RU2111126C1 - Method of artistic-decorative modification of article surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of consumer goods, in particular, manufacturing methods of artistic-decorative modification of article surfaces. SUBSTANCE: method offers heat treatment of article surfaces at degreasing at $$$=200-220 C for $$$=10-12 h; then the surfaces are primed and dried at $$$=170-180 C for $$$=30-40 min; and the underlying-decorative coating is made a multilayer one with employment of varnish with pigments of enamels as suspension with working viscosity of 3 to 37 s; after each enamel coating the article is subjected to drying at $$$=105-110 C for $$$ 1-2.5 h, and after painting of the above coating - at $$$=70-80 C for $$$=11-36 h; the underlying-decorative coating at least between two enamel layers and before application of painting, is subjected to wet polishing with a forced predrying after it at $$$= 30-40 C for $$$=10-20 min. After each layer of varnish coating articles are coated at $$$=80-95 C for 1-3.5 h. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 4 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of consumer goods and can be used in technological processes of artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products painted with art paints.

A known method of decorative modification of the surfaces of products, for example made of metal (samovars, trays, etc.), which consists in the fact that the surface of the product is prepared by degreasing, priming, and then they apply a protective and decorative coating using enamel [1]
When degreasing the surfaces of products, solvents are used: for example, turpentine gum, gasoline, and when performing a protective and decorative coating - enamel ML-169 based on alkyd melamine-formaldehyde resin, the first coating layer is applied with enamel at a working viscosity of 18-23 using a B3-4 viscometer s the consumption rate of 30-50 g / m ² , followed by exposure to air for 20 to 40 minutes, and then a second layer of the specified enamel is applied with a consumption rate of 100 to 120 g / m ² . The resulting protective and decorative coating is cured by drying products at T _sush = 120 ^o C and t _sush = 60 minutes

 However, the protective-decorative coating obtained in a known manner has drawbacks in the form of roughness and inflows of enamel due to its low working viscosity and significantly lower consumption rates when applying the second layer. The coating has a significant gloss (gloss). These shortcomings exclude the possibility for the specified coating painting with artistic paints. These drying modes of the coating do not provide sufficiently effective curing. In general, these shortcomings worsen the appearance of the surfaces of the products and its decorative value.

However, there is a known method of artistic and decorative modification of surfaces of products, for example, made of metal, which consists in preparing the surfaces of products by degreasing them by applying a decorative coating on the surface using a suspension of varnish and an alcohol solution of organic dyes "3" and / or " 2G ", in the curing of the obtained coating by drying products at T _sushi. = 100 - 120 ^o C and t _sushi. = 30 - 40 min, in painting on the formed undercoat-decorative coating with art oil paints, in drying after painting, in multiple varnishing with drying after each coat of varnish at T _sushi. = 60 - 100 ^o C and t _sushi. = 55 - 60 min [2].

However, when applying a suspension of varnish with pigments to a defatted surface of the product, the scratches and samples obtained on the specified surface are not filled, the underlying decorative coating obtained after curing has irregularities, which is explained by the low working viscosity of the used suspension of varnish with pigments and the single-layer coating applied. At the same time, the resulting decorative coating has a slight thickness and a high degree of gloss, which makes it difficult to carry out subsequent technological operations for painting on it and leveling the surfaces after painting by grinding. Specified in the known method, the drying mode after applying the varnish layers T _sushi. = 60 - 100 ^o C and t _sushi. = 55 - 60 min is effective only with a certain selection of hardeners for varnish, which reduces the productivity of the process and complicates it. The specified mode of drying products after performing on the underlying decorative coating mural at T _sushi. = 60 ^o C and t _sushi. = 60 min or at T _sushi. = 100 ^o C and t _sushi. = 30 min is ineffective, because in one case there is a shortage of oil paints, especially with significant volumes of painting, and in the other case, the pigment burns out of the paints. In general, when implementing the known method, the quality of the artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products is not high enough, and the specified technological process is limited to use only on products in the artistic and decorative modification of surfaces of which imitation of gilding is provided.

 In addition, when implementing known methods of artistic and decorative modification of product surfaces, significant amounts of solvents are used, for example, when degreasing surfaces such as mineral spirits, gasoline, which leads to the complication of technological processes and to an increase in labor costs during their implementation.

 As a prototype of the claimed technical solution, the method of artistic and decorative modification of product surfaces [2] was chosen as the closest technical solution in terms of the combination and interconnection of technical methods / operations / according to the materials and modes used for their implementation.

 The technical result is to improve the quality of the artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products, productivity by improving the appearance of the surfaces of products and reducing labor costs when implementing the specified surface modification.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products, which consists in preparing the surfaces of the products by degreasing them, in applying a decorative coating on the surface using a suspension of varnish with pigments, in drying, in painting on the resulting coating with oil paints , in drying, in subsequent varnishing with drying after each layer of varnish coating, according to the invention, the product is proposed for degreasing by heat treatment at T _sushi. = 200 - 220 ^o C and t _sushi. = 10 - 12 hours, then the surface of the product is primed and dried at T _sushi. = 170 - 180 ^o C and t _sushi. = 30 - 40 min, and the undercoat-decorative coating is multilayered when using varnish with pigments as an suspension of enamel with a working viscosity of 30 - 37 s, and the product is dried after T layer of enamel coating at T _sushi. = 105 - 110 ^o C and t _sushi. = 1 - 2.5 hours, and after painting the specified coating products are dried at T _sushi. = 70 - 80 ^o C and t _sushi. = 11 - 36 hours, and the underlying decorative coating between the intermediate layers of the applied enamel and before applying to the specified coating, the murals are subjected to grinding with forced drying of the latter at T _sushi. = 30 - 40 ^o C and t _sushi. = 10 - 30 minutes

It is proposed to dry products after applying each coat of varnish to produce at T _sushi. = 80 - 95 ^o C and t _sushi. = 1 - 3.5 hours.

When priming the surfaces of products, primarily primers based on water-borne resins with a working viscosity of 24 to 28 seconds and a flow rate of 55 to 60 g / m ^{2 are used} , while pentaphthalic enamels are used when performing decorative and decorative coatings.

This method of artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products can be implemented on products whose material is resistant to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (170 - 220 ^o C), for example, on products made of metal, metallized, on products made of a certain type of heat-resistant plastic on products made of ceramics.

 The method of artistic and decorative modification of surfaces is realized using traditionally known technological equipment: stamping equipment for sheet metal, molding equipment for ceramics or heat-resistant plastics, material handling equipment, electrical equipment, etc.

 When implementing the proposed method, traditionally known materials are used for its implementation: solvents such as white spirit, gasoline, etc., as well as varnishes, enamels, art oil paints, etc.

 The method of artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products is as follows.

A product is formed, for example, by cutting sheet metal into blanks of certain sizes, followed by stamping from them to obtain products, for example, in the form of trays; eliminate various defects in the shape of the product; prepare the surface of the product by degreasing them, while when degreasing the surfaces of the product they are subjected to heat treatment at T _sushi. = 200 - 220 ^o C and t _sushi. = 10 - 12 hours; eliminate various defects from the surfaces of the product after degreasing, for example, corrosion, using grinding and / or solvents; priming the surfaces of the product, followed by drying at T _sushi. = 170 - 180 ^o C and t _sushi. = 30 - 40 min, while primers use primers with a working viscosity of 24 - 28 sec with a flow rate of 55 - 60 g / m ² . When priming surfaces, primers are mainly used based on water-borne resins of type B-ML-0143 having high adhesive strength to the product material used; after priming the surfaces, a decorative-decorative coating is applied using a suspension of varnish with dyes, which are used enamels with a working viscosity of 30 - 37 sec / according to the B3-4 / viscometer. The implementation of the underlying decorative coating of enamel improves the covering ability of the surfaces, their porosolubility, while the specified enamel working viscosity / 30 - 37 sec / and the flow rate / 55 - 60 g / m ² / provide conditions for effective pneumatic spraying, the absence of bursts on primed surfaces. The undercoat-decorative coating is carried out by repeatedly applying enamel layers, at least at five. When performing decorative and decorative coatings, pentaphthalic enamels are used predominantly, for example, PF-115, PF-133 brands, which, in particular, corresponds to the artistic and decorative modification of the surface of the product to obtain a painting on a black background. You can use melamine enamels, for example ML-169. After applying each layer of enamel coating, it is cured at T _sushi. = 105 - 110 ^o C, t _sushi. = 1 - 2.5 hours, and between the applied layers of enamel coating, for example between 2 and 3 layers, the surface of the product after curing the corresponding coating layer is subjected to wet grinding followed by forced drying at T _su. = 30 - 40 ^o C and t _sushi. = 10 - 20 min, which gives the underlying decorative coating a proper evenness, while there are no cloudy spots on the coating. Intermediate grinding of the coating improves its subsequent adhesive strength to the applied enamel layers, and also reduces the overall gloss of the underlying decorative coating, and in general, a decrease in the gloss of this coating with dullness is provided by wet grinding of the coating before painting it with art paints. Wet grinding of the underlying decorative coating before applying the painting is carried out similarly to that described with the same mode of forced drying. When performing a decorative undercoat, the materials used, in particular enamels, must satisfy the technical requirements for them regarding the color of the enamel of the film, and the absence of extraneous inclusions.

Then, decorative decorative oil painting is applied to the underlying decorative coating. The execution of the painting is carried out in several stages: the painting is done (hiding) of individual sections on a certain contour of the composition, the flaking is performed, intermediate operations are performed, for example, stripping of reliefs, then the shadows are applied to the individual painting elements and other painting techniques are performed, while painting the surface of the product is dried, and after the final painting operation is dried at T _sushi. = 70 - 80 ^o C and t _sushi. = 11 - 36 hours. The specified mode of drying products after painting corresponds to the technological requirements for the complete drying of paints without the burning of their pigments, which is especially important when painting on large surface areas. This circumstance is especially significant when performing artistic and decorative modification of surfaces of products according to the Zhostovo painting method, which is characterized by a multi-stage execution of painting on large areas.

After surface painting, the product is repeatedly varnished using mainly pentaphthalic varnishes / PF-117, PF-283 / with pneumatic spraying. After each layer of varnish coating, the products are dried at T _sushi. = 80 - 95 ^o C for t _sushi. = 1 - 3.5 hours.

 When carrying out the artistic and decorative modification of product surfaces according to the claimed method, said surfaces are smooth, even, have no smudges and fillings of enamels, paints, varnishes, the color gamut is saturated, and there is no stained varnish coating.

 So, after performing an undercoat-decorative coating with enamels, the latter acquire a matte shade, which improves the application of art paintings on them, while preserving the tonality of the latter. When the claimed drying modes of the products ensures the complete burnout of fat and other spots on the surface of the products when they are degreasing, the consumption of sanitary and hygienic harmful substances is reduced, productivity increases, while the claimed drying modes of the products, both when degreasing surfaces and after priming, provide technological requirements for eliminating changes in the external shape of the product. The indicated modes of drying products during the laying of decorative coatings, painting surfaces with art oil paints, varnish coatings satisfy all the technological requirements for drying the materials used during surface treatment, the absence of cracking during heat treatment, the preservation of color tone, and the absence of dryness of the varnish film.

 Obtained as a result of the claimed method of artistic and decorative modification of the surface of the product were evaluated for thermal and moisture resistance, wear resistance, these indicators in accordance with the implementation of the method exceeded similar results by the known method by an average of 10 - 15%.

 This method will find wide application in the artistic and decorative modification of surfaces of products of various shapes made of heat-resistant materials such as metal, ceramics, heat-resistant plastics, while when painting on large surface areas, the quality of the artistic and decorative modification of surfaces corresponds to technological requirements.

Claims (4)

1. The method of artistic and decorative modification of the surfaces of products, which consists in the fact that the surfaces of the product are prepared by degreasing them, a decorative coating is applied to the surface using a suspension of varnish with pigments, dried, and then painted with art oil paints, dried and varnished with drying after each layer of varnish coating, characterized in that when degreasing the surfaces of the products, the latter is heat treated at T _{with y w} = 200 - 220 ^o C and t _{with y w} = 10 - 12 h, then the surface is ground _They are pressed and dried at T _{s at w} = 170 - 180 ^o C and t _{s at w} = 30 - 40 min, the undercoat-decorative coating is multilayer when using varnish with pigment enamels with a working viscosity of 30 - 37 s as a suspension, while the product after each layer of enamel coating is dried at T _{with a w} = 105 - 110 ^o C and t _{with a w} = 1 - 2.5 hours, and after painting the specified coating at T _{with a w} = 70 - 80 ^o C and t _{s at w} = 11 - 36 hours, and the underlying decorative coating between at least two layers of enamel coating and before applying the painting to it is subjected to wet grinding with forced drying after it at T _{with y w} = 30 - 40 ^o C and t _{with y w} = 10 - 20 min. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying of the products after each layer of varnish is carried out at T _{with a w} = 80 - 95 ^o C and at t _{with a w} = 1 - 3.5 hours 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use primers based on water-borne resins with a working viscosity of 24 to 28 s and a flow rate of 55 to 60 g / m ² .  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when applying a decorative undercoat, pentaphthalic or melamine enamels are used, and pentaphthalic varnishes are used for varnishing.