RU2273726C1 - Formation exposing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry, particularly for formation opening.

SUBSTANCE: method involves accelerating throwable member with the use of gun by throwing charge explosion initiation; discharging throwable member from perforator barrel to rock to be perforated in predetermined direction by applying throwing charge explosion product pressure to throwable member and providing throwable member movement in rock to be perforated. Serially combined gun-and-jet acceleration of throwable member is used. Perforator barrel includes a number of sections inserted one into another. Through orifices are formed in throwable member and/or in perforator barrel. Gas-generator is used as the throwing charge. The gas-generator provides gun-and-jet acceleration of throwable member by high-temperature supersonic high-pressure gas discharge in area located immediately in front of throwable member to create perforation channel in rock. The supersonic high-pressure gas is also discharged into perforator barrel to move it right after throwable member into the perforation channel.

EFFECT: increased perforation efficiency.

10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry, and in particular to methods of re-opening the reservoir, and can be used, in particular, to increase the efficiency of oil production. A known analogue of the proposed method of thermodynamic perforation, [1] (RU No. 2077660 dated 04/20/97. MKI E 21 V 43/114), in which a fuel charge is burned to produce a supersonic high-temperature jet, directs the jet to the obstacle, and the cavity is formed in perforated array - casing, annular cement stone and the adjacent area of the reservoir, which coincides with the essential features of the proposed method. After that, in a known method, the cavity is purged and a porous filter coating is applied to its surface based on the combustion products of a solid fuel charge. Then the resulting cavity is used to enter the cutter, lowered on the drill pipe in order to drill the second barrel.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process, its high duration, high specific energy consumption of the process, respectively, reduced reliability, insufficient depth of perforation, a small increase in well productivity and, consequently, lack of economic efficiency.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is the method of bullet perforation of the well [2] (RU No. 2195547, MKI E 21 V 43/116), adopted as a prototype, in which they initiate an explosion of a throwing charge, a missile element is shot from the perforator barrel into a perforated array by a given direction using the pressure exerted on the throwing element by the products of the explosion of the throwing charge, while promoting the throwing element in the perforated array, which coincides with the essential features of the proposed device.

In this case, the trajectories of the bullets in the nozzle holes in the area of the reservoir are changed.

The essence of the prototype method is that bullets are fired at the wellhead along the string. At the level of the reservoir, a nozzle is installed, in the curved channels of which the bullet path is bent, directing them sideways to break through the perforation channels in the column, cement ring and reservoir. However, the depth of the punched channels is small, which reduces the effectiveness of the known method, limits the possibility of reuse of used oil wells, which reduces the functional flexibility of the prototype, increases the cost of the extracted raw materials, reduces the environmental friendliness of the process. Accordingly, increasing the productivity of wells per unit of time, material and energy resources is insufficient. This is the main disadvantage of the prototype method.

So, the disadvantage of the prototype method [2] is the deterioration of the following characteristics:

- depth of perforation;

- effectiveness;

- environmental friendliness;

- profitability;

- cost;

- functional flexibility.

Accordingly, the required technical result of the proposed method consists in eliminating the above disadvantages.

The aim of the invention is to increase the depth of perforation, to increase the productivity of wells, reduce the complexity, the complexity of the process, its duration, specific energy consumption of the process, respectively, increase its reliability, and, accordingly, increase economic efficiency.

This goal is achieved by combining the principles of cannon (bullet) and rocket (high-temperature gas-dynamic) perforation.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a diagram of a device that implements the proposed method of opening the layers:

figure 1 - punch in the initial position;

figure 2 - perforator after firing.

Figure 1 and 2 used the following conventions of the constituent elements:

1 - well;

2 - casing;

3 - perforated array;

4 - gas generating unit;

5 - missile element (ME);

6 - telescopic barrel;

7 - section of the telescopic barrel;

8 - gas outlet channel;

9 - flow of exhaust gas;

10 - gas lubrication;

11 - channel in a perforated array.

It should be noted that the essence of the proposed method according to claim 1 of the formula can be implemented in the form of various devices. Therefore, the possibility of implementing the method in the form of a specific device in the application materials is shown by the example of a telescopic structure presented in paragraph 3 of the formula.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a device that implements the proposed method (according to claim 3 of the formula), where it is shown that the device that implements the proposed method, in its initial state, contains a telescopic barrel 6, sections 7 of which are embedded one into another; The barrel 6 is placed inside the well 1 (perpendicular to its axis), limited by the casing 2, surrounded by an array of rocks 3, subjected to perforation. In the barrel 6 behind the propelling element (ME) 5 is placed a gas generator 4. After the shot, as shown in FIG. 1B, sections 7 of the barrel 6 are telescopically moved apart by the pressure of the explosion products (forming the flow of exhaust gas 9) released during the operation of the gas generator 4. These products exit through the gas outlet channels 8 in the missile element 5. The gas stream 9 enters the area in front of the frontal part of the ME, flows around the ME 5 and sections of the barrel 6, forming a layer of gas lubricant 10 in the contact zone of the perforated array 3 with the ME 5 and sections 7 of the barrel 6.

To eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, a method for opening the formations is proposed, in which they initiate an explosion of a throwing charge, a missile element is shot from the barrel of a perforator into a perforated array in a given direction using the pressure exerted on the throwing element by products of an explosion of a throwing charge, while promoting the propelling element in the perforated array , which coincides with the essential features of the prototype.

Moreover, a sequentially combined cannon-rocket acceleration of the missile element is used, in which the perforator barrel is made in the form of sections telescopically nested into each other, through holes are made in the missile element and / or the perforator barrel, the gas generator is used as the throwing charge to ensure the cannon-rocket acceleration of the missile element by releasing a high-temperature supersonic high-pressure gas stream into the zone in front of the missile element to form a perforation channel in the perforation massif, and into the barrel of the punch to move it after the missile element into the formed perforation channel.

In addition, part of the explosion products is released through the through holes in the missile element and / or in the hole of the perforator with the formation of jet jets, which help to ensure the formation of gas lubricant in the contact zone of the perforated array with the barrel of the perforator and the missile element.

In addition, telescopically nested sections of the barrel perform a monotonously decreasing diameter as they approach the head section.

In addition, telescopically nested sections of the barrel perform a monotonously increasing diameter as they approach the head section.

In addition, the diameter of the telescopically embedded sections of the trunk as they approach the head section is first monotonously increased, and then monotonously reduced.

In addition, with the help of jet jets, the axial moment of rotation of the missile element is communicated, the bow of which is made in the form of a mill and is used for drilling into a perforated array.

In addition, the head section is associated with a missile element.

In addition, at least one pair of generated jet jets discharged from the missile element and / or the barrel is oppositely directed and perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, and the missile element and the barrel have a curved axis.

In addition, the velocity vector of at least one of the generated jet jets discharged from the missile element has a component directed along the movement of the missile element.

In addition, the missile element is divided into independent fractions at the final stage of the rocket movement of the missile element in a perforated array.

So, we consider the action of the proposed method as an example of the operation of the device that implements the specified method and performed according to the scheme of figures 1 and 2.

The operation of this device, as well as the prototype, is based on the fact that the projectile explosion is initiated, the projectile is fired from the barrel 6 of the perforator into the perforated array 3 in a predetermined direction using pressure on the projectile element of the gas generator 4's work - the projectile explosion provide the propelling element 5 along the channel 11 formed in the perforated array 3. In addition to the cannon acceleration phase, the proposed method provides a sequentially performed rocket phase acceleration, which is formulated as "consistently combined cannon-rocket acceleration." In accordance with generally accepted terminology, it is understood that during the operation of the perforator, the cannon phase of the ME acceleration (due to the energy of the gas generator gas) is sequentially combined with the rocket stage of the ME acceleration - due to the tail jets formed using the onboard energy carrier with a missile element that acts as a rocket shell . The sequential execution of the stages of cannon and rocket acceleration involves the inclusion of the ME rocket engine after the completion of the phase of cannon dispersal, i.e. after separation of the ME from the barrel of the perforator.

The possibility of releasing a high-temperature supersonic high-pressure gas stream through the corresponding through holes in the zone in front of the ME and into the perforator barrel is based on the short duration of the impact of extreme characteristics on structural materials. Indeed, the time of the shot, estimated by the speed of propagation of the shock wave (speed of sound) in the barrel of the punch, is a few milliseconds.

In this case, the energy of the explosion of the throwing charge at the stage of cannon dispersal is concentrated on fulfilling the main goal - increasing the depth of perforation (channel 11). For this, the region of high-temperature high-pressure gases formed by the gas generator 4 is limited by the volume of the barrel 6, a high-temperature, supersonic high-pressure gas stream 9 is discharged through the through holes in the tossed element into the zone in front of the tossed element, destroying it due to high-temperature erosion and a jet impulse of high-pressure jets . The gases leaving the frontal region are continuously displaced to the stern area of the missile element, flowing around its body, thus fulfilling the role of gas lubricant in the contact zone of the perforated array with the perforator barrel and the missile element. This significantly reduces friction losses during the advancement of the perforator barrel after the missile element into the formed perforation well. In addition, part of the explosion products is released in the perforator barrel with the formation of not only gas, lubricant, but also jet jets that advance the perforator barrel after the missile element. This provides an autonomous advancement of the perforator in the thickness of the formation. In this case, the perforator barrel is made in the form of sections telescopically nested into one another, the support section of the barrel is stationary, the head section is connected with the missile element, and the movement of the barrel, the perforator after the missile element inside the formed perforation well is carried out by telescoping it, as shown in FIG. 2. This option can be useful, for example, to increase the productivity of existing wells, since the telescopic version, due to its compactness, can be placed at an angle (including perpendicularly) to the axis of the well and used to form the transverse wellbore.

Depending on the physicomechanical characteristics of the rock being passed through, telescopically enclosed sections of the barrel perform a monotonously increasing diameter (inverse cone) or monotonously decreasing diameter (straight cone) as they approach the head section. It is also possible that the diameter of telescopically nested sections of the barrel as they approach the head section is first monotonously increased, and then monotonously reduced.

In a “straight cone” type design, at the moment of a charge explosion, the pressure of the generated gases acts and creates gas lubricant along the entire lateral surface of the ME. Therefore, this option is more suited for slow progress in difficult rocks.

In a “reverse cone” type design, at the moment of a charge explosion, the pressure of the generated gases acts and creates gas lubrication in the frontal part of the ME. Here, an option is possible for a more rapid advancement of ME in lighter rocks. Moreover, jet jets can be used to create additional thrust.

In an additional embodiment of the proposed method, part of the explosion products is passed through the missile element and / or the perforator barrel with the formation of jet jets directed, for example, towards the supporting section of the barrel. In addition, with the help of jet jets, the rotational moment is reported to the missile element, the bow of which is used for drilling into a perforated array. All this increases the thrust of the jet apparatus, further increases the depth of the formed perforation channels.

In addition, the missile element is divided into independent fractions at the final stage of the rocket movement of the missile element in the perforated array, which contributes to the branching of the perforated hole and increase the filtration area.

Next, we show that it is thanks to the significant differences of the proposed method that the required technical result is provided.

The fact that they use a sequentially combined cannon-rocket acceleration of the missile element, in which the perforator barrel is moved after the missile element into the formed perforation hole, so that part of the explosion products is released through the through holes in the missile element and / or in the perforator barrel with the formation of gas lubricant in the contact zone of the perforated array with the perforator barrel and the missile element allows you to concentrate the energy released during the explosion to achieve the main technical result that - increase the depth of perforated channel. Limiting the volume of the explosion with a perforator barrel, taking into account the short duration of the processes, allows you to get the maximum pressure and temperature in the required erosion zone of the rock passed, using the explosion products to reduce friction between the rock and the tool being introduced.

The fact that the perforator barrel is made in the form of sections telescopically nested into one another, the support section of the barrel is stationary, the head section is connected with the missile element, and the movement of the hole of the perforator after the missile element inside the formed perforation well is carried out by means of its telescopic extension, which allows the perforator to be transverse in the wellbore, expands its functional flexibility, provides a significant increase in well productivity with low material and time costs ESOURCES. In this case, the explosion energy is limited by the closed volume of the barrel, which increases the energy concentration, allows you to optimally distribute the energy consumption over time, taking into account the characteristics of the throwing charge, perforated rocks and structural materials used for the manufacture of MEs.

The fact that telescopically embedded sections of the barrel perform a monotonously decreasing diameter as they approach the head section also allows to increase the efficiency of the proposed method, taking into account the characteristics of real rocks and available experimental data.

The fact that the end width of the sections of the telescopic barrel increase as their diameter decreases, increases the reliability of devices that implement the proposed method, because it allows you to rationally distribute the pressure acting in the barrel. In this case, accordingly, the length of the perforated channels increases, and the productivity of the wells increases.

The fact that the telescopically embedded sections of the trunk perform a monotonously increasing diameter as they approach the head section, in some cases, practical situations, or the diameter of the telescopically nested sections of the barrel as they approach the head section is first monotonously increased and then monotonously reduced, s Taking into account the foregoing and studies, it also ensures the achievement of the above technical result.

The fact that part of the explosion products is passed through the missile element and / or the perforator barrel with the formation of jet jets, provides an additional concentration of the released explosion energy, respectively, increasing the efficiency of the proposed method.

The fact that at least the jets of one pair of generated jet jets discharged from the missile element and / or the barrel are oppositely directed and perpendicular to the axis of the barrel create a lateral moment of force, which provides additional functional flexibility of the method. This is expressed in the formation of curved, for example, spiral-shaped trajectories of the missile element. Obviously, such a spiral channel around the well is able to provide the maximum increase in well productivity even in the case of a previously operated well. Obviously, the axis of the missile element and the sections of the barrel should be appropriately curved. At the same time, it is possible to lay the trajectory of the perforated channel in the zone with the maximum expected productivity of the wells and to ensure the inflow of the produced product from the entire area of the predicted oil reservoir.

The fact that the velocity vector of at least one of the generated jet streams discharged from the missile element has a component directed towards the support section of the wellbore increases the penetration rate of the well, its length, due to the reactive traction force when the introduced tool interacts with the surrounding an array of perforated rocks.

The fact that with the help of reactive jets the moment of rotation of the missile element is communicated, the nose of which, for example, having the shape of a cutter, is used for drilling into a perforated array, increases the reliability of the device (due to a more even distribution of the impact on the rock), the speed of the well its length (due to additional mechanical impact on the rock), and also increases the stability of the missile element on a straight path (due to the preservation of the orientation of the gyroscopic torque schegosya ME).

The fact that with the help of jet jets the perforator barrel is moved after the missile element into the formed perforation well increases the perforator maneuverability and the depth of the perforation channels being formed taking into account the autonomy of the system (the absence of both guiding and braking effects of telescopic sections).

The fact that the velocity vector of at least one of the generated jet streams discharged from the missile element has a component directed along the movement of the missile element, provides an increase in pressure and temperature in the zone in front of the bow of the missile element, increases the rate of thermobaric rock destruction along the way thrown element, which also contributes to the achievement of the above technical result.

The fact that the missile element at the final stage of rocket acceleration is divided into independent fractions at the final stage of the movement of the missile element in the perforated array also increases the productivity of the wells according to the proposed method, taking into account the increase in the filtration area. At the same time, there is no need to drill new wells, which increases the environmental friendliness of the method, its effectiveness and efficiency.

It should also be noted that it is possible to use the obtained effect of reducing the friction of a perforator due to gas lubrication to simultaneously improve a number of characteristics. Indeed, the use of energy savings of the gas generator (taking into account the reduction of friction losses of the perforated array when creating gas lubricant) can be used to simultaneously improve the penetration rate, the depth of the formed channels, increase the productivity of the wells, reduce the cost and / or economic parameters, and improve a number of other characteristics - cost, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.).

Thus, it is shown that the required technical result, in fact, is achieved due to significant differences of the proposed method.

The experiments showed the feasibility of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method of opening the seams, in which the acceleration of the throwing element is carried out by guns, for which the throwing charge explosion process is initiated, the throwing element is fired from the perforator barrel into the perforated array in a given direction using pressure on the throwing element of the throwing charge explosion products, while promoting the throwing element in a perforated array, characterized in that they use a sequentially combined cannon-rocket acceleration of the missile element, in which the perforator barrel t in the form of sections inserted into each other, through holes are made in the missile element and / or the perforator barrel, a gas generator is used as a throwing charge to ensure gun-rocket acceleration of the missile element by releasing a high-temperature supersonic high-pressure gas stream into the zone in front of the missile element to form perforation channel in the perforated array and into the barrel of the perforator to move it after the missile element into the formed perforation channel. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the explosion products is released through the through holes in the missile element and / or in the perforator barrel with the formation of jet jets, with which they provide the formation of gas lubricant in the contact zone of the perforated array with the perforated barrel and the missile an element. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescopically embedded sections of the barrel perform a monotonously decreasing diameter as they approach the head section. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescopically embedded sections of the barrel perform a monotonously increasing diameter as they approach the head section. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the telescopically nested sections of the barrel as they approach the head section is first monotonously increased, and then monotonously reduced. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the help of jet jets the axial moment of rotation is reported to the missile element, the bow of which is made in the form of a mill and is used for drilling into a perforated array. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the head section is connected with a missile element. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one pair of generated jet jets discharged from the missile element and / or barrel creates a lateral moment of force, and the missile element and barrel have a curved axis. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the velocity vector of at least one of the generated jet jets discharged from the missile element has a component directed along the movement of the missile element. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the missile element is divided into independent fractions at the final stage of the movement of the missile element in a perforated array.

Images