RU210575U1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATING CADMIUM FROM NICKEL-CADMIUM SCRAP - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing nickel-cadmium scrap, in particular to devices for evaporating cadmium from scrap. The device for separating cadmium from nickel-cadmium scrap contains a furnace with heating elements located along the perimeter of the furnace body, a container for nickel-cadmium scrap located inside the furnace, a cadmium collection condenser located outside the furnace and connected to it by a branch pipe. Herewith, the container for nickel-cadmium scrap is sealed and connected hermetically to the cadmium collection condenser by means of the said branch pipe, and the branch pipe is made with the possibility of heating at least part of it to the cadmium melting temperature. Efficient collection of cadmium and protection of the furnace space from evaporating cadmium are ensured. 8 w.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The field of technology to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to the field of means for evaporating, in particular to means for evaporating cadmium from scrap.

The level of technology.

A solution for the processing of nickel-cadmium scrap is known (RU 2222618 C1, publ. 2004.01.27). The essence of the known invention lies in the fact that a solid or liquid oxidizer is introduced into the original scrap, heated to a temperature of 350-600 ° C, kept for at least 0.5 h, cooled and subjected to magnetic separation with separation into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions, which are separately they are reduced with carbon and/or hydrogen, and/or compounds containing them, and then the non-magnetic fraction is melted to obtain metallic cadmium, and the magnetic fraction is melted to obtain an iron-nickel alloy. EFFECT: increased extraction of cadmium and production of products in metallic form.

However, this decision does not disclose the use of a container to be placed in a furnace in which cadmium is melted and evaporated.

A solution for the processing of nickel-cadmium scrap is known (RU 2164956 C1, publ. 2001.04.10). A well-known invention relates to the field of obtaining secondary non-ferrous metals by non-metallurgical methods, in particular, from scrap of used nickel-cadmium batteries. Scrap before leaching is transferred into a homogeneous loose mass, differing in magnetic properties; separating the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions and leaching nickel from the magnetic fraction, and cadmium from the non-magnetic fraction. The method allows separating scrap fractions containing nickel and cadmium prior to leaching and almost completely extracting both components in pure form, and the resulting insoluble residue consists mainly of iron oxide and is a commercial product.

However, this decision does not disclose the use of a container to be placed in a furnace in which cadmium is melted and evaporated.

Known as a prototype means for processing nickel-cadmium scrap (EN 2296170 C1, publ. 2007.03.27). In a known solution, the scrap is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 200-300°C and held at this temperature to distill residual water, the temperature is raised to 500-700°C and the dehydrated scrap is kept in a reducing gaseous medium at this temperature to distill off residual non-metallic fractions, subsequent increase in temperature to 850-1000°C and exposure of the rest of the scrap at this temperature until the complete evaporation of cadmium. The evaporated cadmium is sent to the condenser, it is cooled in the condenser until it changes to a solid state, and the cadmium is subsequently unloaded from the condenser and nickel from the furnace. Scrap is placed in the furnace with at least one layer of thickness d, satisfying the ratio:

where D is the effective diffusion coefficient of cadmium in the volume of nickel-cadmium scrap, m ² /s; τ is the duration of the cadmium evaporation process, s; N _o - the initial content of cadmium in the scrap, wt.%; N - the amount of evaporated cadmium, wt.%, provides an increase in the degree of extraction of cadmium and obtaining high-purity Nickel and cadmium.

However, this decision does not disclose the use of a kiln placement container in which cadmium is melted and evaporated, the scrap being placed in the kiln in an open position.

Disclosure of utility model.

In one aspect of the utility model, a means for separating cadmium from nickel-cadmium scrap is disclosed, comprising:

- bake;

- heating elements located along the perimeter of the furnace body;

- a scrap container located inside the furnace;

- a cadmium collection condenser located outside the furnace and connected to the furnace by means of a branch pipe;

characterized by the fact that

- the container is hermetically connected to the condenser with the help of the said branch pipe.

In additional aspects of the utility model, it is disclosed that the oven comprises a hearth; the branch pipe and the container contain flanges made with the possibility of tight connection with each other; the branch pipe is located in a hole made in the rear wall of the furnace body; the branch pipe, at least in its part, is made in the form of a corrugated pipe; the container is made of steel; the container contains a layer of carbonaceous material placed on top of the scrap; under contains a recess for placing the container; the condenser is heated; the end of the pipe connected to the container is located above the end of the pipe connected to the condenser.

The main task solved by the claimed utility model is the efficient collection of cadmium evaporating from scrap.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the means for separating cadmium contains a heating furnace and a cadmium condenser, moreover, the furnace contains a sealed container in which scrap is placed, a plurality of heating coils located on all sides of the container, a branch pipe hermetically attached to the container for removing evaporating cadmium.

The technical result achieved by the solution is more efficient collection of evaporating cadmium, protection of the furnace space from evaporating cadmium.

Brief description of the drawings.

1 shows a scrap recovery furnace.

Implementation of the utility model.

The claimed solution is a chamber furnace with a cadmium condenser. The furnace includes a housing 101, heating elements 102, a container 103 (figure 1).

The body 101 of the furnace is made of steel, the interior of the body 101 contains heat insulation, on the surface of the heat-insulating material there are heating elements 102, made in the form of heating coils. The inner surface of the furnace is a parallelepiped, which is installed sealed steel container 103 with scrap. Instead of steel, another material with a melting point of at least 1000°C can be used.

The proposed design provides an efficient (in terms of the collected amount of metal) collection of evaporating cadmium due to the fact that it does not settle on the walls of the furnace and all enters the condenser 104.

Spirals are located on all sides of the body 101 to ensure uniform heating of the scrap, which ensures uniform melting and evaporation of cadmium, due to this, due to overheating, the walls of the container 103 do not burn through, and there is no local increased level of cadmium oxidation.

The container 103 is hermetically connected to the condenser 104 external to the furnace by means of a pipe 105. The container 103 contains nickel-cadmium scrap in the lower layer and carbonaceous material in the upper layer. The carbonaceous material is needed to reduce the cadmium oxide to cadmium, which improves the collection efficiency of cadmium metal since it does not have to be separated from the cadmium oxide. The carbonaceous material may be poured on top of the scrap, or the container 103 may be two levels separated by a perforated partition.

The hermetic design of container 103 protects the oven from cadmium settling and prolongs its service life.

Condenser 104 is a vessel in which cadmium gas is cooled and solidified. The condenser 104 may be connected to a purification unit 106 which purifies the vapors coming from the condenser 104 and vents them to the atmosphere. At least a portion of the nozzle 105 entering the condenser 104 is heated to the melting point of cadmium so that the cadmium does not settle on the nozzle 105 but enters the condenser 104, using a heating coil or induction heating means.

The condenser 104 can be located on the body 101 of the furnace or can be connected to it only by a pipe 105, which does not affect the essence of the solution.

The work of the proposed tool.

Nickel-cadmium scrap is loaded into the furnace container 103 and covered with a layer of carbon-containing material, the container 103 is placed in the furnace, the heating elements 102 are energized, the temperature in the furnace is maintained above the boiling point of cadmium (764.85 ° C), preferably maintained at a temperature of 900 to 1000°C, which ensures efficient evaporation of cadmium and preserves the integrity of the container. Evaporating cadmium enters condenser 104 through pipe 105, where it is cooled and collected.

Detailed description of embodiments.

In one embodiment, the oven includes a hearth that facilitates the loading of scrap and carbonaceous material by allowing the hearth to be pulled out. In this case, hermetic contact between the container 103 and the condenser 104 can be ensured by connecting the container 103 and the nozzle 105, which occurs when the hearth moves inside the furnace, since the container 103 is essentially stationary relative to the hearth. To more reliably ensure tight contact in the hearth, a notch or guides can be made to accurately position the container 103 at a predetermined location on the hearth.

Hermetic contact between the container 103 and the condenser 104 can be provided by means of flanges that are tightly connected to each other by means of tongues and grooves. If necessary, the connection can be reinforced with threaded fasteners. For additional sealing of the connection, an asbestos gasket is used.

By tightness is meant a connection that is tight enough so that evaporating cadmium does not pass through it and enter the furnace space between container 103 and body 101.

Nozzle 105 may be located in the side or rear wall of the oven, preferably in the back wall, since this arrangement makes it easier to ensure close contact by moving the container 103 with a flange to the nozzle 105 with a flange when the hearth moves. When the branch pipe 105 is located in the side wall, it is preferable to strengthen the connection of the flanges using threaded connection means (bolts and nuts) or to provide such a flange connection that ensures tightness with a lateral displacement of the container 103 relative to the furnace body 101.

It is expedient to make the nozzle 105 at least partially corrugated in order to compensate for the thermal expansion of the container 103 and the furnace.

The embodiments are not limited to the embodiments described here, other embodiments of the utility model will become apparent to a person skilled in the art based on the information set forth in the description and the knowledge of the prior art, which do not go beyond the essence and scope of this utility model.

Elements mentioned in the singular do not exclude the plurality of elements, unless otherwise specified.

The elements of the proposed device are located in a common housing, are structurally and functionally connected to each other through assembly (assembly) operations.

Although the exemplary embodiments have been described in detail and shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that such embodiments are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the wider utility model and that the utility model should not be limited to the particular arrangements and structures shown and described. as various other modifications may be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. A device for separating cadmium from nickel-cadmium scrap containing a furnace with heating elements located around the perimeter of the furnace body, a container for nickel-cadmium scrap located inside the furnace, a cadmium collection condenser located outside the furnace and connected to it by a pipe, differing by the fact that the nickel-cadmium scrap container is sealed and connected tightly to the cadmium collection condenser by means of the mentioned branch pipe, while the branch pipe is configured to heat at least a part of it to the cadmium melting temperature. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace is made with a hearth. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle and the container contain flanges made for tight connection with each other. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is located in a hole made in the rear wall of the furnace body. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is at least partially made in the form of a corrugated pipe. 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is made of steel. 7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the under is made with a recess for placing the container. 8. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the condenser is made heated. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the pipe connected to the container is located above the end of the pipe connected to the condenser.

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