RU2121831C1 - Preparation for prophylaxis and treatment of cattle with hypodermatosis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: preparation has an ivermectin or an avermectin as an active component at concentrations that are by some orders lower as in conventionally using agents. Preparation is not escaped with milk and therefore is used in lactating animals. Preparation shows high effectiveness and eliminated from a body rapidly. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of a preparation. 2 cl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for the prevention and treatment of cattle hypodermatosis - a dangerous disease caused by subcutaneous gadfly, whose larvae are parasitic in the body for 6 to 9 months, injuring the tissues and each cover of animals. In sick animals, milk and meat productivity and the quality of leather raw materials obtained from them are reduced. The causative agents of hypodermatosis are the larvae of the common gadfly Hypoderma bovis and the southern gadfly Hypoderma lineatum.

 A large number of drugs are known from different groups of chemical compounds that have a detrimental effect on the larvae when introduced into the body of an animal by oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular and cutaneous methods. The most widely used organophosphorus preparations such as ruelen, fenthion, warbex, chlorophos, neguvon, hypodermine-chlorophos, dioxafos and others. They are highly effective, but very toxic to animals, slowly excreted and excreted in milk, which makes it impossible to use them on lactating animals.

Among the recently developed new means of controlling pathogens of parasitic diseases, avermectins occupy a special place [1]. This is a new class of antibiotics with insecticidal, acaricidal and anthelmintic effects. Chemically, avermectins are macrocyclic lactones (esters of hydroxyl acid) isolated from soil microorganisms Streptomyces avermitiles. Their structure is based on a 16-element lactone ring, connected at position 13 with elements of the carbohydrates-alpha-α-oleandrosil-alpha α-oleandrosil. In veterinary practice, both avermectins and their semisynthetic analogs, 22,23-dihydroavermectin (invermectin), are very similar in structure, activity, toxicity and all other properties and differ only in that between carbons 22 and 23 in avermectin (abamectin) ) double bond (-CH = CH-), and ivermectin has a single bond and additional hydrogens on C ₂₂ and C ₂₃ (-CH ₂ - CH ₂ -).

Formulations based on avermectin and ivermectin for subcutaneous and cutaneous use, including for the prevention and treatment of bovine hypodermatosis, have been developed. For example, the composition of Ivomec includes, wt.%:
Ivermectin - 1.0
Glyceroformal - 40.0
Propylene glycol - Else up to 100.0
The composition of the drug aversect (pharmacin) [2] includes, wt.%:
Aversectin C (water-alcohol-polymer solution containing at least 1.8% of organic matter - 58.0
Inert forming components - 42.0
A 1% solution of ivomec or avermectin at a dose of 200 μg / kg body weight is subcutaneously applied, a 0.5% solution at a dose of 500 μg / kg is applied to the back. In these doses, the drugs cause the death of more than 95 - 98% of the larvae of the gadfly in the body of the animal. However, at the same time, they are excreted in milk for about two weeks, which prevents the use of double animals and for a long time, for 21 - 28 days or more, is retained in the body, limiting this period to the possible use of meat products.

 The aim of the invention is to develop a drug for the prevention and treatment of hypodermatosis in cattle using a smaller, compared with the known amount of avermectin or ivermectin, suitable for use in double animals, providing a short period of excretion of residual amounts of the active principle from the body.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the composition of the drug as an active principle is used ivermectin or avermectin in an amount of 0.005 - 0.05%, which is two orders of magnitude less than in known preparative forms. This allows you to reduce toxicity, shorten the time for the removal of residual amounts of the active principle from the body of the treated animals, allows the processing of dairy cattle, since the drug is not excreted in milk. As a solvent, the preparation contains triethylene glycol harmless to the body in an amount of 50 - 90%, which also has a disinfecting effect, which is important with the injection method of drug administration. Additionally, isopropanol is included in the preparation as a solubilizing-disinfecting component.

A study of the toxicodynamics of the developed drug showed that it is low toxic: LD ₅₀ for white mice by oral administration of 7.8 g / kg body weight. The drug is not excreted in milk in cows treated by it; it is more rapidly excreted from the body in comparison with known drugs.

 Extensive production tests conducted in a number of areas have shown that the drug is highly effective when used in the autumn to prevent hypodermatosis and in the spring when treating sick animals at doses 1000 times lower than using known drugs.

 For example, the well-known drugs Ivomek, Aversect and other similar drugs are recommended to be used subcutaneously by injection in the form of a 1% solution at a dose of 200 μg / kg body weight. The preparation developed according to the present invention allows to achieve a 100% prophylactic and therapeutic effect against cattle hypodermatosis when used subcutaneously at a concentration of 0.005% at a dose of 0.2 μg / kg body weight. The same high result was obtained from the cutaneous use of the drug at a concentration of 0.005-0.05% at doses of 1-5 μg / kg instead of the commonly used dose of ivomec at 500 μg / kg.

Example 1. On a cattle farm LLP "Flame" Dukhovshchinsky district of Smolensk region 10/26/94, in order to prevent hypodermatosis was introduced under the skin in the neck of 8 cows in 2 ml of 0.005% drug based on ivermectin (22,23- dihydroavermectin B ₁ ), a dose of 0.2 μg / kg body weight. The drug had the following composition, wt.%:
Ivermectin - 0.005
Isopropanol - 10.0
Triethylene glycol - Up to 100.0
6 cows were left untreated in the control. On palpation examination of 04.17.95, no gadfly larvae were found in the animals treated with the preparation. All control cows were affected by larvae, the total number of which was 237 (39 larvae per animal).

Example 2. On the same farm LLP "Flame" 10/26/94 were treated with a drug based on avermectin B ₁ two groups of cows. In one group of 8 animals, a preparation in the form of a 0.005% solution was administered at a dose of 0.2 μg / kg, and in another group of 9 cows, a 0.05% solution at a dose of 2 μg / kg of body weight. From a dose of 0.2 μg / kg in 6 animals out of 9 larvae were not found, in 2 animals 7 and 9 larvae. From a dose of 2 μg / kg, the efficacy during the check of April 17, 1995 was 100%.

The composition of the drug is the following, wt.%:
Avermectin B ₁ - 0.005
Isopraponol - 10.0
Triethylene glycol - Up to 100.0
Example 3. On the farm LLP "Flame" with a 0.005% preparation based on ivermectin, 10.26 cows were treated by backwash at a dose of 0.5 μg / kg of 10 cows and a 0.05% solution of avermectin B ₁ in dose of 5 mcg / kg body weight another 10 cows. When examining 17.047.95, gadfly larvae were not found in cows of both groups. The composition of the drug is indicated in examples 1 and 2.

 Example 4. In order to determine the allocation of ivermectin with milk, an experiment was performed on 7 cows. Two cows were treated with a 0.005% preparation (dose 0.5 μg / kg) and two cows with a 0.05% preparation (dose 5 μg / kg) by backwash. For one cow, a 0.005% drug based on ivermectin (the composition is indicated in Example 1) was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 μg / kg and one at a dose of 2 μg / kg. To control one cow, 1% ivomec was administered at a dose of 200 μg / kg subcutaneously. The drug was found in milk in an amount of 6.7 ng / ml only in a cow treated with ivomek. Studies were performed using two methods: biological, on mosquito larvae, with a sensitivity of 1 ng / ml, and thin-layer chromatography with ultraviolet densitometry with a sensitivity of 2 ng / ml.

 The invention allows to obtain a significant economic effect by reducing the consumption of the active principle in the preparation, shortening the “waiting” time after its use and the possibility of preventing the disease of lactating animals with hypodermatosis.

Literature
1. William C. Campbell. Ivermectin and Abamection. 1-363. Springer Werlad New Jork Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo.

 2. Simetsky M. A., Udavliev D. I., Filippov V. V., Mitasov A. M., Talanov G. A., Mosin V. A., Kruglyak E.B., Kruglyak E.B., Drinyaev V.A., Yurkiv V.A. Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of Ivomec and Aversect. Veterinary Medicine, 1994, N 1, p. 40 - 42.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation for the prevention and treatment of cattle hypodermatosis, containing ivermectin and avermectin and a solvent as an active principle, characterized in that it further comprises a solubilizing-disinfecting component, mainly isopropanol, and triethylene glycol as a solvent in the following ratio, wt.% :
Ivermectin or Avermectin - 0.005 - 0.05
Isopropanol - 10.0 - 50.0
Triethylene Glycol - Rest to 100.0
2. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that as a solubilizing-disinfecting component, substances from the group of monohydric fatty alcohols are used.