RU2189726C1 - Grain cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: machine has charging device, grain mixture feeding device, screens arranged in three tiers, aspiration channel positioned forward of screens and equipped with air speed regulating mechanism, two aspiration channels positioned rearward of screens and equipped with air speed regulating mechanisms, grain fraction discharge device and waste discharge device, double-flow bucket elevator, wild-oat cylinder and cocoon cylinder. Both aspiration channels positioned rearward of screens are communicated through grain feeding devices with middle and lower screen tier discharge ends. Lower end of first flow of bucket elevator is communicated with large-size grain discharge device. Upper end of first flow of bucket elevator is communicated through grain guides and grain flow change-over device with inlet branch pipes of cocoon and wild-oat cylinders and with large-size clean grain discharge device. Lower end of second flow of bucket elevator is communicated with small-size grain fraction discharge device and its upper end is communicated through grain guides and grain flow change-over device with inlet and outlet branch pipes of cocoon cylinder. Outlet branch pipe of cocoon cylinder is communicated through grain flow change-over device with inlet branch pipe of wild-oat cylinder and with clean small-size grain discharge device. EFFECT: increased efficiency in removal of elongated and short contaminants from grain and simplified construction. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to machines for cleaning and sorting grain.

 Known seed cleaning machine SM-4, containing a loading device, channels of pre-sieve and post-sieve suction with mechanisms for adjusting the air speed, two tiers of sieves, two-threaded elevator, puppet and oat-bale trier cylinders with mechanisms for adjusting the angle of installation of trays, input and output devices for grain and waste (Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S. Oknin et al. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987, p. 38-43). The machine carries out cleaning and sorting of grains according to aerodynamic properties and sizes - thickness, width, length according to full-flow technology. In the absence of long and short impurities, the indent cylinders are switched off and the grain is discharged from the machine by the second elevator stream through the flow switch.

 The disadvantage of the SM-4 grain cleaning machine is the inability to process grain using fractional technology, which in some cases leads to a decrease in productivity and an increase in seed injury.

 The closest in technical essence and combination of features to the proposed solution is a grain cleaning machine, which includes three tiers of sieves, a pre-sieve aspiration channel with an air velocity control mechanism, two post-sieve aspiration channels with air speed adjustment mechanisms, one of which is communicated by a grain input device with an average and the second - a grain input device with a descent of the lower tiers of the sieves, a device for loading and introducing a grain mixture, a device for outputting grain fractions and waste (RF patent 2118208, C. B 07 V 4/02, 1998, BI 24).

 The disadvantage of this machine is the low efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities.

 The problem that needs to be solved is to increase the efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities due to the separate processing of fractions of large and small grains in oat and puppet trie cylinders.

 The problem is solved using the proposed grain cleaning machine, which includes three tiers of sieves, a pre-sieve suction channel with an air speed adjustment mechanism, two post-sieve suction channels with air speed adjustment mechanisms, one of which is communicated by a grain input device with an average flow, and the second by a grain input device with the descent of the lower tiers of the sieves, a device for loading and introducing a grain mixture, a device for outputting fractions of grain and waste, while the machine is equipped with a two-line elevator, a puppet and a bowl with trimeric cylinders, with the head of the first nori stream communicating with a device for outputting coarse grain fractions, its upper head with grain wires and a grain flow switch with inlet nozzles of puppet and oat-brittle trie cylinders and a device for outputting large pure grain, and the lower head of the second nori stream communicating with a device for outputting fine grain fractions, its upper head through grain pipelines and a grain flow switch - with inlet and outlet nozzles of the puppet trie cylinder, output the branch pipe of which is communicated by a grain flow switch with an oatmeal trier and an output device of fine pure grain.

 The drawing shows a process diagram of a grain cleaning machine.

The grain cleaning machine includes a loading device 1, a grain mixture input device 2 with a feed roller 3, a pre-sieve aspiration channel 4 with an air supply channel 5 and an air speed adjustment mechanism 6, post-sieve suction channels 7 and 8 with grain input devices 9, 10 and mechanisms 11, 12 air speed adjustments, sedimentary to measures 13 and 14 with devices 15 and 16 for removing light impurities, a diametrical fan 17, an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector 18 with a lock gate 19, a sieve mill containing an upper level 20 sieves B _1, B ₂ and transverse tray 21, middle chamber 22 with sieves T _1, T _2, the lower tier 23 with podsevnyh sieves B _1, B _2, tray 24 and the transverse tray 25, dual-flow noriyu 26, the puppet 27 and breech 28 indent cylinders equipped with trays 29 and 30 with screws 31 and 32, switches 33, 34, 35 grain flow and a system of grain pipelines (shown in the drawing conventionally by lines).

The exit from the sieve B _{2 is} connected with the transverse tray 21, the exit from the sieve G ₂ - with the grain input device 9 of the first channel 7 post-sieve aspiration, the exit from the sieve B ₂ - with the grain input device 10 of the second channel 8 post-sieve aspiration.

 The lower head of the first elevator stream 26 is in communication with the device for outputting coarse grain fractions 37, its upper head through grain pipelines and the grain flow switch 33 with the inlet nozzles of the puppet 27 and oatmeal 28 trie cylinders and an output device for coarse clean grain (not shown).

 The lower head of the second flow of the elevator 26 is in communication with the fine grain fraction output device 37, its upper head through the grain wires and the grain flow switch 34 with the inlet and outlet nozzles of the puppet trie cylinder 27, the outlet pipe of which is communicated by the grain flow switch 35 with the inlet nozzle of the oatmeal trie cylinder 28 and a fine grain output device (not shown).

 Devices 9 and 10 of the input of grain can be made in the form of a rotating blade roller, pitched boards or other mechanism.

 Mechanisms 6, 11, 12 for adjusting the air velocity in the suction channels are throttling devices in the form of rotary or movable shutters.

 Devices 15 and 16 output light impurities can be made in the form of screws with sealing valves, airlock or flashing valve system.

 The output devices for large and small pure grain are located in the front and rear distributors of oat and puppet trie cylinders and can be made in the form of material pipelines, trays, leaks, etc. The inlet nozzles of the puppet 27 and breech 28 indent cylinders are located in the upper part of the front distributors. The outlet pipe of the puppet trimer cylinder 27 is located in the lower part of the rear distributor and is in communication with the grain flow switch 35 (see, for example, Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S.Oknin et al. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987, p. 59 -64).

 Grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

 The grain mixture by the charging device 1 is fed into the input device 2, is evened out along the width of the machine and is fed into the channel 4 of pre-sieve aspiration, feeding it in the face 3, where it is blown by the air flow pumped by the diametrical fan 17 through the air supply channel 5. The lightest impurities and dust rise up the channel 4, then deposited in the sedimentation chamber 13 and the device 15 are removed from the machine (output 1). The air velocity in channel 4 is regulated by mechanism 6 and is controlled by the permissible level of loss of full grain.

Next, the grain mixture enters the sieve B _{1 of the} upper tier 20 and is divided into two parts by size. The descent from sieve B ₁ to sieve B ₂ is the largest grain of the main culture with long and large impurities. Large and long major part of impurities tailings B ₂ are directed in a transverse tray 21 (yield II), and a fraction of large grains, which may contain some amount of light and long contaminants, passes through the sieve and B ₂ is supplied to a sieve ₂ r.

The passage through the sieve B _{1 of the} upper tier 20, containing a finer fraction, enters the sieve G _{1 of the} middle tier 22, through which small, puny grains, light and fine impurities pass. The descent from the sieve G _{1 is} combined with the passage through the sieve B ₂ and enters the sieve G ₂ , where it is additionally cleaned of fine impurities. The descent from the sieve Г _{2 by the} grain input device 9 is sent to the first post-sieve suction channel 7, where light impurities are removed from the material to be cleaned, which are then deposited in the sedimentation chamber 14, and the coarse grain fraction is sent to the lower head of the first elevator stream 26 by the device 36.

The passages through the sieves G ₁ and G ₂ go respectively to the sowing sieves B ₁ and B _{2 of the} lower tier 23, through which small impurities pass and are moved along the pallet 24 to the transverse tray 25 (exit III). The descent from the sieves B ₁ and B ₂ , containing fine grain, light and short impurities, is supplied by the grain input device 10 to the second post-sieve aspiration channel 8. Light impurities are discharged into the sedimentation chamber 14 by the air flow, the device 16 is discharged from it (outlet IV), and the fine grain fraction with short impurities by the device 37 is directed to the lower head of the second elevator stream 26.

 The air flow from the sedimentation chambers 13 and 14 is sucked in by the diametrical fan 17 and is pumped into the dust collector 18, where under the action of inertial forces dust and light impurities are released, which are removed from the machine by the gate valve 19 (outlet V), and the cleaned air is sent to the atmosphere.

 In the channels 7 and 8 of the post-sieve aspiration using the mechanisms 11 and 12, the maximum allowable air velocities are established, which are limited by the loss of full grain in the waste. Larger grain is processed in channel 7; therefore, the air velocity in it is set somewhat higher than in channel 8.

 The fractions of coarse and fine grains by two independent streams of elevator 26 are sent for processing to the puppet 27 and 28 breech-shaped trie cylinders. Depending on the content of grain, long and short impurities in these fractions, the technology for their processing can be different.

 Option 1. The coarse grain fraction contains only long impurities (the main option). The grain flow from the elevator 26 is guided by means of grain wires and a switch 33 into the inlet pipe of the oatmeal trimeric cylinder 28 and is processed therein. Full grain is lifted by the cells of the cylinder into the tray 30 and the screw 32 is moved to the output device large coarse grain (output VI), and long impurities move along the cylinder and go outside (output VII).

 Option 2. The coarse grain fraction does not contain short and long impurities. The flow of grain from the elevator 26 is directed using grain wires and a switch 33 directly to the output device of large pure grain (output VI).

 Option 3. The coarse grain fraction contains short and long impurities. In this case, the processing of grain is carried out sequentially in the puppet 27 and ovsyuzhnoy 28 indented cylinders (as in the first given analogue).

 The flow of grain by a switch 33 is directed into the inlet pipe of the puppet trireme cylinder 27 and is processed therein. Short impurities by the cells of the cylinder rise into the tray 29 and the screw 31 are brought out (output VIII), and the flow of the cleaned grain through the outlet pipe and the flow switch 35 is sent to the inlet pipe of the oatmeal cylinder 28 and processed in it according to the first embodiment.

 Option 4. The fine grain fraction contains only short impurities (the main option). The grain flow from the elevator 26 is directed through the grain wires through the switch 34 to the inlet pipe of the doll cylinder 27. Short impurities are removed into the tray 29 and screw 31 are removed from the machine (output VIII), and the cleaned material through the output pipe and the flow switch 35 enters the small output device pure grain (yield IX).

 Option 5. The fine grain fraction does not contain short and long impurities. The flow of grain from the elevator 26 is directed using grain pipelines and switches 34 and 35 directly to the output device of fine pure grain (output IX).

 If the fine grain fraction contains short and long impurities, then it is processed sequentially in the dollhouse 27 and the breech 28 triameric cylinders (option 3).

 If the coarse grain fraction contains only short impurities, and the fine grain fraction contains only long impurities, which is unlikely, then in this case, the system of grain pipelines and grain flow switches allows the separation of impurities in the corresponding trimeric cylinders.

 The task is to increase the efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities is achieved by separate (fractional) processing of fractions of fine and coarse grain, respectively, in the puppet and oatmeal trimers (options 1 and 4), since in this case the specific load on indent cylinders. At the same time, the machine’s design also allows for conventional in-line processing in indent cylinders (option 3), when both short and long impurities are contained in the fractions of large and small grains being cleaned.

Claims (1)

 A grain cleaning machine, which includes three tiers of sieves, a pre-sieve aspiration channel with an air speed adjustment mechanism, two post-sieve suction channels with air speed adjustment mechanisms, one of which is communicated by a grain input device with a middle drain, and the second with a grain input device with a lower sieve drain, devices for loading and introducing a grain mixture, a device for outputting fractions of grain and waste, characterized in that it is equipped with a two-line noria, puppet and poultry reamer cylinders, the lower head and the first noria stream is communicated with a device for outputting coarse grain fractions, its upper head through grain wires and a grain flow switch with inlet nozzles of a puppet and oatmeal trie cylinders and a device for outputting large pure grains, and the lower head of the second noria stream is communicated with a device for outputting fine grains , its upper head by means of grain pipelines and a grain flow switch - with inlet and outlet nozzles of the puppet trier cylinder, the outlet of which is communicated to switch Lemma grain flow inlet ovsyuzhnogo triera output apparatus and fine clean grain.