle, such as a brook in a swamp or a ravine, is solved in the method of constructing a lay floor covering an obstacle, and trenches are first torn along the sides of the crossing, for example on the banks of a stream, and soil-filled erosion-proof containers (KP) are laid in them, while the flooring is performed in single or double row with its support on the CP, covered with sheets of technical fabric or non-woven synthetic material (HCM), the flooring and the adjacent berth tractive areas of soil and backfilled cloth layer on the sandy ground design thickness. KP filled with soil are a stable structure, like supports for flooring, since they are massive and stable - they have a significant area of bearing on the ground. In addition, the gearbox is quite elastic and take the form of trays when resting on them lying. At water passages, KPs are screens preventing soil erosion, as well as their thawing during pipeline construction in the North.

 The indicated problem is also solved in the method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle — an overland or overhead pipeline, consisting in the construction of a bridge blocking an overland, overhead pipeline or other extended obstacle with a device for entering and exiting from it, for which support is installed on the sides of the obstacle, relying on them, they arrange a one- or two-row layered flooring, line it with sheets of technical fabric or HCM and pour a layer of sandy soil on the sheets calculated th thickness, used as supports CT that set on each side in a row along the obstacle, the width of a number of poles is not less than the width moving base.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a variant of a technological crossing through a trench with a pipeline laid in it; in FIG. 2 - a variant of a technological crossing through a natural obstacle, for example, through a watercourse on soft soils — a peat deposit; figure 3 is a variant of the process of moving through a land or above-ground pipeline.

 The method according to the first embodiment is as follows. The trench 1 with the pipeline 2 laid in it is covered with a bridge 3, which is created by a hinge on the pipeline 2 laid in the trench 1 of the weighting agent 4 - polymer-container ballasting device (PCBU) or a group of these weighting agents 4 with the subsequent filling of the 5 PCBU containers or containers of their group with backfill soil 6, followed by backfilling of the trench 1 with soil 7 in the section of the hitch to the PKBU pipeline or PKBU groups, the width of PKBU or their group being not less than the width of the relocation base. As weighting agents, PKBU use weighting materials known from the application RU 2002101302 from 01.20.2003 of the same applicant. PKBU is a pipeline weighting agent that contains a pair of tanks symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis and filled with ballasting soil and containers made of flexible material panels connected by a power belt imposed on the pipeline and a pair of flexible external power jumpers attached to the outer corners of rigid flat rectangular frames that form the frame tanks and in contact with the pipeline internal longitudinal sides. The bottom of the containers and the power belt are made of a single flexible material superimposed on the pipeline pipeline passing under the inner longitudinal sides of the flat frames, fixed on their outer longitudinal sides by longitudinal edges with eyes, and equipped with an additional power belt located above the cloth and enveloping the inner longitudinal sides of the flat frames with a lining, the longitudinal edges of which are repeatedly superimposed on the pipeline and connected with an overlap over the upper generatrix of the pipeline, and external power jumpers and made in the form of multilayer tapes, the ends of which are provided with eyes, a double cover plate, a power belt and external power jumpers are fastened in the middle part imposed on the pipeline, and the end walls of the containers are made of partitions sewn into the bottoms of the tanks and hung by their eyes on the transverse ends frames, and for better use of backfill soil, external power jumpers are equipped with additional end walls fastened with them with the possibility of introducing them inside the tanks. PKBU are easily combined into a group of the required width, as a rule, not less than the width of the moving base, which is usually 7.5 m.

 The method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle, for example, a watercourse in a swamp or through a ravine, consists in tearing trenches 10 on the sides of the crossing, for example, on the banks of 7, 8 of the watercourse 9, and placing KP 11 in them. - or double-row with its support on KP 11, cover the flooring 12 with the panels 13 of the technical fabric or HCM and the adjacent coastal sections 14 of soil and pour a layer of sandy soil 15 of the calculated thickness onto the panels 13. The design of the flooring and the power panel is known from the application RU 2003101859 of 03.03.2003 by the same applicant. KP are made of technical fabric, the service life of which in the soil is at least 50 years. Known devices are used as a gearbox (see TU 8397-021-01297858-OP-97).

 KP filled with soil have the form of cylinders with flat bottoms, with a diameter of 1.5-1.9 m and a height of 1.2-1.5 m, respectively, while the height of the KP should not be less than the depth of the trench 10. According to well-known recommendations, they are laid with the support on KP single-row or double-row lay flooring, on which power panels are laid out and temporarily fix them on the lay floor. The power panel is made of durable technical fabric with the estimated tensile strength and elongation, or use NSM. The embankment is poured onto power panels with sandy soil with an estimated embankment layer thickness of usually 15-20 cm.

 In the method of constructing a technological crossing through an extended obstacle — an overland or overhead pipeline 16 — a bridge 17 overlaps the obstacle 16 with the device of entry 18 and exit 19 from it, for which purpose supports 21 are installed on the sides of the obstacle 16 to the surface of the soil 20. single or double row layered flooring 12, is lined with the above-mentioned panels 13 of technical fabric or HCM and a layer of sandy soil 15 of the calculated thickness is poured onto the panels 13. At the same time, CPs are used as supports 21, which are installed on each side along the obstacle 16 in a row, and the width of the row of supports is not less than the width of the leveling base. According to well-known recommendations, a single-row or two-row layered flooring is arranged based on the control panel, on which power panels are laid out and temporarily fixed to the layered floor. The power panel is made of durable technical fabric with a design tensile strength and elongation. The embankment is poured onto power panels with sandy soil with an estimated embankment layer thickness of usually 15–20 cm. Entrance to and exit from the floor deck is carried out according to well-known recommendations or using inventory ramps of known designs.

 Thus, through standardized devices tested during the construction of trunk pipelines, crossings through various obstacles are ensured, ensuring the safety of the pipeline and the necessary stability of the crossing as a transport route.

Claims (3)

1. A method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle, which consists in blocking a trench with a pipeline laid in the bridge, characterized in that the bridge is created with a weighting compound — a polymer-container ballasting device (PCBU) or a group of these weighting materials on the pipeline laid in the trench, followed by filling the containers PKBU weighting agent or their group with backfill soil, moreover, they fill it with a trench with soil in the portion of the weighting agent group or PKBU weighting groups on the pipeline, the width being heavier of Tell or groups is not less than the width of the moving base. 2. The method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle, which consists in laying a block floor covering an obstacle, characterized in that trenches-trenches are first torn off on the sides of the level crossing, and soil-filled permeable anti-erosion containers (KP) are filled vertically into at least one tier in them, and a ground one the flooring is performed in single or double row with its support on the upper bottoms of the KP, they are covered with sheets of technical fabric or non-woven synthetic material (HCM) flooring and adjoining coastal sections of soil and pour a layer of sandy soil of calculated thickness onto the panels. 3. A method of constructing a technological crossing over an obstacle consisting in the construction of a bridge blocking a surface, elevated pipeline or similar extended obstacle with a device for entry and exit from the bridge, characterized in that on the sides of the obstacle, soil-filled vertically are installed on at least one tier vertically in at least one tier permeable anti-erosion containers (KP), and the lay flooring is performed in one or two rows with its support on the upper bottoms of the KP, they are covered with NSM or technical sheets They lay the flooring on the fabric and pour a layer of sandy soil of the calculated thickness on the panels, moreover, the CP is set on each side in a row along the obstacle, while the width of the row of supports is not less than the width of the base of the level crossing.

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