RU2256316C1 - Combined single-disk share - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in sowing machines.

SUBSTANCE: share has disk vertically mounted on bracket at an angle to direction of advancement of machine, said bracket providing alignment of draft direction with machine advancement direction. Disk is provided with restricting flange arranged on its outside and formed as semi-elliptical member of rotation attached to disk by means of detachable members. Covering devices are positioned between fertilizer guide and seed guide for covering of fertilizer and seeds with wet soil layer. Supporting-covering rollers provided in lower part of covering devices are adapted for covering of fertilizer and seeds with compacted soil layer in order to facilitate contacting of seeds and fertilizer with moisture necessary for growing and development of plants. Chain-type sweep disposed behind covering devices is adapted for creating mulching soil layer and moisture retention.

EFFECT: improved uniformity of advancement of share through soil depth, increased efficiency by combining fertilizer application procedure and seed sowing procedure, separation of seeds from fertilizer by compacted soil layer without carrying out lower soil layers onto surface and embracing share with plant remains.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and a stationary furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of a keeled opener with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil (SU, copyright certificate No. 923412. M. Kl ³ A 01 From 7/20. Combined opener. - Application No. 2854901 / 30-15; claimed 12/14/1979; publ. 04/30/1982, bull. No. 16).

The coulter design flaws include its unstable progression along the depth of sowing seeds due to the lack of devices that provide a given sowing depth, and the line of direction of thrust with the position of the bracket does not match. This leads to the emergence of lateral forces and, as a consequence, to the indirectness of sowing seeds in a row. There are no devices in the coulter for sheltering seeds with a moist layer of soil, as well as means for sowing and sheltering fertilizers with soil.

The closest technical solution in its essence and the process being carried out is a combined single-disc coulter containing a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, on the inside of which a stationary furrow former is mounted, while the disk is mounted on the bracket at an angle to the direction of movement from the inside, and on the outside it has a flange, which is a replaceable element in the form of half an ellipsoid of revolution, and behind the disk mounting bracket they are separated by zagotagami seed duct and piping, and the seed duct is installed below the piping by the size of the layer of land between the seeds and fertilizers (RU, patent No. 2223625. M. Kl ⁷ A 01 With 7/20. Combined single-disc opener. - Application No. 2002123633/12, stated September 4, 2002; publ. February 20, 2004, bull. No. 5).

The disadvantages of the described design are the discrepancy with the agrotechnical requirements, the placement of seeds and fertilizers in the groove, soil unloading before zagrotachi, the absence of a mulching layer of soil above the sown row, the impossibility of layer-by-layer soil compaction over fertilizers and seeds.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to prevent soil unloading before zagrotachki, layer-by-layer compaction of soil over fertilizers and seeds and placement of fertilizers and seeds with a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers.

The technical result is a combination of the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizing, sheltering fertilizers and seeds with compacted moist layers of soil with a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, obtaining stable, aligned seedlings, ensuring optimal nutrition conditions for the root system of plants.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known combined single-disc coulter containing a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, which is fixed on the bracket from the inside, and has a flange in the form of a removable element in the form of half an ellipsoid of rotation mounted behind the bracket the vas deferens and the conduit, each of which is equipped with a shortener located behind it, and the groove former, according to the invention, the conduit is placed in front of the vas deferens and is installed flax below it in the horizontal plane, the groove shaper mounted on the vas deferens and the bottom of each set earthing devices supporting-sealing roller; the bracket for mounting the support-sealing roller is located at the rear of the zagotach, the lower part of which is interfaced with the roller; behind the supporting-sealing roller of the vas deferens there is an adjustable leash with a ripper train.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a combined single-disc opener.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

In Fig.3 - view A in Fig.1, the profile of the shaper of the groove.

Figure 4 is a view B of figure 1, the design of the support-sealing roller.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the invention are as follows.

The combined single-disc coulter contains a vertically located flat disk 1 mounted on an arm 2. mounted at an angle β to the direction of movement. The axis of the disk 1 is angled 90 ° - β to the direction of movement. The leash 3 is connected to the frame of the seed section (not shown). On the outer side of the disk 1 is mounted a flange 4, which is an element in the form of half an ellipsoid of revolution. A scraper is fixed on a leash 3. The ribs are fastened to the disk using quick-detachable elements 6. On the inner side of the disk to the lower part of the bracket 2, a shaper 7 of the groove for laying seeds is fixed. The furrow former 7 is a wedge-shaped protrusion in the form of a keel with predetermined angles γ. In front of the seed groove former 7, a piping 8 is installed, which has a slice in the rear. The lower part of the piping 8 is located at the bottom of the groove formed by the disk 1. Behind the piping 8 is a shortener 9, which is mounted on the bracket 2 and has height adjustment. An adjustable leash 10 is attached to the bracket 2, to which the loop 11 and the seed tube 18 are attached. The lower part of the shortener 9 has an extension 13 made in the form of a spatula, and a support-sealing roller 14, which is fixed to the spatula 13 using the bracket 15. Behind the seed tube 12 a zagotach 16 is installed with a support-sealing roller 17.

The earthenware 16 and the vas deferens 12 with the furrow former 7 are fixed to the bracket 10 by a bolt 18. This allows the height of the earthing device 16 to be changed.

Combined single-disc opener works as follows.

When the seeder moves across the field, disc 1 cuts the soil and plant debris to the depth of fertilizer placement. This is facilitated by the restrictive flange 4, copying the relief of the field surface without disturbing its structure due to the ellipsoid shape. The adhering soil is removed from the surface of the flange with a scraper 5. The diameter of the flange 4 can be varied depending on the required depth of fertilizer placement using interchangeable elements of various diameters, which are fixed with quick-detachable elements 6. The bracket 2 is fixed on the leash 3 and ensures that the direction of movement and the traction force coincide. This keeps the coulter stable along the row axis. Fertilizers coming from the fertilizer sowing device are fed through the fertilizer line 8 and placed on the bottom of the groove formed by the disk 1. Zagortach 9 grabs the moist soil layer with a spatula 13, covers it with fertilizers, and the supporting-compaction roller 14 compacts the soil over the fertilizers. Shaper 7 forms a groove for laying seeds with angles of inclination γ of the walls to the horizon. Seeds coming through the vas deferens 12 are placed on the densified bottom of the groove and are fixed along the row axis. This allows you to provide a minimum value of the protective zone during inter-row processing. In the future, the spatula 16 captures the moist soil layer and covers them with seeds. The support-sealing roller 17 compacts the soil layer above the seeds, thereby providing optimal conditions for their growth, growth and development. Plume 11 captures the upper loosened soil layer and covers it with the sown row of seeds, which prevents the lower horizons of the soil from drying out and provides favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants.

The use of the developed design of the combined opener allows you to increase the field germination of seeds and increase productivity up to 80%. When using seeders with single-disc combined coulters, traction resistance is reduced by 15% and fuel consumption is reduced.

Claims (3)

1. Combined single-disc coulter containing a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, which is fixed on the bracket on the inside and on the outside has a flange in the form of a removable element in the form of half an ellipsoid of revolution, seed tube and tube duct mounted behind the bracket, each of which equipped with a shortener located behind it, and a furrow former, characterized in that the fertilizer duct is placed in front of the vas deferens and installed below it in a horizontal plane, the furrow former mounted on the vas deferens, and in the lower part of each zagortachka installed support-sealing roller. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket for attaching the support-sealing roller is located at the rear of the earthenware, the lower part of which is coupled to the roller. 3. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the supporting-sealing roller of the vas deferens is placed an adjustable leash with a loop-ripper.

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