RU2288331C2 - Composite system including framed structure formed of light-weight prefabricated components - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly to erect composite residential buildings.

SUBSTANCE: composite system comprises spaced apart inner dividing walls, which define flat modules and adapted to support flooring slabs. The system also has walling provided with upper girder and adapted to form earthquake resistant horizontal connections. Distances between above dividing walls are spanned with floor and roof slabs, which define solid surface. The system includes portal structures and stiffening members. The system has depressions adapted to be filled with shrink-resistant material and connection units.

EFFECT: improved horizontality of solid surface connections, vertical reinforcement continuity and seismic resistance, as well as increased economy.

12 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a complete system with a frame structure containing ready-made lightweight components.

As is known, various systems are used for the construction of prefabricated residential buildings, which can be divided into two categories: frame systems and systems with load-bearing plates.

Frame systems by means of beams, supports and floors form the structural frame of the building, which then must be finally completed at the construction site by pouring and curing the enclosing panels, partitions and connecting floors. In this sense, frame systems are not "completed", since the factory production has to be combined with the final work on the construction site.

In structures with load-bearing panels, the external and internal walls support the overlap and create a box-like structure forming the room module; The disadvantage of this design is that it is impossible to change the layout of one floor in relation to another, and therefore, it is impossible to design the first floor on columns and in the underground garage, when required.

In addition, although it is possible to carry out full factory manufacturing, concrete load-bearing elements make the structure heavy and, therefore, uneconomical, especially in countries where the cost of materials is a significant part of the final cost and significantly exceeds labor costs.

The purpose of the present invention is to develop a complete system with a frame structure that contains ready-made lightweight components and is free from the above disadvantages.

To achieve this goal, a complete system with a frame structure is proposed, containing ready-made lightweight components, including: internal partitions installed at a distance from each other to support floors with the formation of apartment modules; enclosing panels; floor and roof ceilings to overlap the spans between these partitions with the formation of a rigid surface, as well as portal supports and stiffeners, while horizontal joints of the specified rigid surface and the continuity of vertical reinforcement is achieved by introducing low-shrink material into the recesses provided in these light components, as well as by connecting devices, and in these enclosing panels there is an upper beam for forming horizontal seismic resistant joints, while the enclosing panel, which is characterized by the presence of hollow tubular vertical ventilation elements and continuous insulation, includes an upper beam, which lies at the level of the aforementioned partition on its end support.

Said inner partition may consist of a flat frame formed by two end supports and an upper beam, and walls with vertical mass-decreasing channels formed by tubular formwork, which are elastically compressed to remove them.

Said end supports and walls with mass-decreasing channels preferably have dimensions that can be installed in accordance with static requirements, while the end supports contain a shell which, when injected, ensures the continuity of the reinforcement in the vertical direction.

The connection node between the partition and the enclosing panels can be formed by inserting a vertical rod that enters the shell in the specified partition and forms a connection with loops protruding from the upper beam.

The overlap can be made of a prestressed element with an adjustable width, while the lower surface of the overlap forms a rigid surface, and the upper surface of the overlap forms a surface for walking together with prefabricated panels that lie between two elements that form a sequence of channels that can be used for electrical wiring and other equipment.

Overlapping can be attached to the partition without additional pouring, and by means of mechanical connections and, on the line connecting two elements, by means of welded joints.

The proposed system preferably includes a roof made of elements previously made waterproof and insulated, and having a rigid inner surface forming the ceiling of the upper floor, while the outer surface of the roof is made of waterproof concrete and has an inclined section in the longitudinal direction to create air space, and also equipped with ventilation openings for the inlet of air having an ambient temperature, and the release of heated air on the ridge for both ventilation, and the roof is made of monoblock elements adjacent to each other or alternating with roofing panels, and is able to withstand tornadoes and tornadoes.

The specified portal preferably consists of pylons of variable size, forming a "knife" supports, which directly absorb the load from the upper floors and which, with the help of the upper protrusion, support a connecting beam with an inverted T-shaped section, bearing the floor.

The specified stiffener can be made of partitions that form stairwells or shafts for elevators and in which at least part of the channels are made through to accommodate a vertical reinforcing cage, which runs continuously from overlapping to overlapping, and the partitions are interconnected by inserting a rod into loops.

The system may also include a bathroom module containing a fully equipped bathroom, equipped and finished and made of a concrete element, completely closed on six sides and self-supporting, with a compartment for storing things between its upper surface and the lower surface of the ceiling.

The system may also include a ladder statically independent of the building structure and containing a tubular structure provided with steps protruding from it, inside which the elevator can be installed, also at a later stage, while the three interfloor elements are mounted on top of one another and are connected by means of reinforcing elements shell.

The indicated connecting devices in the proposed system can be formed without making holes in the formwork, and by placing removable magnetic elements in some place that hold the loop rolled inside them and, after extraction, pull these loops from the wall.

Essentially, firstly, it should be noted that in the system according to the invention, walls are used that define the apartment module, and not the room module; the walls are prefabricated and include a frame structure and a light interior area with the goal of reducing weight as much as possible, with channels that can also be used. In addition to the fact that the floors are extremely light, inside they can have channels for wiring and other equipment associated with vertical channels in the walls. All components are ready-made, and during assembly no filling work is required at the construction site, and only injections of the mortar are necessary. The system is prefabricated in the sense that the building is 100% built from ready-made lightweight prefabricated components, while maintaining the main advantages of frame structures and the completeness of structures from load-bearing panels, but without the disadvantages of these two structures; therefore, the system is lightweight, economical, versatile and competitive, both for standard single-family homes and for buildings with more than 20 floors.

Further advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, where:

- figure 1 shows a perspective view with a partial section for a complete system with ready-made lightweight components, made according to the present invention;

- figure 2 shows the wall bearing the floor, called the partition, in the system according to the present invention;

- figure 3 shows the enclosing panel in the system according to the present invention;

- figure 4 shows the overlap in the system according to the present invention;

- figure 5 shows the roofing in the system according to the present invention;

- Fig.6, 6A, 7, 7A shows a modification of the roofing in the system according to the present invention by means of a flat front panel that hides the inclination of the roof;

- on Fig and 9 shows the elements of beams and supports forming a portal frame in the system according to the present invention;

- figure 10 shows the stiffener in the system according to the present invention;

- figure 11 shows the module of the bathroom in the system according to the present invention;

- Fig. 12 shows a ladder in a system according to the present invention;

- Fig.13-15 shows a device used to create stiffeners by connecting several partitions and to create earthquake-resistant joints in the system according to the present invention;

- Fig.16 shows a cross section of the stairs in the system according to the present invention; and

- Fig.17 shows a perspective view with exploded parts for a building structure made using the system according to the present invention.

According to the drawings, a prefabricated system with a frame structure containing ready-made lightweight components according to the invention includes, firstly, a component 11, called a partition.

The internal partitions 11, installed to support the overlap at intervals corresponding to the apartment modules, are cast in vertical formwork with the formation of two finished outer surfaces; the partition consists of a flat frame formed by two end supports 12 and an upper beam 13, as well as a light wall with vertical channels 14, obtained by means of special tubular formwork, which are elastically compressed when removed.

Flat columns or supports 12 have dimensions corresponding to the required static loads and comprise a shell (sheet metal pipe) 15 that is injected. Injection provides load distribution from floor to floor and vertical continuity of reinforcing bars inserted one above the other. The pipes forming the channels 14, reducing the mass, can be placed in the required places and have fixed and uniform sizes. They can also be used to form continuous vertical ducts for electrical wiring, ventilation and smoke exhaust, and to provide vertical structural continuity with continuous fittings.

Partitions allow you to create walls with different total thickness for different loads, due to the different number of floors (just for example: 15, 20, 25 cm for channels 10 × 55 cm).

Another component of the system according to the present invention is the enclosing panel 16 shown in Fig.3.

It is made with continuous (continuous) thermal insulation, using one fixed and one movable support, with stainless steel connectors that release the outer wall supported by the internal load-bearing wall, with hollow internal ventilation pipes that prevent moisture condensation inside the room in winter, and in the summer they warn of an increase in indoor temperature due to solar radiation.

The panel has an upper beam 17, which is located at the level of the partition 11 and rests on its end support 12.

The upper beam 17 performs the functions of:

- earthquake-resistant connecting beam;

- beams supporting the external front wall, which may be continuous, have windows or be absent;

- assembly template for the overlying partition;

- fixing the partition directly at the assembly stage;

- stiffening the enclosing panel, which can cover spans of up to 10 m, with a minimum thickness of concrete.

The partition-wall connection unit - the enclosing panel is formed by inserting a vertical rod 18, which enters the shell 15 of the partition 11 and passes through the stainless steel loop 19, so that there is no need to make holes in the formwork, while the cables forming the loop come out of the upper beam 17 .

Further injection:

- provides an earthquake-resistant connection that transfers the load from the connection to the stiffener;

- at the same time ensures continuity of reinforcement in the vertical direction;

- guarantees the distribution of vertical loads while providing a seal that allows the injected mortar to reach the supporting surface.

Another component of the system according to the invention is the overlap element 20 shown in FIG.

This ceiling, covering a large span (up to 10 m), is made of prestressed material, with an adjustable width and length. Finally, it is formed on the construction site using panels 21 that are installed between two elements 22, thus forming a sequence of channels 23 that can be used for wiring, as well as other equipment. Since the flooring statics are independent of the panels 21, they can be installed after construction is completed, and can also be subsequently removed.

The horizontal channel in the ceiling can be made not only using polystyrene blocks, but, similarly to the wall channels, by means of a special tubular formwork, which is elastically compressed to remove it, as in partitions.

The horizontal channels in the ceiling are connected to the vertical channels in the partitions, which allows for the installation of electrical wiring and other equipment in both horizontal and vertical directions.

The ceilings are not attached to the partition by conventional cement pouring on the construction site, but by means of mechanical connection 40 (Fig. 1), although one, two or three welded joints 24 can be made on the connection line of two floor elements, as a result of which the lower surface of the floor forms a rigid horizontal surface.

Panel 21, which is independent of the floor statics, can be installed at the end of the assembly, and subsequently can be raised like a hatch, providing access to electrical wiring and other equipment, or can be completely removed to form, for example, a container with ground at the floor level .

The ceiling and panels can have a finished surface, which, after installing the ceiling, forms the finished floor of the house, or the ceiling can be used as a base for laying self-leveling material, which is then applied with a soundproofing layer, and then glued tiles, carpet, linoleum, etc. to form a dry flooring.

Figure 5 shows the roofing 25 used in the prefabricated system according to the invention.

This element has a flat bottom surface forming the ceiling of the last floor, while its outer surface is formed by a covering plate with a longitudinal and transverse slope of 15%, which ensures:

- air space between the inner slab and the roof slab, providing thermal inertia;

- a well-insulated roof, where the insulation layer is factory-laid on the ceiling panel and wrapped over tiled ribs to eliminate thermal bridges;

- a roof with slopes, which is made of concrete with high water resistance, which does not require the use of any additional waterproof layer;

- a roof with the possibility of installing a false ceiling from the side of the inner surface of the roof between the tiles, which can be raised for access and inspection of airspace;

- a roof that is resistant to tornadoes and tornadoes, because it does not contain lightweight elements;

- a roof with ventilation, like walls, by using a slope of 15%.

Ventilation is provided through two air intake vents with grilles at the level of waterproofing joints and two ventilation holes with grilles to release air on the roof ridge.

- And finally, the roof, which is ready and can be installed in a short time, which ensures maximum construction speed.

In addition, an end member 41 may be provided having a flat front panel that conceals an inclined ventilated roof, as shown in FIG. 7.

Figures 8 through 9 show partial views of the portal frame structure 26 used in the system of the present invention.

It consists of pylons 51 with protrusions supporting the connecting beam 50 of an inverted T-shaped section, so that a portal is formed where the beam supports the overlap, and the pylons directly absorb the load transmitted by the flat supports of the upper floor partitions.

A pylon with a protrusion is characterized by one fixed and one variable size, which allows one to obtain also “knife” pylons with dimensions, for example, from a minimum section of 25 × 40 cm to a section of 40 × 60 cm or 25 × 200 cm.

This is very convenient when the first floor should be located on columns, or a garage is located under the building, or the first floor is of such a height that makes it impossible to transport partitions and enclosing panels.

Figure 10 shows the stiffening element 27, consisting of partitions that form the stairwell or shaft for the elevator.

Some of the channels in the partitions can be through to accommodate the vertical reinforcing cage 28, which runs continuously from floor to floor.

The partitions are interconnected by introducing the rods 18 into the protruding loops 19 of the steel wire rope, followed by injection of mortar, as for the upper beam of the panels.

11 shows a bathroom module 29 in a system according to the present invention.

The module 29 of the bathroom contains a fully equipped bathroom to ensure full factory production of system components. The module is made of a concrete element, completely closed on six sides and self-supporting, but capable of playing the role of a stiffening element for one-story structures during their assembly. The fact that it has a lower height means that in the upper part, between the module and the ceiling, you can arrange a compartment for storing things.

12 shows a staircase 30 making the system fully prefabricated.

The staircase 30 contains three prefabricated elements mounted on top of each other, consisting of a tubular structure with steps protruding from it, which forms the supporting element of the staircase and inside which the elevator can also be installed when removing the floor slab.

Three interfloor elements are installed one on top of the other and are combined by introducing reinforcement having a shell, as for partitions.

In this way, a staircase block 30 with stairwells is formed, which can be installed from the inside or outside of the building and which is completely independent in terms of statics.

Stairs can be made with finished risers and steps, so that after installing the component, no additional work is required.

In the earthquake-resistant frame construction according to the invention, horizontal hard-overlap joints, continuity of vertical reinforcement and stiffeners are formed without additional cement pouring at the construction site, but simply by injecting the mortar at predetermined points and by connecting devices 31 formed by stainless steel loops.

These connecting devices are made by inserting retrievable magnetic elements into the formwork, which are pulled from the wall, at necessary intervals, loop 19 made of stainless steel cable, which does not require holes in the side and, due to the flexibility of the loop, makes it easy to install during assembly two adjacent walls.

In the manufacturing process, the magnetic element that holds the loop is located in a semicircular recess, which allows, after inserting the reinforcing bar 18 on the construction site, to inject low-shrink mortar from above into the recess 32.

While the vertical reinforcement, continuously extending, provides continuity in the vertical direction, protruding loops provide both an isolated joint of the walls that form an earthquake-resistant structure, and joints in the upper beam of the enclosing panels.

To ensure quick assembly, regardless of weather conditions, a frame with earthquake-resistant joints is formed by simple injection of a mortar and, therefore, without the need for pouring a cement mixture on a construction site, ensuring the construction of a finished building.

Finally, FIG. 17 shows an exploded perspective view of a structure, generally indicated at 100, and manufactured using the system of the present invention.

From the above description, it is clear how the characteristics of a complete system made according to the present invention and containing ready-made light components, and its advantages.

In addition, it is understood that numerous changes are possible in this prefabricated system with a frame structure containing finished lightweight components within the scope of the present invention.

In the practical use of the present invention, the materials, shape and dimensions of the illustrated parts can be any, depending on the specific requirements, in addition, these parts can be replaced by their technical equivalents.

The scope of the invention is defined by the attached claims.

Claims (12)

1. A prefabricated system with a frame structure, containing ready-made lightweight components, including internal partitions (11), installed at a distance from each other to support the floors with the formation of apartment modules, enclosing panels (16), floor (22) and roof (25) floors for overlapping spans between these partitions with the formation of a rigid surface, as well as portal supports (26) and stiffening elements (27), while the horizontal joints of the specified rigid surface and the continuity of the vertical reinforcement ers are achieved by introducing low-shrink material into the recesses (32) provided in the indicated light components, as well as by means of connecting devices (31), characterized in that in the said enclosing panels (16) there is an upper beam (17) for forming horizontal earthquake-resistant joints, the enclosing panel (16), which is characterized by the presence of hollow tubular vertical ventilation elements and continuous insulation, includes an upper beam (17), which lies at the level of the aforementioned partition (11) on its tsevoy support (12). 2. A complete system according to claim 1, characterized in that said internal partition (11) consists of a flat frame formed by two end supports (12) and an upper beam (13), and walls with vertical mass-reducing channels (14) formed by means of tubular formwork, which are elastically compressed to remove them. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that said end supports (12) and walls with mass-reducing channels (14) have dimensions that can be installed in accordance with static requirements, while the end supports contain a shell (15), which when it is injected, provides continuity of reinforcement in the vertical direction. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection node between the partition and the enclosing panels is formed by inserting a vertical rod (18), which enters the shell (15) in the specified partition (11) and forms a connection with loops (19), protruding from the upper beam (17). 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceiling (20) is made of a prestressed element with an adjustable width, while the lower surface of the floor forms a rigid surface, and the upper surface of the floor forms a surface for walking together with prefabricated panels (21) that lie between two elements (22) that form a sequence of channels (23) that can be used for wiring and other equipment. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the floors (20) are attached to the partition without additional pouring, and by means of mechanical connections (40), and on the connection line of two elements (22) - by means of welded joints (24). 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a roof (25) made of elements previously made waterproof and insulated, and having a rigid inner surface forming the ceiling of the upper floor, while the outer surface of the roof is made of waterproof concrete and has an oblique cross section in the longitudinal direction to create air space, and is also equipped with ventilation openings for the inlet of air having an ambient temperature and the release of heated air on the ridge I ventilation, wherein the roof is made of single-block elements adjacent to each other or alternating with roofing panels and is able to withstand tornadoes and whirlwinds. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said portal support (26) consists of pylons of variable size, forming "knife" supports, which directly absorb the load from the upper floors and which support the connecting beam using the upper protrusion (51) ( 50) with an inverted T-shaped section, bearing a ceiling (20). 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said stiffening element (27) is made of partitions that form stairwells or elevator shafts and in which at least part of the channels are made through to accommodate a vertical reinforcing cage (28) , which runs continuously from overlapping to overlapping, and the partitions are interconnected by inserting the rod (18) into the hinges (19). 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a module (29) of the bathroom, containing a fully equipped bathroom, equipped and finished, and made of a concrete element, completely closed on six sides and self-supporting, with a storage compartment between its upper surface and the lower surface of the ceiling. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a ladder (30), statically independent of the building structure and comprising a tubular structure provided with steps protruding from it, inside which the elevator can be installed, also at a later stage, while Three interfloor elements are installed one on top of the other and are combined by introducing reinforcement into the shell. 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said connecting devices (31) are formed without making holes in the formwork, and by placing removable magnetic elements in some place that hold the loop coiled inside them and, after extraction, pull out these loops ( 19) from the wall.

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