RU227280U1 - Electric motor using complementary magnetic pairs - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering. The technical result is an increase in the energy efficiency of an electric motor with high torque. An electric motor based on complementary magnetic pairs contains a stator (1), on which brushes of ring contacts (2) are rigidly fixed, a static element of an angular position sensor (3), complementary magnetic pairs (4), rolling bearings (5) and (6), in which The rotor shaft (7) is installed with the possibility of free rotation around its own axis (x). Ring contacts (8), an angular position sensor (9), a switching unit (10), a disk armature (11) made of dielectric material, with electromagnets (12) are rigidly fixed on the rotor shaft (7). The electric motor contains a magnetic block consisting of two complementary magnetic pairs (4), which are installed opposite each other on opposite sides of the disk armature (11). The complementary magnetic pair (4) consists of two permanent magnets (13) and (14), which are located oppositely polarized in relation to each other and are rigidly fixed in the base of the complementary magnetic pair (4), made of diamagnetic material and rigidly fixed to the stator (1 ). A cooling system radiator (15) is installed on each permanent magnet (13) and (14). 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering and mechanical engineering and concerns the design features of electric motors, mainly for vehicles, and can be used in electrically driven cars and trucks, all-terrain vehicles, tracked vehicles, etc.

State of the art

According to the general trends in the development of electric motors, to increase the motor life, electromagnets are placed on the stator and permanent magnets on the rotor (US 4130769, IPC H02K 37/00, published 12/19/1978; RU 2153757, IPC H02K 29/06, B60K 7/00, B60L 11/04, publ. 07/27/2000). However, these solutions have a serious drawback - the difficulty of ensuring reliable cooling of permanent magnets, which is why magnets with an increased Curie point (reduced magnetization) are used.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model is an electric motor containing a rotor with electromagnets, a stator with a circular magnetic core on which an even number of permanent magnets are attached at the same pitch, a distributed collector with current-conducting plates located on the stator housing, and current collectors connected to the coil windings rotor electromagnets (WO 2004091957, IPC B60K 7/00, H02K 21/26, published 10/28/2004). The disadvantage of this electric motor is the unreliability of the commutator, which is caused by rapid wear of the conductive plates.

It should be noted that brushless electric motors that use sensors based on the Hall effect are currently widespread. Such electric motors are distinguished by their reliability and good efficiency; they are used in computer coolers or RC models. However, the ability to scale such electric motors is limited by the material consumption of rare-earth magnets and their Curie point, since as the electric motor increases, its energy load (heat generation) also increases.

The main disadvantage of the above-mentioned types of electric motors in the context of transport applications is the widespread use of permanent magnets, which are located along a circular perimeter with the same pitch, which increases parasitic Lorentz forces and energy consumption due to the large overall working area.

Disclosure of utility model

The technical result, when using the claimed utility model, is to increase the energy efficiency of an electric motor with high torque through the use of complementary magnetic pairs, with the help of which the “push-pull” principle is implemented.

The specified technical result is provided by an electric motor on complementary magnetic pairs, containing a stator on which brushes of ring contacts are rigidly fixed, a static element of an angular position sensor, complementary magnetic pairs, rolling bearings, and a rotor shaft is installed in the rolling bearings with the possibility of free rotation around its own axis x, ring contacts are rigidly fixed on the rotor shaft, an angular position sensor, a switching unit, a disk armature made of dielectric material, electromagnets are located and rigidly fixed on the disk armature, contains at least one magnetic block, which consists of two complementary magnetic pairs that are installed opposite each other on opposite sides of the disk armature, in addition, the complementary magnetic pair consists of two permanent magnets, which are located oppositely polarized in relation to each other and are rigidly fixed at the base of the complementary magnetic pair, the base is made of diamagnetic material and is rigidly fixed to the stator, and A radiator for the cooling system is installed on each permanent magnet.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. Figure 1 shows an electric motor, where x is the axis of rotation of the rotor shaft of the electric motor.

In fig. Figure 2 shows the location of complementary magnetic pairs relative to the electromagnets (the shaded area shows the working area; the arrow shows the direction of rotation in question).

Implementation of a utility model

The claimed electric motor (Fig. 1) contains a stator 1, on which the brushes of the ring contacts 2 are rigidly fixed, a static element of the angular position sensor 3, complementary magnetic pairs 4 (2 pieces shown), and rolling bearings 5 and 6.

In the rolling bearings 5 and 6 there is a rotor shaft 7 with the possibility of free rotation around its own axis x.

Ring contacts 8, an angular position sensor 9, a switching unit 10, and a disk armature 11 made of dielectric material are rigidly fixed on the rotor shaft 7. On the disk armature 11 along the periphery, n pieces of electromagnets 12 are located and rigidly fixed at the same pitch.

Complementary magnetic pairs 4, forming a magnetic block, are installed on opposite sides of the disk armature 11. Between the permanent magnets and electromagnets 12, it is necessary to provide a minimum gap for the free rotation of the disk armature 11.

Each complementary magnetic pair 4 contains two permanent magnets 13 and 14 of the “puck” format, which are located oppositely polarized in relation to each other and are rigidly fixed at the base of the complementary magnetic pair 4, made of diamagnetic material with good thermal conductivity (for example, aluminum). A radiator of the cooling system 15 is installed on each permanent magnet 13 and 14.

The angular position sensor 9 and the static element of the angular position sensor 3, in fact, are a repeater of the electromagnets 12 and the magnetic block, respectively. The angular position sensor 9 can be implemented using Hall sensors, optical sensors, induction sensors, etc., which does not affect the achievement of the technical result.

In fig. 2 shows the location of complementary magnetic pairs 4 relative to the electromagnets 12 of the disk armature 11. FIG. 2 it can be seen that the circle drawn through the centers of electromagnets 12 also coincides with the centers of permanent magnets 13 and 14, a complementary magnetic pair 4. The working area is shown as a shaded area, which is located between two permanent magnets 13 and 14.

The claimed electric motor operates as follows.

The electric motor is installed primarily on electric vehicles and is rigidly attached to the stator 1. A useful mechanical load is supplied to the rotor shaft 7. A DC source is connected to the brush terminals of ring contacts 2. A coolant circuit is supplied to the radiators of the cooling system 15 (not shown in the drawings). The supply voltage is supplied to the brushes of the ring contacts 2, from the ring contacts the voltage is supplied to the switching unit 10, which switches it with the electromagnets 12 according to the signals received from the angular position sensor 9. The electromagnets 12 are in a circular motion (in Fig. 2 the direction is shown by an arrow) they take turns entering the work area (Fig. 2, shaded area). After the electromagnet 12 coaxially coincides with the first permanent magnet 13, a constant voltage of such polarity is applied to the electromagnet that its magnetic field is antipolar to the first magnet 13, and copolar to the second 14, therefore, the first magnet 13 will push out, and the second 14, on the contrary, will retract the electromagnet 12 After coinciding with the axis of the second magnet 14, the electromagnet 12 is turned off.

Thus, through the use of complementary magnetic pairs, with the help of which the “pull-push” principle is implemented, with the ability to use permanent magnets of extra-strong magnetization, it becomes possible to create energy-efficient electric motors for transport. An electromagnet caught in a field created by a complementary magnetic pair is simultaneously repelled by the first permanent magnet and attracted by the second. In addition, the proposed electric motor provides the possibility of using permanent magnets with a low Curie point (extra-strong magnetization), resulting in a high torque force, and therefore a high torque on the shaft.

The possibility of using magnets with a low Curie point is ensured by the design of the electric motor, namely due to the fact that the magnetic block is localized and rigidly fixed to the stator, this ensures the convenience of connecting the circuit of the forced cooling system.

Low energy consumption and long service life of the electric motor are achieved by the fact that the electromagnets operate only in the working zone, which is about 10% of the “relaxation” zone.

It should be noted that the proposed electric motor achieves simplicity of design and low material consumption of rare-earth magnets.

The use of widely used components, such as neodymium permanent magnets in the “puck” format, will ensure low cost.

Moreover, the design of the electric motor can be reduced in cost by using a conventional commutator instead of a number of components, such as a switching unit, an angular position sensor and ring contacts, but in this case the electric motor will lose its reliability advantage.

Claims (1)

An electric motor based on complementary magnetic pairs, containing a stator (1), on which brushes of ring contacts (2), a static element of an angular position sensor (3), complementary magnetic pairs (4), rolling bearings (5) and (6), are rigidly fixed, and in the rolling bearings (5) and (6) a rotor shaft (7) is installed with the possibility of free rotation around its own axis (x), ring contacts (8), an angular position sensor (9), and a switching unit are rigidly fixed on the rotor shaft (7) (10), disk armature (11), made of dielectric material, electromagnets (12) are located and rigidly fixed on the disk armature (11), contains at least one magnetic block, which consists of two complementary magnetic pairs (4), which are installed opposite each other on opposite sides of the disk armature (11), in addition, the complementary magnetic pair (4) consists of two permanent magnets (13) and (14), which are located opposite polarities in relation to each other and are rigidly fixed at the base of the complementary magnetic pairs (4), the base is made of diamagnetic material and is rigidly fixed to the stator (1), and a cooling system radiator (15) is installed on each permanent magnet (13) and (14).

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