RU2256545C1 - Pneumatic hammer with throttle type distribution of air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: percussion action building and mining machines, possibly development of manual pneumatic hammers in machine engineering, heady-duty pneumatic percussion action machines for breaking rocks and frozen grounds.

SUBSTANCE: in pneumatic hammer with throttle type air distribution surfaces engaging one to other are provided with annular turnings. The last are arranged in portions of mounting surfaces of striker and tube in such a way that length values of turning portions along generatrix are less than length values of generatrix portions of mounting surfaces of striker at side of cylinder and at side of tube.

EFFECT: increased percussion power of hammer, increased energy of single shock.

9 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction and mining percussion machines and can be used to create manual pneumatic hammers for mechanical engineering and mounted pneumatic percussion machines for the destruction of rocks and frozen soils, as well as heavy pneumatic percussion machines for horizontal penetration of wells and driving pipes into soil media.

A pneumatic shock device is known (see, for example, AS USSR No. 1235719, class B 29 D 9/04, 1986), including a housing with accumulation chambers and exhaust channels, a footwork connected to it with a preliminary chamber, located in the housing is aligned with the air supply tube fixed in the foot, and the hollow hammer interacting with the tube, periodically blocking the exhaust channels and forming working and idle chambers with the body, periodically communicating with each other through the bypass channels and constantly with a cooking chamber by means of inlet throttles, and a working tool, the inlet throttle connecting the idle chamber to the preliminary chamber, is made in the tube at the site of its fastening in the foot, and the bypass channels are made in the form of blind longitudinal grooves on the outer cylindrical surface of the tube, periodically overlapped by the ends drummer.

The main disadvantage of this device is the compulsory compaction of a fixed tube fit in the foot (cover), as a pinch-pin with a console supported on a movable fit in a through axial hole of a hollow hammer. With such and similar fastening of the tube, it is also necessary to provide a sealed landing of the striker relative to the tube and the cylinder of the body. The inability to process the axial holes of the cylinder, impactor, tube and cover from “one installation” causes misalignment of the holes and leads to distortions, “biting”, increased uneven friction on the mating interacting surfaces and braking of the impactor and, as a result, lowering the energy of a single impact and the number of strokes as well as a breakdown of the tube and a stop of the drum machine. Distortions lead to unproductive leaks and overflows that violate the calculation process in the working chambers of the machine.

The closest technical solution in relation to the proposed one is a pneumatic hammer with throttle air distribution (see, for example, patent RU 2062692 C1, Ml. 1325 D 9/04, 17/12, E 21 C 3/24, 1996), including a hollow cylinder with a drummer located in it with a central through channel dividing the cylinder cavity into the working and idle chambers, a tube with a longitudinal channel interacting with the central channel of the striker, equipped with a constantly open throttle channel in the idle chamber mounted on the end face ilindra lid with flanges, a glass with an air supply channel, detachably fixed relative to the cylinder, a network camera, an annular chamber, constantly communicated through radial bypass channels and radial exhaust channels with an exhaust chamber between the housing and the air baffle ring with a channel in the wall, a working tool with a shank, a cap , fixed detachably relative to the cylinder, and a device for switching on the supply of compressed air to the network camera. The specified technical solution was adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype when used in heavy and powerful hammers is an unreliable start-up, since a heavy and relatively long striker has a significant rest mass and a supporting area on the inner part of the cylinder channel, as well as a significant contact area with the outer surface of the tube, which requires a sharp air supply in working chambers and in a large quantity of it, which cannot be ensured when the chambers for working and idling are powered by the flow rate through the inlet throttles, the flow rate of which corresponds only to time-heavy inlet, especially in the initial period of putting the hammer into operation. The disadvantages of the prototype are also accompanied by: a significant length of the air supply sleeve with a relatively low coefficient of air flow due to local resistance of the air supply path; freezing of the contacting surfaces of the hammer and cylinder, hammer and tube when the hammer is operating at negative ambient temperatures; possible hits on the “mirror” of the cylinder from the side of the drummer and the “mirror” of the drummer from the side of the tube of solid particles of rust and ground dust that enters the cylinder either through the air supply channel or through the exhaust channels in the cylinder when operating in a dusty environment, which is typical for real working conditions of the hammer during the destruction of soil and rocky environments.

The disadvantages of the prototype and similar impact machines with a central tube can be eliminated if we significantly reduce the contact surfaces of either the striker or the tube, or both on the tube and on the striker, up to close to a linear touch along their diameters, for example, in the form of rounded protrusions and grooves made on the forming surfaces either obliquely or perpendicular to the generators, and the grooves should not communicate between the working and idle chambers, and are additionally used for lubrication and cleaning and contact side surfaces of the cylinder, impactor and tube.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to ensure reliability of the launch by reducing the contact surfaces of the interacting parts and providing air lubrication between them.

An air throttle air hammer includes a network camera, a device for switching compressed air into the network camera, a hollow cylinder, a drummer with a central channel placed therein and dividing the cylinder cavity into idle and working chambers, and a tube connecting the network camera with the idling chamber through a constantly open inlet throttle channel mounted on one end of the cylinder from the side of the working chamber, a cover with a shoulder and a central a through hole for conducting a tube through it, a throttle channel, constantly connecting the inlet chamber to the working chamber, connecting the network camera to the working chamber, connected to the last accumulation chamber via bypass channels, exhaust channels made in the side wall of the cylinder, and a working tool with a shank, installed in the other end of the cylinder, the glass, its bottom mounted on the flange of the lid, an annular accumulation chamber formed by the wall of the glass and the outer side surface of the cylinder RA, bypass channels made in the cylinder wall at the level of the working chamber in the form of radial channels, a tube made with the possibility of axial and radial movement relative to the central through hole of the lid, a throttle channel, made in the form of an annular channel with the ability to change the shape of its cross section formed by the surfaces of the tube and the central through hole in the lid, and the surfaces interacting with each other are provided annular recesses, arranged in the striker portions seating surfaces and pipes, and so that portions of the length of the recesses forming portions are made smaller length forming seating surfaces striker from both the cylinder and the part of the tube.

It is advisable to ring grooves either on the outer surface of the hammer from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the side of the tube in the form of conjugate arcs of circles of the same or different diameters.

It is advisable to make circular grooves either on the outer surface of the hammer from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the side of the tube with divided ring isthmuses with a section in the form of either semicircles, or semi-ellipses, or rectangles, or trapeziums, or equilateral or triangular triangles.

It is advisable to ring grooves either on the outer surface of the striker from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the side of the tube at an angle to the generatrix of the surface with either a one-sided or multi-directional helix and so that the length of the section of the undercuts is less than the landing length of the through channel drummer.

It is advisable to ring grooves on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the striker to perform in the form of conjugate arcs of circles of the same or different diameters.

It is advisable to make circular grooves on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the striker with divided circular isthmuses with a section in the form of either semicircles, or semi-ellipses, or rectangles, or trapeziums, or equilateral triangles, or versatile triangles.

It is advisable to ring grooves on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the striker at an angle to the generatrix of the surface with either a one-sided or multi-directional helix and so that the length of the section of the grooves is less than the landing length of the through channel of the striker.

It is advisable to annular recesses communicate with each other by a blind channel in the body of the drummer, opened from the cylinder and the idle chamber.

It is advisable to annular grooves communicate with each other by a blind channel in the form of either a groove or flats, opened from the side of the idling chamber.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: in Fig.1 shows a hammer with a partial longitudinal section and a tube mounted with the possibility of movement in the longitudinal and radial directions relative to the annular central through hole in the fixed cover, a hammer with a central through channel and recesses on its side surface facing the inner the surface of the cylinder, and the recesses are formed by the conjugate arcs of circles forming a wavy line either with the same heights or with different heights of the wave m;

figure 2 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the outer side surface of the tube facing the surface of the through channel of the striker, and the grooves and their isthmuses are formed by the conjugate arcs of circles forming a wavy line;

figure 3 is a fragment of the performance of the grooves on the tube and the side surface of the striker on the cylinder side, the portion with the grooves being made smaller than the length of the portion forming the landing surface of the striker, and the grooves and their isthmuses on the tube and the strikers are formed by conjugate arcs of circles forming a wavy line;

figure 4 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the lateral surface of the through channel of the striker from the side of the tube, and the grooves and their isthmuses are formed by the conjugate arcs of circles forming a wavy line;

figure 5 is a fragment of the recesses on the side surface of the striker from the cylinder side in the form of semicircles in cross section separated by isthmuses, and similarly grooves can be made on the side of the tube from the side of the through channel of the striker, and also on the side surface of the through channel of the striker tubes;

Fig.6 is a fragment of the recesses on the side of the drummer from the cylinder side in the form of semi-ellipses in cross-section, separated by isthmuses, and similarly grooves can be made on the side of the tube from the side of the through channel of the striker, and also on the side surface of the through channel from the side of the tube ;

in Fig.7 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the side of the drummer from the cylinder side in the form of a rectangle in cross section, divided by the isthmuses, and similarly grooves can be made on the side of the tube from the side of the through channel of the drummer, as well as on the side surface of the through channel from the side of the tube ;

in Fig.8 is a fragment of the recesses on the side surface of the striker from the cylinder side in the form of a trapezoid in cross-section, separated by isthmuses, and similarly grooves can be made on the side of the tube from the side of the through channel of the striker, and also on the side surface of the through channel from the side of the tube ;

in Fig.9 is a fragment of the execution of the recesses on the side surface of the striker from the cylinder in the form of a triangle in cross section either equilateral, turned by sharp angles or obtuse corners into the body of the striker, or rectangular, turned by sharp angles into the body of the striker, separated by isthmuses, and similarly can be recesses were made on the side surface of the tube from the side of the through channel of the striker, as well as on the side surface of the through channel from the side of the through channel of the striker, turned by sharp or obtuse angles into the body t ubki;

figure 10 is a fragment of the performance of the grooves on the lateral surface of the striker from the cylinder side at an angle to the generatrix of the surface with one-sided directivity of the helix, and the surface portion with recesses is made smaller than the length of the striker on its landing surface;

figure 11 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the lateral surface of the striker from the cylinder side at an angle to the generatrix of the surface with a miscellaneous directivity of the helical line, separated by an isthmus, and the surface section with recesses is made smaller than the length of the striker on its landing surface;

in Fig.12 - a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the tube at the same angle to the generatrix, separated by jumpers with a step between the cutting edges less than the length of the inner seating surface of the striker on the tube side, and similarly grooves can be made on the side surface of the through channel of the striker;

in Fig.13 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves on the tube at different angles to the generatrix, separated by jumpers with a step between the cutting edges less than the length of the inner seating surface of the striker on the tube side, and similarly grooves can be made on the side surface of the through channel of the striker;

on Fig - a fragment of the performance of the grooves connected by a blind channel in the body of the drummer, opened from the side of the idle chamber and from the side of the hollows of the grooves;

on Fig is a fragment of the execution of the grooves connected by a blind channel in the form of a groove on the side surface of the striker from the cylinder side and opened from the side of the idle chamber;

in Fig.16 is a fragment of the execution of the grooves connected by a blind channel in the form of a flat on the side surface of the striker from the cylinder side and opened from the side of the idle chamber.

The designations in all the drawings are the same.

Pneumatic hammer with throttle air distribution (see figure 1) contains a hollow cylinder 1 with a drummer 2 located in it with a central through channel 3, dividing the cavity of the cylinder 1 into the chambers of the working 4 and idle 5 strokes and the tube 6 with the longitudinal channel 7. Tube 6 interacts with the Central channel 3 of the drummer 2 and is equipped with a constantly open inlet throttle channel 8 into the idle chamber 5. The tube 6 is installed on the side of the working chamber 4 in the central hole of the fixed cover 9 and forms an annular inlet throttle channel 10. The longitudinal and radial movement of the tube 6 is ensured by the annular gap between the side surface 11 of the central hole of the cover 9 and the side surface 12 of the tube 6. The gap performs the functions of the inlet throttle channel with a variable shape of the cross-sectional area, but a constant flow area in the chamber 4 of the stroke. The cover 9 is equipped with a flange shoulder 13 and a sealing shoulder 14, through which it rests on the end face 15 of the cylinder 1 and the glass 16. The glass 16 is sealed and detachable, for example by means of a threaded connection, mounted on the cylinder 1 and provided with an air supply channel 17 from the camera-receiver 18 s starting device of any known type. A network chamber 19 is formed between the glass 16, the flange 14 of the lid 9, and an annular accumulation chamber 20 is formed between the glass 16, the flanges 14 and 13 and the cylinder 1, which is constantly in communication via the radial bypass channels 21 in the cylinder with the working chamber 4. The cylinder 1 is provided with a radial outlet channel 22. At the level of the channel 22, an air baffle 23 is installed with an outlet channel, for example, in the form of a slot 24. An exhaust chamber 25 is formed between the ring 23 and the cylinder 1. The shank 26 of the working tool 27 is installed in the idle chamber and is held from falling out by the device for holding it, for example, in the form of a rubberized metal cap 28, detachably fixed relative to the cylinder 1 by means of a threaded connection. On the tube 6 from the side of the network camera 19, a sealing bead 29 is made with a sealing seat 30. The central through hole is an annular inlet throttle channel 10 of the cover 9 is made with an annular sealing seat 31, which allows to reduce the specific shock impulse of the seat 30 of the shoulder 29 of the tube 6 about the cover 9 than increase the resource of the lid, tube and hammer as a whole. The shoulder 29 to ensure a guaranteed constant inlet of compressed air from the chamber 19 into the chamber 4 is provided with a through channel 32 made in the form of a groove, either a round hole, or flats.

The hammer 2 from the side of the inner surface 33 of the cylinder 1 is equipped with recesses 34, consisting of depressions 35, separated by protrusions 36, which form a wavy surface in contact with surface 33 (see figure 1). A similar wavy surface 37 is formed on the outer surface 12 of the tube 6, also consisting of depressions 38, separated by protrusions 39 (see figure 2, 3). Also, the inner surface 40 of the through channel 3 in the hammer 2 is made wavy, consisting of depressions 41, separated by protrusions 42 (see figure 4). The recesses on the surface 12 of the tube 6, either on the surface 40 of the channel 3 of the striker 2, or on the outer surface of the striker are made in the form of arcs of a circle 43 with hollows 44, separated by protrusions in the form of isthmuses 45 (see Fig. 5), or arcs of ellipses 46 s depressions 47 separated by isthmuses 48 (see FIG. 6), or rectangular surfaces 49 with depressions 50, separated by isthmuses 51 (see FIG. 7), or trapezoidal surfaces 52 with protrusions 53 separated by isthmuses 54 (see FIG. .8), or surfaces of a triangular shape 55 with depressions 56 separated by esheykami 57 (see. Figure 9). The isthmuses and protrusions on the striker in the axial through channel of the striker and on the tube can be made similar in shape to the inverse of the depressions. The shapes of the hollows on the hammer in the axial through channel of the hammer and on the tube can be formed by arcs of circles, or ellipses with the same or different radii, sides of rectangles and trapezoids with the same or different sizes in height and length, sides of triangles equilateral or different. The shapes of the depressions can be formed by screw recesses 58 of the one-sided direction, separated by isthmuses 59 (see Fig. 10), or by screw recesses 60 of the one-way direction, separated by isthmuses 61 (see Fig. 11). A similar design is provided on the tube 6: single-sided screw recesses 62, separated by isthmuses 63 (see Fig. 12), or multi-directional screw grooves 64, separated by isthmuses 65 (see Fig. 13). In the versions of FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13, the screw undercuts should be through only on the length of the shorter length of the forming seating surface of the outer part of the striker (see FIG. 10, 11), or on the inner surface of the through channel (see FIG. 12, thirteen). The increase in the volume of the idle chamber 5 is carried out by connecting the volumes of the darts, for which the recesses, for example, on the side surface of the drummer are communicated by means of the blind channel 66 opened on the side of the chamber 5 in the body of the drummer (see Fig. 14), or on the surface of the drummer through a groove 67 ( see Fig. 15), or flats 68 (see Fig. 16).

A pneumatic hammer with throttle air distribution works as follows. When the starting device of the camera-receiver 18 is turned on, compressed air enters through the channel 17 in the glass 16 into the chamber 19, from where it enters the working chamber 4 or through the annular throttle channel 10 formed by the gap between the surface 11 of the central hole of the cover 9 and the side surface 12 of the tube 6, or through the through channel 32 in the flange 29, made in the form of a round hole, or groove, or flats. At the same time, compressed air from the chamber 19 will flow through the channel 7 of the tube 6 and the throttle channel 8 into the idle chamber 5.

The air pressure in the chambers 4 and 20 will remain almost equal to atmospheric, since the exhaust channel 22, as well as the bypass channel 21, with passage cross-sectional areas substantially exceeding the area of the inlet throttle channel 10, are open through the channel 21, the camera 20 communicates with the camera 4 , which, in turn, communicates through the channel 22 with the exhaust chamber 25 and through the slotted channel 24 in the air exhaust ring 23 of the chamber 4 and 20 are in communication with the atmosphere.

In the chamber 5, the air pressure increases, since it is disconnected from the atmosphere, and the hammer 2 will begin to move along the tube 6 from the shank 26 of the tool 27 installed in the cap 28, making idle. Thanks to the recesses 35, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 58, 60 on the hammer 2 (see Fig. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), its contact surface with the surface 33 decreases cylinder 1, decreases the force that inhibits the drummer at idle. The effect of reducing the braking force is increased in the presence of increased air pressure in the undercuts, since it also performs the function of air lubrication. The increased pressure in the recesses is maintained by connecting them with blind channels of circular cross section 66 (see Fig. 14), or groove 67 (see Fig. 15), or flats (see Fig. 16), opened from the side of the chamber 5. The observed effect air lubrication contributes to a more intense acceleration of the striker, and consequently, to reduce idle time, which, in turn, increases the frequency of strikes of the striker. A similar effect of air lubrication will affect the performance of the grooves 40 on the surface of the through channel 3 of the hammer 2 (see figure 4), as well as the wavy grooves 37 on the tube 6 (see figure 2, 3), or others in the shape of the section, or screw drafts 62 of the same direction (see Fig. 12), or screw darts 64 of different directions (see Fig. 13). The increased air pressure in the recesses will be maintained by air either from the side of the chamber 5 until the opening of the channel 22 by the hammer 2, or from the side of the chamber 4 after closing the channel 22, that is, from the side of the chamber separated from the atmosphere.

Upon subsequent movement, the hammer 2 will block the exhaust channel 22, as a result of which the pressure of the air cut off in the chambers 4 and 20 and the air entering them from the chamber 19 through the inlet annular throttle channel 10 will begin to increase.

After the drummer 2 opens the exhaust channel 22 from the side of the idle chamber 5, the pressure in it will begin to decrease to atmospheric, since the passage sections of the channel 22 in the cylinder 1 and the slot channel 24 in the air exhaust ring 23 are substantially larger than the passage section of the throttle 8 in the tube 6.

Note that the effect of air lubrication from the side of the outer side surface of the striker 2 and the surface 33 of the cylinder 1 will decrease, since the air pressure will decrease either in the wavy recesses 34 (see figures 1, 3, 14, 15, 16), or recesses 43, 46, 49, 52, 55 (see Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), or in recesses 58, 60 (see Fig. 10, 11).

By the end of idling, a significant part of the air is displaced by the striker 2 through the bypass channel 21 into the accumulation chamber 20, as a result of which the air pressure in the chamber 4 increases slowly and causes a sharp braking of the striker, thereby increasing its stroke, which contributes to more intensive acceleration and an increase in the energy of a single stroke during the working stroke.

Having reached the extreme design position, the hammer stops and immediately begins an accelerated movement towards the shank 26 of the tool 27, making a working stroke.

During the working stroke of the striker, there is the effect of air lubrication from the side of the grooves 40 on the surface of the through channel 3 of the striker 2 (see Fig. 4), as well as of the wavy grooves 37 on the tube 6 (see Fig. 2, 3), or others in shape sections, or screw darts 62 of the same direction (see Fig. 12), or screw darts 64 of different directions (see Fig. 13).

As with idling, increased air pressure in the recesses will be maintained from the side of the chamber, which will be disconnected from the atmosphere, that is, either from the side of chamber 4 until the opening of channel 22 by the hammer 2, or from the side of chamber 5 after closing channel 22 When the exhaust channel 22 is blocked by the hammer 2, the increased air pressure in the recesses, the contacting surfaces 12 on the tube 6 and the through channel 3 in the hammer, is supported, as is the case of idling from both chambers 4 and 5.

With the subsequent movement of the striker 2, it closes the channel 22 from the side of the chamber 5 and opens it from the side of the chamber 4. At the same time, the air pressure in the chamber 5 begins to increase due to the compression of the air cut off in it and the air entering through the inlet throttle channel 8 of the tube 6.

The air pressure after opening the channel from the side of chambers 4 and 20 begins to decrease and over time until the impact of the hammer and the shank, the air pressure in them will decrease to atmospheric. This is facilitated by the significant passage sections of the channel 22 and 21 in comparison with the passage section of the annular inlet throttle channel 10.

Due to the volume of the accumulation chamber 20, the air pressure along the path of the striker during the working stroke from the side of the chamber 4 will be higher, and therefore, a higher speed of movement and collision, which helps to increase both the frequency and energy of a single impact.

When the working stroke, after the closure of the channel 22, the volume of the wavy grooves 35 on the side surface of the hammer 2 (see figure 1, 3, 14, 15, 16), or the volume of the grooves formed by arcs of circles 43 (see figure 5), either the volumes of the grooves formed by the arcs of ellipses 46 (see Fig.6), or the sides of the rectangles 49 (see Fig.7), or the sides of the trapezoid 52 (see Fig.8), or the sides of the triangles 55 (see Fig.9 ), or screw recesses 58 of the same direction (see Fig. 10), or screw recesses 60 of different directions, see Fig. 11) when communicating the recesses with a blind channel 66 in the wall of the hammer 2 (see FIG. 14), or with a groove 67 (see FIG. 16) open from the side of the idle chamber 5, they perform the functions of additional chamber volumes. The aforementioned allows to significantly reduce the air backpressure in the idle chamber 5, which contributes to lower braking of the striker and maintaining a higher impact speed of the striker 2 with the shank 26 of the tool 27, and therefore, increase the frequency and energy of a single impact.

In addition to the above, the protrusions 36 on the lateral surface of the striker (see Fig. 1, 3, 14, 15) and the isthmus 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 59, 61 on the lateral surface of the striker (see Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) significantly reduce the contact surface area of the striker 2 with the surface 33 of cylinder 1, due to which the air lubrication effect increases, the friction forces of the striker before the impact decrease, and the frequency and energy of a single impact increase.

With the subsequent movement, the hammer strikes the tool shank and the described process is repeated with the difference that the start of idling is carried out with the participation of the rebound pulse and the reduction of idle time.

An additional positive effect when performing ring grooves either on the side surface of the drummer, or on the surface of the through axial channel in the drummer, or on the side surface of the tube will take place when cleaning and lubricating the surface of the cylinder 33. The effect of cleaning and lubricating the contacting surfaces will be strengthened when either screw undercut separated by isthmuses of one direction or screw undercut separated by isthmuses of different directions, since the interaction of the contacting surfaces of the isthmuses and the surface of the cylinder 33 will be carried out at an acute angle, and therefore with less resistance to movement impactor relative to the surface 33 of the cylinder, as well as the surfaces 12 and 35 of the tube relative to the surface 40 of the through axial channel in gift box.

An additional positive effect when performing ring undercuts and screw undercuts with isthmuses takes place in the absence of overflows and an increase in exhaust time, which determines a reduction in unproductive air flow and a decrease in the sound power of exhaust exhaust from the idling chamber.

An additional positive effect when performing grooves and isthmuses of various shapes takes place during the transition from a rectangular shape of hollows to a trapezoidal, triangular and further to shapes formed by circular arcs, an ellipse and a wavy shape, which determines a decrease in the number of stress concentrators and, consequently, an increase in strength and the resource of both the drummer and the tube.

Claims (9)

1. A pneumatic hammer with throttle air distribution, including a network chamber for switching compressed air into the network chamber, a hollow cylinder, a hammer placed therein with a central channel dividing the cylinder cavity into idle and working chambers, a pipe connecting the network cable through the central channel of the hammer a chamber with an idle chamber through a constantly open inlet throttle channel mounted on one end of the cylinder from the side of the working chamber, a cover with a shoulder and central m through-hole for conducting a tube through it, a throttle channel that constantly connects the inlet to the working chamber, connecting the network camera to the working chamber, connected to the last accumulation chamber via bypass channels, exhaust channels made in the side wall of the cylinder, and a working tool with a shank installed at the other end of the cylinder, the glass, its bottom, mounted on the flange of the cover, an annular accumulation chamber formed by the wall of the glass and the outer side surface of the cylinder Indra, bypass channels made in the wall at the level of the working chamber in the form of radial channels, a tube made with the possibility of axial and radial movement relative to the central through hole of the cover, a constantly open throttle channel inlet to the working chamber, made in the form of an annular channel with the possibility of changing the shape of its cross section formed by the surfaces of the tube and the central through hole in the lid, characterized in that the surfaces interacting with each other, equipped with ring grooves located on the sections of the seating surfaces of the striker and tube and so that the lengths of the sections of the grooves along the generators are made smaller than the lengths of the sections forming the seating surfaces of the striker both from the cylinder side and from the tube side. 2. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular undercuts either on the outer surface of the hammer from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the side of the tube are made in the form of conjugate arcs of circles of the same or different diameters. 3. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular recesses either on the outer surface of the hammer from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the tube side are made with separate annular isthmuses with a section in the form of either semicircles or half ellipses or rectangles , or trapezoids, or equilateral triangles, or versatile triangles. 4. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular undercuts either on the outer surface of the hammer from the cylinder side or on the inner surface of the through channel from the side of the tube are made at an angle to the forming surface with either a one-sided or multi-directional helix and so that the length of the section of the grooves is less than the landing length of the through channel of the striker. 5. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular grooves on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the hammer are made in the form of conjugate arcs of circles of the same or different diameters. 6. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular recesses on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the hammer are divided by annular isthmuses with a cross section in the form of semicircles, or semi-ellipses, or rectangles, or trapeziums, or equilateral triangles, or versatile triangles . 7. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular grooves on the tube from the side of the inner surface of the through channel of the hammer are made at an angle to the forming surface with either a one-sided or multi-directional directivity of the helix and so that the length of the section of the undercuts is less than the landing length of the through drummer channel. 8. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular recesses are communicated with each other by a blind channel in the body of the hammer, opened from the side of the cylinder and the idle chamber. 9. The pneumatic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular grooves are communicated with each other by a blind channel in the form of either a groove or flats, opened from the side of the idling chamber.

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