RU218983U1 - Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

SUBSTANCE: combined long-burning multi-fuel boiler contains a body with double walls forming a coolant tank, a traction unit, air ducts, a loading chamber, a heat exchanger located above the loading chamber, an ash chamber, a loading door, an unloading door, nozzles, heat exchanger hatches, grates. The heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped channel of rectangular section, the steps of which are arranged in one row, while a pair of short sides of the rectangular section of the channel is located horizontally, a pair of long sides of the rectangular section of the channel is located vertically. The boiler contains an afterburner chamber made of refractory material and located between the loading chamber and the heat exchanger. The boiler provides the ability to work in several modes, including automatic mode and using a gas burner. 22 w.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices and methods for burning fuel in solid fuel boilers.

Known solid fuel boiler long burning (see patent RU 168146U1), including a housing with double walls forming a coolant tank, a combustion chamber with a door and a damper, an ash chamber, grates, a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber and made in the form of a stepped channel, the walls of which inclined relative to the horizontal plane and the chimney. The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the absence of any device designed to regulate the flow of air into the combustion chamber, as well as low efficiency due to frequent clogging of the heat exchanger surfaces.

Known solid fuel boiler long burning patent RU196392U1. The well-known boiler includes a casing with double walls forming a coolant tank, a fan, inlet and outlet pipes for supplying and removing coolant, a chimney, a combustion and ash chambers separated by a grate, and a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber and made in the form of a vertically arranged stepped rectangular channel. sections. The presence of a fan in the design of the known boiler significantly improves the process of supply and distribution of air into the chambers of the boiler. A significant disadvantage of the known boiler is the design of the heat exchanger, in which the bottom of the channel is formed by the widest side of the channel, and the short sides of the channel form its height. This design leads to the fact that a significant part of the combustion products coming from the combustion chamber to the heat exchanger, due to the small height of particle deposition, does not have time to leave the channel through the chimney and settles at the bottom of the channel. This leads to a deterioration in heat transfer and a rather rapid decrease in the efficiency of the boiler and, accordingly, to additional operations to clean the boiler. The disadvantages of the prototype are the design features that do not allow the heat exchanger channel to be made of more than four stages, which leads to a limitation in terms of power and dimensions of the known boiler options.

The closest technical solution adopted in this application for the prototype is a long-burning solid fuel boiler according to patent RU209257U1, containing a housing with double walls forming a coolant tank, a fan, air ducts, a chimney outlet, a loading door, an unloading door, an ash pan door, nozzles , an air supply window, grates, a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber, and an ash chamber, in which the heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped rectangular channel, and the front end wall of the heat exchanger is inclined to the horizontal and equipped with a hatch, access to which is provided through the loading door . The disadvantages of this design solution include:

- the need to stop the operation of the boiler to clean the ash chamber and refill the boiler with fuel in the upper combustion mode, which negatively affects the temperature regime and leads to interruptions in heat supply and a drop in the temperature of the coolant. If you add fuel during the operation of the boiler, it is possible to ignite the entire volume of fuel, which leads to its overconsumption and a decrease in the efficiency of the boiler.

- the lack of the possibility of choosing the most suitable combustion mode for various types of fuel. Low combustion efficiency of wood in top or traditional combustion mode. In the traditional combustion mode, when solid fuel burns like in a fire, the flame temperature is relatively low. With such combustion, pyrolysis gases do not completely burn out in the boiler, they enter the atmosphere, polluting it.

- the design does not provide for the possibility of connecting an automatic burner for automatic fuel supply from a separately located bunker.

The objectives of the present invention is to develop a heating boiler, devoid of the disadvantages of known technical solutions, increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger, increase the level of automation and autonomy.

The problem is solved by creating a long-burning solid fuel boiler containing a body with double walls forming a coolant tank, a traction unit, air ducts, a loading chamber, a heat exchanger located above the loading chamber, an ash chamber, a loading door, an unloading door, nozzles, heat exchanger hatches, grates , while the heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped channel of rectangular section, the steps of which are arranged in one row, while a pair of short sides of the rectangular section of the channel is located horizontally, a pair of long sides of the rectangular section of the channel is located vertically, while a chamber is located between the loading chamber and the heat exchanger afterburner made of refractory material.

Particular options for implementing the utility model:

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the nozzles are located at an angle to the walls of the body;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the nozzles are located in the upper part of the loading chamber;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the traction unit is controlled by a processor;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, which contains a mechanism for cleaning the grate;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which a damper for switching combustion modes is located between the loading chamber and the afterburning chamber;

- long-burning solid fuel boiler, which contains a mounting window designed for fastening a gas burner or a burner with automatic fuel supply;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which fireclay bricks, vermiculite, refractory concrete or thick steel are used as a refractory material;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the height of the section of the heat exchange channel is greater than its width;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the front wall of the heat exchanger is inclined towards the loading door;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which there are two modes of combustion, upper and lower;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the body contains a heat-insulating layer;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the heat exchanger is made in the form of a two-, four- or six-stage channel;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which turbulators are placed in the heat exchanger channel;

- solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which tubularizers are made in the form of irregularities of the channel walls;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which tubularizers are made in the form of partitions;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the irregularities of the channel walls have a wavy shape, a zigzag shape;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the partitions are made in the form of hollow profiles of rectangular or square section, the cavities of which communicate with the coolant tank;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the partitions are located in one line, zigzag, staggered or along a sinusoid line;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the partitions are made in the form of hollow tubes, the cavities of which communicate with the coolant tank;

- a solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the partitions are made removable.

The essence of the utility model is disclosed in the figures and in the description.

Fig. 1 - Combined multi-fuel boiler for long burning;

Fig. 2 - Heat exchanger of a combined multi-fuel boiler of long burning in a vertical section;

Fig. 3 - Combined multi-fuel boiler of long burning in the upper burning mode;

Fig. 4 - Combined multi-fuel boiler of long burning in the lower burning mode;

Fig. 5 - Combined multi-fuel boiler for long burning in automatic mode.

Fig. 6 - Heat exchanger of a combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler in a horizontal section.

In FIG. 1 shows a combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler in a side position, in a front position and in a section, which contains a casing (1) with double walls forming a coolant tank, a traction unit (2), which can be a fan or a smoke exhauster, air ducts ( 3), loading chamber (4), heat exchanger (5) located above the loading chamber (4), ash chamber (6), loading door (7), unloading door (8), nozzles (9), heat exchanger hatches (10) , grate (11) and afterburner (12), the walls of which are formed from refractory material (13). Between the loading chamber (4) and the afterburner chamber (12) there is a damper for switching combustion modes (14). In the ash chamber (6) there is a grate cleaning mechanism (15), made in the form of metal teeth rotating around its axis. As the tines rotate, fine particles fall into the ash chamber (6), while large particles are pushed towards the front of the boiler, where they can be removed from the boiler through the discharge door (8). Also, the boiler design can be provided with a mounting window (16) intended for fastening a gas burner or a burner with automatic fuel supply. The front wall (17) of the heat exchanger (5) is inclined, soot and ash settle on it, which ensures the tightness of the gaps in the hatches (10) of the heat exchanger (5) located on this wall. For the convenience of installing a lining made of refractory material (13) into the afterburner chamber (12), in some cases, side doors (18) are provided on at least one side of the boiler.

In FIG. 2 shows a vertical section B-B of the heat exchanger (5), which is made in the form of a horizontally located four-stage rectangular channel. Channel steps are arranged in one row, while a pair of short sides (19) of a rectangular channel section is located horizontally, a pair of long sides (20) of a rectangular channel section is located vertically. With this shape and location of the channel, the degree of clogging of the heat exchanger (5) is significantly reduced, since a significant part of the combustion products entering the heat exchanger (5) from the loading chamber (4) and the afterburner chamber (12) due to the high height of particle deposition does not have time to settle on the bottom of the channel and flies out.

The design of the combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler assumes the possibility of operating in several modes.

Figure 3 shows a combined multi-fuel boiler for long burning in the upper burning mode. Solid fuel is placed in the loading chamber (4) through the loading door (7), after which the upper part of the fuel is ignited. The resulting flue gases passing through the open damper (14) enter the afterburner chamber (12), which is lined with refractory material (13). In the afterburner chamber (12), the temperature rises, which contributes to a better afterburning of the pyrolysis gases. Further, flue gases enter the stepped channel of the heat exchanger (5) through the inlet, pass through the stages of the heat exchanger (5), where they release thermal energy to the heat carrier through the walls of the heat exchanger (5) and go outside. Through nozzles (9), which can be located both on the walls of the housing (1) and in the upper part of the loading chamber (4), additional air is supplied to the combustion zone of the upper layer, which contributes to better burning of solid fuel.

In FIG. 4 shows a combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler in the lower combustion mode. Solid fuel is placed in the loading chamber (4) through the loading door (7), after which the lower part of the fuel is ignited through the unloading door (8). In the lower combustion mode, the damper (14) is closed. When fuel is burned in the lower combustion mode, a large amount of pyrolysis gases is generated in the loading chamber (4) at high temperature. Further, pyrolysis gases, together with flue gases, enter the afterburner chamber (12) through an opening in the lower part of the loading chamber (4). The walls of the afterburner chamber (12) are lined with refractory material (13), which is heated to high temperatures. Once in the afterburner chamber (12), the pyrolysis gases ignite and burn out completely, releasing additional thermal energy, after which they rise up and enter the heat exchanger (5), passing through which they most effectively transfer the resulting thermal energy to the heat carrier through the walls of the heat exchanger channel (5). The burning layer of fuel is distributed evenly over the entire surface of the grate (11) and as it burns out, the new fuel settles, and the ash from the burnt fuel falls between the gaps of the grate into the ash chamber (6). The grate cleaning mechanism (15) provides agitation of the burning layer and is designed in such a way that during its operation, large unburned fuel elements are shifted to the boiler unloading door (8), through which they can be easily removed from the boiler.

In FIG. 5 shows a combined multi-fuel boiler for long burning in automatic mode, the principle of operation of which is to automatically supply fuel from a separate bunker and in automatic mode of operation on alternative fuels (gas, diesel, etc.). An automatic burner (21) powered by solid fuel or natural gas is installed in the mounting window 16 (shown in figure 1) and placed inside the loading chamber (4). Fuel is fed automatically into the burner and burns in it. In the automatic mode of operation of the boiler, the damper (14) is open. Hot flue gases pass from the loading chamber (4) to the afterburner chamber (12) and then enter the heat exchanger (5), in which thermal energy is transferred to the coolant through the walls.

Figure 6 shows embodiments of the heat exchanger (5), which contain turbulators (22) made in the form of irregularities of the vertical walls (20) of the heat exchanger (5) and in the form of rows of hollow tubes, the cavity of which is connected to the heat carrier tank of the housing (1). The nozzles (9) pass through the central wall of the heat exchanger (5). The principle of operation of the heat exchanger is that incandescent flue gases from the afterburner (12) through the inlet enter the first stage of the heat exchanger channel (5) and, under the action of traction force, move along the remaining stages of the heat exchanger to the outlet and further into the chimney. As it moves, the flue gases go around the located turbulators (22) and the irregularities of the walls of the zigzag shape of the heat exchanger (5). Hitting the turbulators (22), the laminar movement of the flue gases turns into turbulent, the flue gases change their direction, mix and more efficiently transfer thermal energy to the coolant.

To increase the efficiency, the boiler body can have a thermal insulation layer of mineral wool and a decorative steel casing or be coated with a liquid thermal insulation coating composition. Thermal insulation reduces heat loss and reduces fuel costs.

Thus, as a result of a comprehensive solution, the developed multi-fuel long-burning boiler solves the problem due to the special design of the boiler and its heat exchanger, as well as the ability to work on several types of fuel. The presence of an additional combustion chamber for pyrolysis gases - an afterburner chamber can significantly increase the efficiency of a long-burning boiler, due to the complete combustion of fuel and pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion. The presence of turbulators in the heat exchanger makes it possible to maximize the heat transfer of energy from the heated flue gases to the coolant. The version of the boiler, which provides for the installation of an automatic burner, allows you to increase the autonomy of the boiler, as well as expand the possibility of using various types of fuel, such as wood, liquid or gaseous fuels. The presence of a controller that controls the operation of a fan or a smoke exhauster allows you to supply air in a strictly necessary amount through the air channel to the ash chamber, while the main part of the air is blown through the ash chamber (6) from the bottom up through the fuel, and the auxiliary part of the air passes through the nozzles (9) located in loading chamber (4).

The beneficial effect is also achieved due to:

- the ability to work on all types of fuel both in the "upper combustion" mode and in the "lower combustion" mode. Possibility of operation of the boiler with automatic fuel supply and in combined mode.

- reducing the risk of heat exchanger clogging, since the main part of the fuel burns efficiently in the afterburner, and the residual combustion products, moving through the heat exchanger, do not have time to settle on the bottom of the heat exchanger due to the high height of the vertical walls of the channel.

- the possibility of increasing the number of heat exchanger stages, which can be more than four, which increases the efficiency.

- the presence in the proposed design of the boiler of one loading door - it also provides access for maintenance and cleaning of the heat exchanger.

Claims (23)

1. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler, containing a body with double walls forming a coolant tank, a traction unit, air ducts, a loading chamber, a heat exchanger located above the loading chamber, an ash chamber, a loading door, an unloading door, nozzles, heat exchanger hatches, grates, in which the heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped channel of rectangular cross section, the steps of which are arranged in one row, while a pair of short sides of the rectangular cross section of the channel is located horizontally, a pair of long sides of the rectangular cross section of the channel is located vertically, characterized in that between the loading chamber and the heat exchanger there is afterburner made of refractory material. 2. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles are located at an angle to the walls of the housing 1. 3. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles are located in the upper part of the loading chamber. 4. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction unit is controlled by a processor. 5. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, in which the traction unit is a fan or smoke exhauster. 6. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a grate cleaning mechanism. 7. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that between the loading chamber and the afterburner there is a damper for switching combustion modes. 8. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a mounting window designed for mounting a gas burner or a burner with automatic fuel supply. 9. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that fireclay bricks, vermiculite, refractory concrete, thick steel are used as refractory material. 10. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the section of the heat exchange channel is greater than its width. 11. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall of the heat exchanger is inclined towards the loading door. 12. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed to operate in two combustion modes: upper and lower. 13. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that its body contains a heat-insulating layer. 14. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made in the form of a two-, four- or six-stage channel. 15. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that turbulators are placed in the heat exchanger channel. 16. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that the tubularizers are made in the form of channel wall irregularities. 17. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that the tubularizers are made in the form of partitions. 18. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 16, characterized in that the irregularities of the channel walls have a wavy shape. 19. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 16, characterized in that the irregularities of the channel walls have a zigzag shape. 20. A combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 17, characterized in that the partitions are made in the form of hollow rectangular or square sections, the cavities of which communicate with the coolant tank. 21. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 17, characterized in that the partitions are arranged in one line, zigzag, staggered or along a sinusoidal line. 22. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 17, characterized in that the partitions are made in the form of hollow tubes, the cavities of which communicate with the coolant tank. 23. Combined multi-fuel long-burning boiler according to claim 17, characterized in that the partitions are made removable.

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