RU2184205C2 - Device determining electric stability of water-in-oil emulsions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hole drilling. SUBSTANCE: device incorporates uncontrollable h-voltage source comprising step-up voltage transformer, controllable high-voltage source, current divider, light signalling element, contact "measurement" element, two measurement electrodes and recorder. Device is fitted with comparator, reference voltage source, contact "operation current" element, two keys, inverter, audio signalling element, analog-to-digital converter, storage, voltage divider and semiconductor logic control unit. Current and voltage dividers come in the form of variable resistors. Recorder is manufactured in the form of digital indicator. Controllable high-voltage source is fabricated in the form of high-voltage D C semiconductor amplifier stabilized in the entire adjustment range. EFFECT: increased operational reliability and measurement accuracy, simplified operator's functions, expanded functional capabilities of device as whole. 8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The technical solution relates to the drilling of wells and, in particular, can be used to determine the stability of drilling invert emulsion solutions.

 The main components of the device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions are an adjustable source of high voltage 0-600 V, measuring electrodes, a voltage breakdown register on the measuring electrodes, contact elements and controls [1, 2].

A device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions, containing an adjustable source of high voltage 0-600 V, measuring electrodes, pointer voltmeter as a voltage recorder on the measuring electrodes, contact elements and controls [3]. The disadvantages of this device are:
1. Low measurement accuracy due to both the presence of a current relay as a current sensor, which is an inertial link and which has a significant variation in the magnitude of the current at which it is triggered, and the presence of a “breakdown” switch voltmeter as a recorder, which also has inertia and significant error in taking readings from him.

 2. The fluctuation in the rate of rise of the measuring voltage of "breakdown", due to the instability of the voltage that feeds the device itself.

 3. The presence of test voltage on the measuring electrodes after the operation of "breakdown", which is not safe for the operator.

 4. The presence of manual "return" of the regulated high voltage source to zero after the "breakdown", which complicates the operator functions when working with the device.

 5. If the breakdown voltage of the investigated emulsion of the measurement limit of the device is exceeded, it is also necessary to manually "return" the test voltage to zero for the following measurements.

 6. The presence of constant monitoring by the operator of the voltmeter during measurement and at the same time, the need to manually hold the power button on the rise of the measuring voltage until the "breakdown", which leads to operator fatigue.

 7. The presence of some electromechanical elements in the device, which leads to the bulkiness and unreliability of the entire device as a whole.

 8. The presence of one threshold for the operation of the current "breakdown", due to the properties of the current sensor in the form of a relay, leads to a limitation of the functionality of the device.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved results to the proposed technical solution is a device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions [4]. The specified device for determining the electrical stability using a step-up voltage transformer and an adjustable high voltage source in the form of a transformer with a movable short-circuited winding connected rigidly to a screw nut rotating through a gearbox from a reversing motor supplies an adjustable voltage of 0-500 V to two measuring electrodes, one of which connected through a step current divider, the voltage drop from which is amplified by a power amplifier and fed to the relay. If there is sufficient current in the measuring circuit, this relay trips and switches the squirrel cage motor to reverse. Measurement ends when the motor completely removes voltage from the electrodes. If the breakdown voltage of the investigated emulsion is exceeded more than the measurement limit of the device, you must use the "return" button to bring the transformer with a short-circuited winding to its original position.

 Functional diagram of the device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions [4], which contains an unregulated high voltage source, consisting of a step-up voltage transformer, an adjustable high voltage source, a current divider, a light signaling element, a measuring contact element, two measuring electrodes and a recorder, equipped with a converter voltage from the current divider to the breakdown signal, the node "return" of the regulated high voltage source to zero with the contact element "return" node setting the threshold for the operation of the breakdown current, a relay control circuit having an input and two outputs, moreover, an adjustable high voltage source having a power input, two control inputs and an AC power output, is made in the form of a transformer with a movable short-circuited winding connected rigidly to a nut a screw rotating through the gearbox from the reversing motor, the current divider is made in the form of a set of constant resistors, the voltage converter from the current divider to the breakdown signal is made in the form of a power amplifier and, the node "return" of the regulated high voltage source to zero is made in the form of a mechanism for turning on the motor reverse, rotating the short-circuited winding of the transformer of the adjustable source, controlled by the contact element "return", the node for setting the threshold for the breakdown current is made in the form switch, the recorder is made in the form of an arrow voltmeter, and also with a transformer with a movable short-circuited winding, connected rigidly to the nut of a screw rotating through a vector from a reversible motor, the power input is connected to the output of a step-up voltage transformer, whose input is connected to the mains supply via the “measurement” contact element, the AC power output is connected to the measuring electrodes and a voltmeter, one of which is connected via a current divider, the first control input is connected to the contact element "return", and the second control input is connected to the first output of the relay control circuit, the second output of which is connected to the light signaling element, and the input is connected to swing of the power amplifier, whose input is connected via a switch to a set of constant current divider resistors.

The disadvantages of this device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions are:
1. Low measurement accuracy due to the presence of a “breakdown” switch voltmeter as a voltage recorder, which has inertia when taking readings from it.

 2. The oscillation of the slew rate of the measuring voltage of "breakdown", due to the instability of the voltage supplying the device.

 3. The presence of voltage on the measuring electrodes after the current sensor is triggered, which is not safe for the operator.

 4. The presence of a manual method for “returning” an adjustable high voltage source to zero when exceeding the “breakdown” voltage of the investigated emulsion of the measurement limit of the device, which complicates the operator functions when working with the device.

 5. The presence of constant monitoring by the operator of the voltmeter during measurement, which leads to operator fatigue.

 6. The presence of almost the same electromechanical elements in the device, which leads to the bulkiness and unreliability of the entire device as a whole.

 7. The presence of a step threshold for the operation of the current "breakdown", due to switching the input of the power amplifier to one of the resistors of the current divider, limits the functionality of the device.

 The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase reliability, simplify operator functions, increase the safety of measurements, increase the accuracy of measurements and expand the functionality of the device as a whole.

The task is achieved in that:
1. A device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions, containing an unregulated high voltage source, consisting of a step-up voltage transformer, an adjustable high voltage source, a current divider, a light signaling element, a contact metering element, two measuring electrodes and a recorder equipped with a comparator having two inputs and output, a reference voltage source, a contact element "response current", two keys, each of which has an information input, a control input and output, by an inverter, an audible alarm element, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory element having an information input, a “memory” input and an output, a voltage divider and a semiconductor logic control unit having three inputs and three outputs, the current and voltage dividers being in the form variable resistors, the recorder is in the form of a digital indicator, an adjustable high voltage source is performed in the form of a semiconductor high-voltage device stabilized over the entire control range a direct current generator, the power inputs of which are connected to the outputs of a step-up voltage transformer, the first direct current power output is connected to the inputs of the voltage divider and the first electrode, the second direct current power output is connected to the output of the voltage divider and through the current divider with the input of the second electrode, and the control input connected to the first output of the semiconductor logic control unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the measuring contact element, the second input is connected to the output of the control of the “trip current” element, the second output is connected to the control input of the first key and to the inverter input, the third output is connected to the light and sound alarm elements and to the “memory” memory input, and the third input is connected to the comparator output, the first input of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the second input is connected to the output of the reference voltage source and to the information input of the second key, the control input of which is connected to the inverter output, and the output is connected to the output of the first key and to the input logo-digital Converter, the output of which is connected to the information input of the memory element, the output of which is connected to a digital indicator, and the information input of the first key is connected to the output of the voltage divider.

 2. In the device according to claim 1, two contactless keys are used as two keys.

 3. In the device according to claim 1, two contact keys are used as two keys.

 4. The device according to claim 2 is further provided with two analog outputs, one of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the other is connected to the output of the voltage divider.

 5. The device according to claim 3 is further provided with two analog outputs, one of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the other is connected to the output of the voltage divider.

 6. The device according to claim 2 is additionally equipped with a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, and the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.

 7. The device according to claim 3, is further provided with a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.

 8. The device according to claim 4 is additionally equipped with a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.

 9. The device according to claim 5, is further provided with a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of the construction of the proposed device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions, where
1 - step-up voltage transformer;
2 - a semiconductor high-voltage DC amplifier stabilized over the entire control range, in which 1 and 2 have a power input, 3 have a control input, 4 and 5 have a direct current power output;
3 - voltage divider;
4 and 5 - measuring electrodes;
6 - current divider;
7 - a comparator, in which 1 and 2 - input, 3 - output;
8 - voltage reference source;
9 - a semiconductor logic control unit, in which 1 is the first input, 2 is the second input, 3 is the third input, 4 is the first output, 5 is the second output, 6 is the third output;
10 - contact element "measurement";
11 - contact element "tripping current";
12 - light signaling element;
13 - sound alarm element;
14 - the first key, in which 1 - information input, 2 - output, 3 - control input;
15 - inverter;
16 - the second key, in which 1 - information input, 2 - output, 3 - control input;
17 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC);
18 - a memory element in which 1 is an information input, 2 is an input "remembering", 3 is an output;
19 - digital indicator;
20 - the first additional analog output;
21 - second additional analog output;
22 - the second additional analog-to-digital Converter;
23 - the second additional digital indicator.

 The proposed device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions works as follows.

 When applying power to the device, the voltage at the output 4, 5 of the high-voltage amplifier 2 is absent. When the signal from the contact element “measured” 10 is briefly turned on to the input 1 of the logic unit 9, the logic unit 9 with its first output 4 turns on amplifier 2 to automatically increase the power output voltage at the measuring electrodes 4 and 5, while its value from the voltage divider 3 through the first the key 14, ADC 17, the memory element 18 is displayed on the digital indicator 19. When a current appears in the measuring circuit, the signal is removed from the current divider 6. If its voltage exceeds the reference voltage from the reference voltage source 8, i.e. when a "breakdown" of the test emulsion occurs, the comparator 7 is turned on, which acts on the logic unit 9 at the third input 3.

Wherein
- by its signal at the output 4, the logic unit 9 first stops the increase in the output voltage from the high-voltage amplifier 2;
- then, after the lag time necessary for performing one measurement by the analog-to-digital converter 17, the logic block includes the light 12 and sound alarm 13 elements with its signal at the output 6, while also affecting the “memory” 2 memory element 18, which fixes the voltage of "breakdown" on the digital indicator 19, after which, again, a signal at the output 4 of the logic unit 9 "resets" the output voltage of the high-voltage amplifier 2 to zero.

 That is, in the presence of "breakdown" the voltage on the measuring electrodes will be absent, which will significantly increase the safety of working with the proposed device.

 For the next measurement of electrical stability, it is necessary to briefly turn on the “measurement” contact element 10 again.

 If the “breakdown” voltage of the emulsion under study exceeds the measurement limit of the proposed device, the logic unit 9 automatically “dumps” the output voltage of the high-voltage amplifier 2, and hence the voltage at the electrodes, to zero, which also increases the safety of working with the device.

 When you turn on the signal from the contact element "trip current" 11 to the input 2 of the logic unit 9, the logic unit with a signal from its second output 5 turns off the first key 14 and through the inverter 15 turns on the second key 16. In this case, the voltage from the reference source is displayed on the digital indicator 19 voltage 8 through the ADC 17 and the memory element 18, that is, in this case, the value of the threshold for the breakdown current is actually displayed. The logic block enables this mode only in the absence of a cycle of measuring the electrical stability. This mode is used to control the threshold of the breakdown current or to set the new threshold of the proposed device, which is provided by changing the value of the reference voltage from the output of the reference voltage 8. The mode of monitoring the current of breakdown and the ability to change its threshold significantly expand the functionality the proposed device.

 The presence of two additional analog outputs 20 and 21 allows you to take characteristics (draw graphs, take waveforms) of the entire cycle of measuring electrical stability, which also extends the functionality of the proposed device.

 The presence of an additional channel for measuring the magnitude of the current between the electrodes in the process of measuring electrical stability, consisting of a second additional analog-to-digital converter 22 and a second additional digital indicator 23 also expands the functionality of the proposed device.

 When taking measurements, the operator does not need to constantly monitor the voltage at which a "breakdown" will occur, since the proposed device will perform this automatically. In the event of a “breakdown”, it will automatically turn off the voltage from the measuring electrodes, turn on the light and sound signals, and at the same time “remember” the value of the “breakdown” voltage on the digital indicator 19.

 The electronic performance of the proposed device significantly increases its measurement accuracy and reliability, while reducing weight and dimensions.

 In this proposed device, its functionality has been significantly expanded, it is safer, more accurate and reliable in operation, it is easy to control.

 T. about. the application of the proposed technical solution allows to increase reliability in operation, simplify operator functions, increase the safety of measurements, increase the accuracy of measurements and expand the functionality of the device for measuring the electrical stability of invert emulsions in general.

Literature
1. Orlov G. A. and others. The use of inverse emulsions in oil production. - M .: Nedra, 1991, p. 46 and 47.

 2. Tokunov V.I. et al. Hydrophobic-emulsion drilling fluids. - M .: Subsoil. 1983. p. 52-58.

 34. Khabibulin R.A. and others. Express method for determining the stability of hydrophobic-emulsion solutions. - M.: Oil industry, 1975, 5, p. 25 and 26.

 4. SU 1247508 A1, cl. E 21 B 21/04, 07/30/1986.

Claims (9)

 1. Device for determining the electrical stability of invert emulsions, containing an unregulated high voltage source, consisting of a step-up voltage transformer, an adjustable high voltage source, current divider, light signaling element, contact metering element, two measuring electrodes and a recorder, characterized in that it equipped with a comparator having two inputs and an output, a reference voltage source, a contact element "tripping current", two keys, each of which has information th input, control input and output, by an inverter, an audible alarm element, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory element having an information input, a memory input and an output, a voltage divider and a semiconductor logic control unit having three inputs and three outputs, with dividers current and voltage are made in the form of variable resistors, the recorder is made in the form of a digital indicator, an adjustable high voltage source is made in the form of a semiconductor stabilized in the entire control range of a high-voltage DC amplifier, the power inputs of which are connected to the outputs of a step-up voltage transformer, the first DC power output is connected to the inputs of the voltage divider and the first electrode, the second DC power output is connected to the output of the voltage divider and through the current divider to the input of the second electrode, and the control input is connected to the first output of the semiconductor logic control unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the contact element "measured", the second input is connected inen with the output of the contact element "tripping current", the second output is connected to the control input of the first key and to the input of the inverter, the third output is connected to the light and sound alarm elements and to the input "memory" of the memory element, and the third input is connected to the output of the comparator, the first the input of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the second input is connected to the output of the reference voltage source and to the information input of the second key, the control input of which is connected to the inverter output, and the output is connected to the output of the first key and with the input of an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the information input of a memory element connected by an output to a digital indicator, and the information input of the first key is connected to the output of a voltage divider.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as two keys it contains two contactless keys.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as two keys it contains two contact keys.  4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises two analog outputs, one of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the other is connected to the output of the voltage divider.  5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that it further comprises two analog outputs, one of which is connected to the output of the current divider, and the other is connected to the output of the voltage divider.  6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, wherein the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.  7. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that it further comprises a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, and the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.  8. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that it further comprises a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, and the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.  9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a second analog-to-digital converter and a second digital indicator, wherein the input of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output of the current divider, and the output is connected to a digital indicator.