RU2285201C2 - Device for pyrolyisis of wood waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises furnace, heating chamber, plate, vertical removable retort tightly mounted on the plate for permitting pyrolytic gases to be discharged in the bottom section of the retort, and gas duct for supplying gases to the furnace. The plate is made of heat-resistant material and has opening that receives unmovable device for discharging pyrolytic gases to the gas duct. The plate is provided with gate valve made of a heat-resistant loose material . The retort is tightly mounted on the valve gate. The device for discharging the pyrolytic gases is made of a section or two sections of a pipe. The plate is made of a heat-resistant steel.

EFFECT: improved environmental protection.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for the pyrolysis of wood waste, wood and can be used for the production of charcoal.

A device for pyrolysis of wood is known, including a furnace, heating chambers and vertical extraction retorts with openings for the exit of pyrolysis gases in the lower part of the retort (RU No. 1790209, C 10 V 53/02).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide tightness, since during the pyrolysis of wood pyrolysis gases leak, through the openings of the combustion device, channel or heat pipe and chimney they enter the atmosphere.

A device for pyrolysis of household waste is known, including a furnace, a heating chamber and vertical extraction retorts with the possibility of pyrolysis gases leaving the bottom of the vertical extraction retort, equipped with cast-iron plates on which the retorts are tightly mounted, and flues to the furnace (RU No. 2164239, C 10 V 1/04, F 23 G 5/00, prototype).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not ensure the tightness of the structure, since when operating a cast iron plate under thermal cyclic conditions, cast iron becomes brittle in its mechanical properties and does not ensure the tightness of the process of passage of pyrolysis gases (hereinafter referred to as pyrogases) from a vertical extraction retort to the flue . In other words, each time a cold vertical extraction retort is placed on a hot cast iron plate, cracks form in it and the pyrogases exiting through them fall directly from the vertical extraction retort into the heating chamber and then enter the atmosphere through an opening in the wall of the heating chamber, which leads to pollution the environment.

The design of the proposed device is devoid of the above disadvantages and differs from the prototype in that it provides environmental cleanliness in the process of pyrolysis of wood waste, wood: preventing the release of pyrogases into the atmosphere by eliminating the leakage of pyrogases into the heating chamber.

A device for pyrolysis of wood waste is proposed, including a firebox, a heating chamber and a vertical extraction retort with the possibility of pyrogas exiting at the bottom of the retort, equipped with a stove and a flue to the firebox, while the stove is made of heat-resistant material and made with an opening in which the device is installed and rigidly fixed for the removal of pyrogas into the flue, and on the stove there is a structure made of heat-resistant bulk material on which a retort is tightly mounted.

Moreover, the device for removing pyrogas is made in the form of a section or two sections of a pipe, and the plate is made of heat-resistant steel.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a device for the pyrolysis of wood waste in section AA, figure 2 is a diagram of a device for pyrolysis of wood waste, top view.

A device for the pyrolysis of wood waste consists of a vertical removable retort 1, a heating chamber 2 and a furnace 3.

The vertical withdrawal retort 1 (hereinafter referred to as the retort) is provided at the bottom with a removable bottom 4 with openings for the exit of the pyrogas.

In the arch of the heating chamber 2 there is a mounting hole 5 provided with a cover 6, which is installed in the seal 7 of heat-resistant granular material, for example sand, in the heating chamber 2. In the outer wall of the heating chamber 2 there is an outlet 8 provided with an exit device hot air into the atmosphere (not shown in FIG.), and in the inside, an inlet 9 for the intake of hot air from the furnace 3 into the heating chamber 2.

A plate 10 made of heat-resistant material, such as heat-resistant steel, on which a structure 11 of heat-resistant bulk material, such as sand, on which retort 1 is tightly mounted, is mounted on a heating chamber 2, structure 11 is a gas shutter and prevents gas leakage through gaps between the plate 10 and the retort 1. The plate 10 is made with a hole in which the device for removing the pyrogases 12 is installed and rigidly fixed, made in the form of a section or two sections of the pipe.

The removal of the pyrogas from the retort 1 to the furnace 3 is carried out through the device for removing the pyrogas 12 and the gas duct 13, which is located in the masonry of the hearth of the heating chamber 2 and is made rectilinear, with one end going into the furnace 3 and the other under the device for removing the pyrogas 12 .

The furnace 3 is adjacent to the walls of the heating chambers 2 and is equipped with a loading hatch 14.

A device for pyrolysis of wood waste works as follows.

Retort 1 with removed removable bottom 4 is loaded with wood waste or wood. After that, the retort 1 is filled with boot material, such as wood waste or wood, and the retort 1 is closed with a removable bottom 4 and, through the installation hole 5 of the roof of the heating chamber 2, the retort 1 is installed in the heating chamber 2, while it is hermetically sealed with the lower edge in the structure 11 and on the plate 10 Then the installation hole 5 is sealed by a cover 6, placing it in the seal 7.

Fuel is loaded into the furnace 3, for example firewood, through the hatch 14.

Flue gases from the furnace 3, having a temperature of 800-850 ° C, through the inlet 9 enter the heating chamber 2 and heat the feed material, such as wood waste, wood located in the retort 1. Under the influence of the heat of the flue gases, the feed material is dried, and then the formation of charcoal, pyrolysis gases and water vapor. Water vapor and pyrolysis gases through the openings of the removable bottom 4, enter the device for removing pyrogas 12, then into the gas duct 13 with their subsequent disposal in the furnace 3. Water vapor together with flue gases from the heating chamber 2 through the outlet 8 are removed outside the proposed device for the pyrolysis of wood waste, and the pyrolysis gases entering the furnace 3 are completely burnt at temperatures above 1100-1200 ° C, thereby providing a device for the pyrolysis of wood waste with additional heat.

After the pyrolysis of the boot material in the retort 1 is completed, the lid 6 is removed, the retort 1 is removed from the heating chamber 2 through the mounting hole 5 for cooling, followed by unloading of charcoal from it.

In the process of pyrolysis of wood waste or wood, the installation hole 5 of the roof of the heating chamber 2 is hermetically closed by a lid 6.

The number of heating chambers 2, mounting holes 5 and retorts 1, as well as the capacity of the retorts 1 can be different, this is determined and selected depending on the required performance of the proposed device for the pyrolysis of wood waste and its transportation, because a device for the pyrolysis of wood waste can be stationary and is installed both on the chassis of the car and on another transport means.

Thus, the advantages of our device in comparison with the prototype is that when using the proposed device for the pyrolysis of wood waste in the process of burning wood or wood waste harmful gases do not enter the atmosphere, i.e. Ecological purity of the process of processing wood, wood waste into charcoal is ensured.

Claims (3)

1. A device for the pyrolysis of wood waste, including a furnace, a heating chamber and a vertical extraction retort with the possibility of pyrogas exit at the bottom of the retort, equipped with a stove on which the retort is tightly mounted, and a gas duct to the furnace, characterized in that the stove is made of heat-resistant material and made with an opening in which a device for removing pyrogases into the gas duct is installed and rigidly fixed, and a shutter made of heat-resistant bulk material, on which a retort is tightly mounted, is made on the stove. 2. A device for the pyrolysis of wood waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate is made of heat-resistant steel. 3. A device for the pyrolysis of wood waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for removing pyrogases is made in the form of a pipe section or two pipe sections.

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