RU2221177C2 - Device to protect objects from impact loads - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of protection of objects from impact loads, namely, to shock absorbers. Proposed device contains base, cross-shaped energy absorbing member, two relatively perpendicular clamps with lugs, knife-edge support and rod. One of rod is hinge connected with object to protected, and other end, with one of clamps coupled with cross-shaped energy absorbing member. Second clamp couples energy absorbing member with base. Energy absorbing member is made in form of two pairs of torsion bars manufactured of plastic material, arranged in crosswise manner and rigidly secured by some ends to lugs of clamps and by other ends to knife-edge support installed in center on energy absorbing member and provided with cylindrical surfaces on end faces whose generating lines are parallel to axes of corresponding clamps being in contact with their inner surfaces. EFFECT: improved efficiency of suppression of impact loads. 6 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to means of protecting objects from shock loads - shock absorbers, the principle of which is based on the use of plastic deformation of the material, and can be used to protect electronic equipment, devices and other equipment.

 Known elastic devices for protection against shock loads acting in space or in the plane of placement of the protected object [1, 2, 3], however, due to the small dispersion of energy, the effectiveness of such shock absorbers is relatively low.

 Also known are devices for protection against shock loads, the energy absorption of which is ensured by the irreversibility of the process of twisting the material of the rod working elements beyond the yield strength [4, 5], however, their field of application is significantly limited by their one-sided action.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a device [6], comprising a housing, a rod located inside the housing and connected to its base by means of an elastic element in the form of at least one flat cruciform spring and brackets installed mutually perpendicular to the planes, one on the base, the other on the other end of the stem, and connected by paws to a cruciform spring. The main disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of shock absorption, due to the low energy absorption during deformation of an elastic flat cruciform spring.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of damping shock loads.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the cross-shaped energy-absorbing element is made in the form of two torsions of plastic material located in mutually perpendicular planes, rigidly fastened at one end with the tabs of the brackets, and the other with a prism mounted in the center of the element and having cylindrical surfaces at its ends, the generators of which are parallel to the axes of the respective brackets in contact with them along their internal surfaces.

 The essence of the design of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2 shows a device in its initial position, a front view, FIG. 3 a left view, FIG. 4 a top view, FIG. 5 and 6 show a section through the device in a deformed state when a load is applied in the axes of the torsion bars 7 and 8, respectively.

 This device contains a base 1 (Fig.1-3), intended for fastening to the building envelope, a rod 2, one end of which is equipped with a spherical head 3, designed for articulating the shock-absorbing object, and at the other end of the rod 2 in a plane perpendicular to the first bracket formed by the base 1 and legs 5, the bracket 4 is rigidly mounted, and the legs 5 of the base 1 and 6 of the brackets 4 are located towards each other, and a cross-shaped energy-absorbing element made in the form of two pairs of torsion bars 7 and 8 of plastic material a, the torsion bars of the pairs are located along the rays of the cross-shaped element and at one end are rigidly connected to the tabs 5 and 6 of the brackets 1 and 4, and the other with a prism 9 installed in the center of the cross-shaped element and having cylindrical surfaces 10 and 11 at their ends in contact with the inner surface corresponding brackets 1 and 4 and having generators parallel to the longitudinal axes of these brackets. To facilitate their manufacture and assembly of the device, tabs 12, 13 are installed on the tabs 5 and 6, covering the torsion bar mounting sockets.

 The manufacture and assembly of the device is carried out by conventional known methods. The tabs 5 and 6 can be made separately and secured with screws 14, 15.

 When the load is applied to the spherical head 3 in the plane of the axes of the torsion bars 7 (see Fig. 5), the bracket 4 rotates around an axis passing through the axis of the torsion bars 8 and the ends of the torsion bars 8 connected to the prism 9 are twisted relative to other ends, rigidly staples 4 connected to the legs 6. In this case, the bracket 4 slides along the cylindrical surface 11 of the prism 9 with its inner surface, thereby eliminating the bending of the torsion bars 8. Plastic deformation of the torsion bar material 8 is ensured by the choice of the ratio of the torsion diameter to diameter the eyes, the length and the choice of material torsion.

 When the load is applied to the spherical head 3 in the plane of the axes of the torsion bars 8 (see Fig. 6), the prism 9 rotates around an axis passing through the axis of the torsion bars 7 and the ends of the torsion bars 7 connected to the prism 9 are twisted relative to other ends staples connected to tabs 5 1. In this case, prism 9 slides along its inner surface 10 along the inner surface of staple 1, thereby eliminating the bending of torsion bars 7. An appropriate choice of the length, diameter and material of torsion bar 7 ensures deformation (torsion) of the mat torsion series 7 in the plastic region of the deformation diagram even at small rotation angles. The process of plastic deformation of the material of the torsion bars 7 and 8 provides the dissipation of the energy of the impact.

 When the load is applied at any angle to the planes of the axes of the torsion bars 7, 8, both pairs of torsion bars will be deformed (twisted) at the same time.

 The positive effect of the proposed device compared to the prototype is to increase the efficiency of shock absorption by ensuring a power characteristic close to optimal (such as "dry friction") for shock protection, an increase in the specific energy absorption of the device and its operation when the load is applied in a plane parallel to the base 1. This is achieved through the use of two pairs of torsion bars 7 and 8, made of plastic material, mounted mutually perpendicularly using special prism 9 and staples 1 and 4, and working independently of each other. The independence of the operation of pairs of torsion bars from each other and the exclusion of bending deformations of the torsion bars ensures the stability of the power characteristics of the device. In this case, the specific energy absorption and specific energy consumption of the device can be changed by choosing the appropriate geometric dimensions and material of the torsion bars. In addition, additional energy absorption is provided due to sliding friction of the inner surfaces of the brackets 1 and 4 along the corresponding cylindrical surfaces 10 and 11 of the prism 9, and when installing torsion bars with compression (for example, by making holes in the prism 9 not in the center, but with an offset of side of the cylindrical surface in contact with the bracket 1), the magnitude of this additional energy absorption can be significant.

 The proposed design, with its relative simplicity and compactness, is reliable in operation and can be used to protect electronic equipment and other equipment from impact loads.

Sources of information
1. USSR copyright certificate 241157, 1969

 2. Copyright certificate of the USSR 247728, 1969

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR 267264, 1970

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR 912973, 1980

 5. Copyright certificate of the USSR 91680, 1980

 6. USSR author's certificate 1583678 of 08/07/90, "Device for protecting objects from shock", F 16 F 13/00.

Claims (1)

A device for protecting objects from impact, containing a base, a rod, one end of which has a hinge for communication with a shock-absorbing object, and a cross-shaped energy-absorbing element connected to the base and the rod by means of brackets installed in mutually perpendicular planes, one on the base and the other - at the other end of the rod, and connected by paws with an energy absorbing element, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of shock absorption, a cross-shaped energy absorbing element is made in the form of two pairs of torsions made of plastic material located along the rays of a cross-shaped energy-absorbing element, rigidly fastened at one end with tabs of brackets, and the other with a prism mounted in the center of the energy-absorbing element and having cylindrical surfaces at its ends, the generatrices of which are parallel to the axes of the respective brackets, being in contact with them on their inner surfaces.

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