RU2198372C2 - Shield ( variants ) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection of personnel and armament, means camouflaging and protection against bullets and fragments of ammunition. SUBSTANCE: given shield includes armor sheet and fixtures for its transfer or rolling, for observation and firing and is fitted with means for reconstruction of cut vegetation. Flat or convex shield is made of non-reflecting perforated sheet of irregular form without right or acute angles on top and side edges with ratio of perforation to total surface 1:2...1:4 within limits of perforated zone. Shield can be manufactured from special cloth pulled over frame. Invention carries mathematical dependencies obtained experimentally as well as characteristics of material with perforation. EFFECT: diminished probability of detection of personnel, enhanced protection of personnel against bullets and fragments. 7 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of protection of people and weapons, and in particular to means of camouflage and protection against bullets and fragments of ammunition.

 In mobile forms of combat, which are currently the main ones, the skillful use of weapons and people’s defense means is of great importance. Therefore, the modern equipment of a soldier provides for body armor and helmets. However, the face and neck remain unprotected. In the designs of artillery systems and some types of automatic weapons, armor plates are provided that provide protection for calculations from bullets and fragments of ammunition. Protection against bullets and fragments of ammunition is especially relevant in connection with the widespread conduct of peacekeeping operations and the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya. In Chechnya, troops have to conduct offensive operations against the enemy, who often has well-prepared advantageous positions. At the same time, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation find themselves in well-shelled areas, often with rocky ground that does not allow quick digging, which leads to significant losses. The personnel, guarding themselves from injuries and death during the bombing of armored personnel carriers (BMPs) on HEs, are located on their armor and remain unprotected from snipers, fragments of ammunition and sudden fire attacks from small arms. At temporary deployment points and at roadblocks, personnel are subjected to sudden attacks from small arms. At the same time, people at observation posts behind checkpoint constructions and fortifications are forced to constantly or periodically be in cells (shelling sectors, loopholes), where they are almost quite visible, are recognized in the visible and infrared wavelengths by characteristic unmasking signs and are amazed snipers and other small arms fighters. Personnel transported in a car body are not protected from bullets and ammunition splinters. All this leads to significant losses and injuries, which causes the need for this invention.

 The designs of shields used from ancient times to the 15 ... 17 centuries are known. Such shields were an element of protective weapons to protect the warrior from being struck by knives. Shields of various shapes (round, oval, rectangular, triangular, etc.) were made of wood, leather and metal [1]. The shields had devices for its transfer or rolling, installation (in particular, during the construction of light fortifications), observation, and sometimes firing from crossbows.

 A disadvantage of the well-known shields is that they do not fully protect people from bullets and fragments of modern ammunition, as well as their disguise, since they have a strictly regular (round, oval, rectangular and triangular) shape and, as a rule, bright color. In addition, their size and components that ensure their operation do not allow the use of such shields in modern combat.

 Known armored steel sheets with a thickness of 3 ... 10 mm for some artillery guns and machine guns to protect the calculations and mechanisms from bullets and fragments of ammunition [1]. Such armor plates have devices for transferring or rolling along with gun and machine gun barrels, installation, in particular, on gun mounts of guns and machine guns, observation and firing. It is known that devices for monitoring and firing can be equipped with a valve (damper) [2].

 The disadvantage of armor plates, selected as a prototype of the claimed invention, is that the observation devices are made in the form of a slot in the armor, and the increase in the effectiveness of modern small arms ensures accurate hit in this slot even without sniper equipment. At the same time, the observer is forced to constantly be at this slot, which ensures almost 100% damage to it. In addition, the armor plates of artillery systems and automatic weapons have the correct predominantly rectangular shape with right angles, which, despite coloring them against the background of vegetation, provides the enemy with their detection and recognition.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the security (preservation of life and reduce the likelihood of injuries) of military personnel conducting combat operations in peacekeeping counter-terrorism and other operations by reducing the likelihood of their detection and increasing the protection of military personnel from bullets and fragments of ammunition.

где h - толщина листа, мм;
g - масса пули или осколка боеприпаса, г;
ν - скорость прямого удара осколка боеприпаса или пули, м/с;
К_п - коэффициент, учитывающий характеристики перфорированного листа, ед. ;
С_м - коэффициент, характеризующий сопротивляемость материала листа прониканию сквозь него осколка боеприпаса или пули, в частности: пластмассы - С_м = 5; дюралюминия - С_м = 11; чугуна - С_м = 17; конструкционной стали - С_м = 22; бронебойной стали - С_м = 28;
во-вторых, отверстия перфорации выполнены в виде усеченного конуса, причем коэффициент К_п принят исходя из соотношения перфорации к полной поверхности в пределах перфорированной зоны противоположной от наблюдателя стороны щита, которой принадлежат основания конусов;
в-третьих, перфорация выполнена участками с возможностью обзора пространства из-за щита;
в-четвертых, он оснащен узлами крепления на броне (корпусе) боевых машин (транспортеров).This task is achieved in that the shield containing the armor plate made of bullet and ammunition-resistant material and equipped with devices for its transfer or rolling, installation, observation and firing, the latter, in particular, is equipped with a valve according to the invention:
firstly, it is equipped with installation units for cut vegetation and is made of non-reflective, irregular in shape without straight and sharp angles along the upper and lateral edges, perforated, with a perforation to full surface ratio of 1: 2 ... 1: 4 within the perforated zone, thick or flat sheet

where h is the thickness of the sheet, mm;
g is the mass of a bullet or a fragment of ammunition, g;
ν is the speed of direct impact of a fragment of ammunition or a bullet, m / s;
To _p - coefficient taking into account the characteristics of the perforated sheet, units ;
C _m - coefficient characterizing the resistance of the sheet material to penetration through it of a fragment of ammunition or bullets, in particular: plastics - C _m = 5; duralumin - C _m = 11; cast iron - C _m = 17; structural steel - C _m = 22; armor-piercing steel - C _m = 28;
secondly, the perforation holes are made in the form of a truncated cone, and the coefficient K _{p is} adopted based on the ratio of perforation to the full surface within the perforated zone of the side of the shield opposite to the observer to which the bases of the cones belong;
thirdly, the perforation is made in areas with the ability to view the space from behind the shield;
fourthly, it is equipped with attachment points on the armor (hull) of military vehicles (transporters).

где h - толщина пластины, мм;
g - масса пули или осколка боеприпаса, г;
ν - скорость прямого удара осколка боеприпаса или пули, м/с;
К_п - коэффициент, учитывающий характеристики перфорированной зоны, ед., в частности, в зоне без перфорации К_п = 1;
С_м - коэффициент, характеризующий сопротивляемость материала пластины прониканию сквозь него осколка боеприпаса или пули, в частности: пластмассы - С_м = 5; дюралюминия - С_м = 11; чугуна - С_м = 17; конструкционной стали - С_м = 22; бронебойной стали С_м = 28;
в-третьих, рамка, в частности, из дюралюминиевой трубки является одновременно съемной рамкой вещевого мешка (рюкзака).This task is achieved according to the second option in that the shield containing a sheet made of material resistant to bullets and ammunition fragments and equipped with devices for its transfer:
firstly, it is made of a special multilayer bulletproof fabric stretched over a frame made, in particular, of a duralumin tube;
secondly, on the plates mounted in the fabric, perforation is performed at a perforation to surface ratio of 1: 2 ... 1: 4 within the perforated zone, and the plate thickness is

where h is the plate thickness, mm;
g is the mass of a bullet or a fragment of ammunition, g;
ν is the speed of direct impact of a fragment of ammunition or a bullet, m / s;
To _p - coefficient taking into account the characteristics of the perforated zone, units, in particular, in the zone without perforation To _p = 1;
C _m - coefficient characterizing the resistance of the plate material to penetration through it of a fragment of ammunition or bullets, in particular: plastics - C _m = 5; duralumin - C _m = 11; cast iron - C _m = 17; structural steel - C _m = 22; armor-piercing steel C _m = 28;
thirdly, the frame, in particular from a dural tube, is at the same time a removable frame of a duffel bag (backpack).

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:
figure 1 is a shield containing a flat armor plate for individual protection of a soldier (view from the side of the protected soldier);
figure 2 is the same (side view);
figure 3 is the same (view from the enemy);
neither figure 4 is the same (top view);
in FIG. 5 - shield containing a curved armor plate with perforation sections for individual protection of a soldier (view from the side of the protected soldier);
figure 6 is the same (side view);
Fig.7 is the same (top view);
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a perforated hole;
figure 9 - mountain backpack;
figure 10 - duralumin frame of the backpack with bulletproof fabric;
figure 11 is the same (with perforated metal plates).

The tables show:
in table 1 - specific examples of the thickness of the shield depending on the accepted g, ν, K _p , C _m ;
in table 2 - the ratio of perforation and coefficient K _p .

где h - толщина листа (пластины), мм;
g - масса пули или осколка боеприпаса, г;
ν - скорость прямого удара осколка боеприпаса или пули, м/с;
К_п - коэффициент, учитывающий характеристики перфорированного листа; в частности, для щита без перфорации - К_п = 1;
С_м - коэффициент, характеризующий сопротивляемость материала листа прониканию сквозь него осколка боеприпаса или пули, в частности: пластмассы - С_м = 5; дюралюминия - С_м = 11; чугуна - С_м = 17; конструкционной стали - С_м = 22; бронебойной стали - С_м = 28.The shield 1 contains a flat armor plate 2 for individual protection of the soldier, which is made of material resistant to the effects of bullets and ammunition fragments (not shown) (see figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). The shield 1 is equipped with devices for its transfer, in particular, the handle 3 and backpack straps 4, as well as for observing 5 and firing 6. The firing device 6 is equipped with a valve 7. The shield 1 is equipped with installation units 8 of cut vegetation (not shown). It (1) is made of non-reflective material. The armor plate 2 has an irregular shape without straight and sharp angles along the upper 9 and lateral 10 edges, perforated, with a perforation to full surface ratio of 1: 2 ... 1: 4 within the perforated zone. It (2) has a flat (see figure 1, 2, 3 and 4) or curved (see figure 5, 6, 7, 10, 11) shape. The thickness h of the armor plate 2 is

where h is the thickness of the sheet (plate), mm;
g is the mass of a bullet or a fragment of ammunition, g;
ν is the speed of direct impact of a fragment of ammunition or a bullet, m / s;
To _p - coefficient taking into account the characteristics of the perforated sheet; in particular, for a shield without perforation - K _p = 1;
C _m - coefficient characterizing the resistance of the sheet material to penetration through it of a fragment of ammunition or bullets, in particular: plastics - C _m = 5; duralumin - C _m = 11; cast iron - C _m = 17; structural steel - C _m = 22; armor-piercing steel - C _m = 28.

The perforation holes 5 can be made in the form of a truncated cone 11 (see Fig. 8), moreover, the ratio of perforation and the total surface within the perforated zone is taken along the surface 12 of the shield 1, to which the truncated vertices of the cones belong, and the coefficient K _{p is} adopted based on the ratio perforation to the full surface within the perforated zone of the opposite side 13 of the shield 1, which belong to the base of the cones 11.

 The shield 1 can be made of a special multilayer bulletproof fabric 14 used for body armor, stretched on a frame 15 made of a duralumin tube, and which is simultaneously a removable frame 15 of a duffel bag (backpack) 16 (see Figs. 9, 10, 11). Perforation (5) can be performed by sections 17 with the possibility of viewing the space due to the shield 1, in particular on metal plates 19 mounted in the fabric 14.

 The shield 1 can be equipped with attachment points 18 (see figure 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) on the armor (body) of combat vehicles (conveyors) (not shown).

 The wearable shield can be made without perforation (see figure 10).

 Shield 1 is applied as follows. When moving personnel on the armor of armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles), shields 1 are mounted vertically along the sides of these vehicles through nodes 18. Such shields 1 can protect people from bullets and fragments of ammunition, as well as increase the protection of armored vehicles from cumulative ammunition. At the time of a sudden attack on an armored car or in other conditions of battle, the personnel leave the armor together with the shields 1, having previously unfastened the knot 18.

 The personnel that came under sudden fire use shields 1 for their intended purpose, that is, they have a shield between themselves and the enemy. It observes, using perforation 5, and fires using device 6, pushing the gate valve 7. Subsequently, such a shield 1 can be transported for short distances and a trench is equipped behind it (1). In this case, the shield 1 is installed in the fire sector. To increase security, shield 1 is masked by cut vegetation by means of devices 8.

 At the checkpoints, shields 1 are installed between the plates. The personnel conducts observation by perforation 5, and, if necessary, fires through the device 6, pushing the valve 7.

 During the operations of units in the mountains without armored vehicles, a lightweight version of the shield 1 is used, which is combined with a duffel bag (backpack) and protects the back and back of the head in a stowed position. In battle conditions, shield 1 is positioned in the same way as described above. In this case, the duffel bag 16 is separated from the frame 15.

 When moving personnel on cars, shields are installed along their sides or are located on the person’s back by means of belts 4 and protect the back and occipital part of people sitting with their backs to these sides, i.e. to the enemy.

 The mathematical dependencies presented in this technical solution were obtained as a result of processing numerous experimental studies and guarantee reliable protection of people with correctly selected initial data.

Using the claimed invention will allow to solve the problem of increasing security (preserving life and reducing the likelihood of injuries) of soldiers conducting military operations in peacekeeping, counter-terrorism and other operations due to:
- reducing the likelihood of locating people;
- increasing the protection of people from bullets and fragments of ammunition.

 Reducing the likelihood of detecting people is achieved by the fact that the shield is made of non-reflective material, painted under the background of the area and masked by cut vegetation. In addition, the irregular shape of the shield without straight and sharp angles allows you to increase its stealth under the background of the terrain. In addition, the shield shields the electromagnetic radiation from a person, thereby reducing the likelihood of people being detected by night vision devices and other devices operating in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves.

 The presence of perforations on the shield provides the opportunity to observe due to the shield in a much larger sector compared to the slot. In addition, eliminating the need for the observer to be constantly at the device for firing reduces the likelihood of a sniper hitting this observer.

 The use of shields during the hostilities in the North Caucasus and other hot spots, according to the authors, can save lives and protect military personnel from injury.

Sources of information
1. Military encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1984. - S. 826.

 2. Field fire closure. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate 1098375 according to the application 33429157 / 40-23 of 04.16.82, published in Bull. 30 dated October 27, 1999

Claims (7)

1. A shield containing an armor plate made of material resistant to bullets and ammunition fragments and equipped with devices for its transfer or rolling, installation, monitoring and firing, the latter equipped with a valve, characterized in that it is equipped with installation units for cut vegetation and made of non-reflective, irregular in shape without straight and sharp angles along the upper and lateral edges, perforated, with a perforation to full surface ratio of 1: 2 ... 1: 4 within the perforated ona, flat or curved sheet thickness

where h is the thickness of the sheet, mm;
g is the mass of a bullet or a fragment of ammunition, g;
ν is the speed of direct impact of a fragment of ammunition or a bullet, m / s;
To _p - coefficient taking into account the characteristics of the perforated zone of the sheet, units .;
C _m - coefficient characterizing the resistance of the sheet material to penetration through it of a fragment of ammunition or bullet. 2. The shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation holes are made in the form of a truncated cone, and the coefficient K _{P is} adopted based on the ratio of perforation to the full surface within the perforated zone of the side of the shield opposite to the observer, to which the bases of the cones belong.  3. The shield according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the perforation is made in sections with the possibility of viewing space from behind the shield.  4. The shield according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is equipped with attachment points on the body of combat vehicles. 5. A shield containing a sheet made of material resistant to bullets and fragments of ammunition and equipped with devices for its transfer, characterized in that it is made of a special multi-layer bulletproof fabric stretched over the frame and equipped with plates mounted in fabric made with perforation, with the ratio of perforation to the surface 1: 2 ... 1: 4 within the perforated zone, and the thickness of the plate is equal

where h is the plate thickness, mm;
g is the mass of a bullet or a fragment of ammunition, g;
ν is the speed of direct impact of a fragment of ammunition or a bullet, m / s;
To _p - coefficient taking into account the characteristics of the perforated zone, units, in particular, in the zone without perforation K _P = 1;
C _m - coefficient characterizing the resistance of the plate material to penetration through it of a fragment of ammunition or bullet.  6. The shield according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame is simultaneously the frame of a duffel bag.  7. The shield according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 6, characterized in that it is equipped with attachment points on the body of combat vehicles.

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