RU2176197C2 - Gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed gearbox has housing 1, coaxially mounted input shaft 2 and output shaft 3, counter-shaft 4 parallel to input and output shafts, gears mounted on shafts, three two-position shifter sleeve A, B, C and three-position shifter sleeve D. member 18 of twin sleeve A is arranged on gear 6 of input shaft 2, other member 19 is mounted on countershaft gear 8 and is coupled with first member 18 by shifter fork 20. Member 21 of twin sleeve B is installed on gear 11 of output shaft 3, and other member 22 is mounted on gear 8 of countershaft and is coupled with first member 21 by shifter fork 23. member 24 is twin sleeve C is installed on gear of third or fourth clusters of output shaft 3 and other member 25 is installed on countershaft gear 10 and is coupled with first member 24 by shifter fork 26. EFFECT: enlarged kinematic capabilities of gearbox, reduced metal usage. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

 Known transmission units with a step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars (Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Car: Structural analysis, calculation elements. - M .: Engineering, 1989 .-- 304 p.).

 These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

 Eight-speed gearboxes (gearboxes) are used, for example, gearboxes of the KAZ-4540 car (see p. 63, Fig. 40). The basic four-stage three-shaft gearbox is combined in one unit with a deceleration divider. Installing the front splitter reduced the unit's metal consumption compared to units of the usual layout, when a pair of gears is required for each gear, 8 forward gears are implemented by ten gears and two reverse gears require three more gears.

 This gearbox is also complicated and metal consuming.

 Closest to the proposed KP is the unit according to the copyright certificate SU 1654040, 60 K 17/08 (06/07/91. Bull. 21).

 This three-shaft coaxial gearbox type 8R4 (8 forward gears and 4 reverse gears). The gearbox consists of a housing with shafts located in it, with the input and output shafts aligned, the intermediate shaft (axis) installed parallel to the coaxial shafts. All forward gears on the shafts are mounted freely. Between the rows of gears there are three gearshift clutches, the middle clutch, a double two-position clutch, and consists of two one-sided half-couplings directed in different directions located on the gears of the intermediate and output shafts, the half-couplings are interconnected by one shifting fork. The reverse gears are located: one in the block of gears of the intermediate shaft, the second opposite the first gear on the lower gear clutch, the third on a separate axis.

 KP metal consumption by ed. St. N 1654040 is reduced, instead of 10 forward gears, only 8 are used, but there remains a drawback of the previous design of the gearbox - the free installation of gears on the input shaft. The movable landing of the gear on the input shaft increases its size, which leads to an increase in the center-to-center distance between parallel shafts, and does not reduce the dimensions and metal consumption of the unit. KP has limited kinematic possibilities of reverse gear - it is non-reversible and cannot be used on machines such as motor graders, rollers, etc.

 The objective of the invention is to further reduce the metal consumption of the KP and the expansion of its kinematic capabilities.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the gear on the input shaft is fixed rigidly (made integral with the shaft), the second dual two-position switching clutch, consisting of two one-way coupling halves and interconnected by one switching fork, is located between the gears of the input and output shafts, one half coupling is placed on the input gear shaft or on the adjacent gear wheel of the output shaft, another coupling half is placed on the gear of the intermediate shaft opposite the first coupling half, the third double on-off the first coupling is located between the rows of lower gears, one coupling half is mounted on the gear of the intermediate shaft, the other coupling half is mounted on the gear of the output shaft opposite the first coupling half, the fourth (three-position) switching coupling is located on the output shaft between the reverse gears and lower gears.

 In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a three-shaft coaxial reverse gearbox 8R8.

 In FIG. 2 is a beam diagram of the proposed gearbox with tables of positions of the clutch gears in various gears. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The vertical beam corresponds to a gear ratio of 1.0. The tilt of the beam to the right characterizes the decelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears, the more the beam, the greater the gear ratio. The tilt of the beam to the left indicates the accelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears. The slope of any beam, constant throughout the diagram.

 In the bearings of the housing KP 1 (see Fig. 1), the input shaft 2 is located, in the support of this shaft coaxially to it is the output shaft 3. Parallel to the coaxial shafts 2 and 3, an intermediate shaft is placed, which is divided into two parts 4 and 5.

 The gear 6 is fixed on the input shaft 2 (made together with the shaft) and is engaged with the gear 7 freely mounted on the shaft 4. The gear 8 is fixed on the shaft 4, and the gear 9 is mounted on it freely. Gear 8 can be manufactured separately and freely mounted on the shaft (axis) 4. Gear 10 is mounted on the shaft 5. Gears 11, 12 and 13 are freely mounted on the output shaft 3 and engaged in pairs with gears 8, 9 and 10, respectively. Reverse gear 14 is mounted on the shaft 5. The block of reverse gears 15 and 16 is mounted on the shaft in the bearings of the housing 1. Opposite the gear 16, the reverse gear 17 is freely mounted on the output shaft 3. The twin on-off coupling A consists of two one-way half-couplings: the half-coupling 18 is located on the gear 6 entrance to Ala 2, the coupling half 19 is located on the gear 8 of the intermediate shaft 4, the coupling halves are interconnected by one switching fork 20. The dual on-off coupling B is arranged similarly to the coupling A: the coupling half 21 is located on the gear 11 of the output shaft 3, and the coupling half 22 is located on the gear 9 of the shaft 4. Half couplings 21 and 22 are interconnected by a shifting fork 23. Clutch C is similar to couplings A and B: the coupling 24 is mounted on the gear 12 of the output shaft 3, and the coupling 25 opposite the coupling 24 on the gear 10 of the shaft 5, the coupling halves are interconnected by the shifting fork 26. Three-position clutch switch cheniya D (27) is mounted on the output shaft 3 between the gears 13 and 17.

 Couplings 18-25 can be installed differently. For example, the coupling half 18 on the gear 11, and the coupling half 19 opposite the coupling 18 on the gear 7 of the shaft 4. The coupling 21 can be mounted on the gear 12 of the output shaft 3, and the coupling half 22 on the gear 8, etc. Shafts 4 and 5 can be replaced by an axis on which the gears should be installed freely, and gears 10 and 14 must be combined into a block. The reverse gear block 15 and 16 can be replaced with a single gear.

 The work of the CP is as follows.

First gear
Clutch B is in the right position, and couplings A, C and D are in the left (see Fig. 2, the upper table is on the right above t. 1). The coupling halves 18, 22 and 24 are turned off, and the coupling halves 19, 21 and 25 are turned on (see Fig. 1, the coupling halves are shown in the neutral position, in which they are not fixed, but only pass this position when switching).

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, a coupling half 19, a pair of gears 8-11, a coupling half 21, a pair of gears 12-9, a coupling half 25, a pair of gears 10-13 and a coupling D to the output shaft 3.

 In the beam diagram (see Fig. 2), this transmission is represented by four rays: from t. 7 of the upper horizontal, a gentle beam 6-7 to the right down to the middle horizontal, beam 8-11 to the left up in accelerating mode, ray 12-9 to the right and down beam 10-13 right up to t. 1.

Second gear
We switch the coupling B to the left position, the coupling half 21 is turned off, and the coupling half 22 is turned on. All couplings are in the left position. Two pairs of gears are turned off from work: 8-11 and 12-9.

 From the input shaft 2, the torque is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, the coupling half 19, the gear 8, the coupling half 22, the gear 9, the coupling half 25 and further as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 6-7 from t. 7 and beam 10-13 to t. 2.

Third gear
We switch clutches A and B to the right position: clutch B has returned to the first gear position, at clutch A, the coupling half 19 is turned off, and the coupling half 18 is turned on. Instead of a pair of gears 6-7, we include a pair of 12-9.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 18, the gear 11, the coupling half 21, a pair of gears 12-9 in the decelerating mode (previously in the first gear this pair of gears worked in accelerating mode from the gear 9 to the gear 12), the coupling half 25 and then as previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: from t. 7, ray 12-9 and beam 10-13 to t. 3.

Fourth gear
Shift clutch B to the left as in second gear. Instead of a pair of gears 12-9, we include a pair of 11-8.

 From the input shaft 2, the torque is transmitted by the coupling half 18, a pair of gears 11-8, the coupling half 22, the gear 9, the coupling half 25 and further as in previous gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: from t. 7, beam 11-8 is steeply right to the bottom down, then a gentle beam 10-13 is directed up to t. 4 to the right.

Fifth gear
The position of the coupling C has changed from left to right - the coupling half 25 is turned off and the coupling half 24 is turned on, instead of the pair of gears 10-13, the pair 9-12 is turned on. The operation of couplings A and B duplicates the first four gears (see Fig. 2, top table). Compared to fourth gear, we change the position of couplings A and B.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, as in the first two gears, the coupling half 19, a pair of gears 8-11 in the accelerating mode, the coupling half 21, the gear 12, the coupling half 24, the gear 13 and the coupling D to the output shaft 3.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: a gentle beam 6-7 to the right down and beam 11-8 to the left up to T. 5.

Sixth gear
Switch clutch B to the left position. Instead of a pair of gears 8-11, we include a pair of 9-12.

 From the input shaft, the torque is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, a coupling half 19, a gear 8, a coupling half 22, a pair of gears 9-12 in an accelerating mode, a coupling half 24 and further as in the previous gear.

 In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: ray 6-7 to the right down and ray 9-12 to the left up to t. 6.

Seventh gear - direct
We switch couplings A and B to the right position. The torque from the input shaft to the output shaft is transmitted with high efficiency without torque transformation by the pairs of gears on the coupling halves 18, 21 and 24.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to point 7.

Eighth gear - accelerating
Switch clutch B to the left position.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a coupling half 18, a pair of gears 11-8, a coupling half 22, a pair of gears 9-12 in an accelerating mode, a coupling half 24 and further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: from t. 7, the ray 11-8 to the right is steep down and ray 9-12 to the left to the top to t. 8.

Reversing:
We switch the clutch D from the left position to the right - the gear 13 is disconnected from the output shaft 3, and the reverse gear 17 is turned on.

 The positions of the other couplings correspond to forward gears (see Fig. 2, upper and lower tables).

First Reverse - 1R
Clutches A and C in the left position, and couplings B and D in the right.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, a coupling half 19, a pair of gears 8-11, a coupling half 21, a pair of gears 12-9, a coupling half 25, a shaft 5, reverse gears 14-15-16-17 and a coupling D on the output shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction to the input shaft.

 On the ray diagram this transmission is represented by four beams: from t. 7 a gentle beam 6-7 to the right down, a beam 8-11 to the left up, a gentle beam 12-9 to the right down, then the beam 14-15-16-17 to t. 1R on lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R
Switch clutch B to the left position.

 To the shaft, the torque is transmitted as in the second forward gear, and from the shaft 5 as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 6-7 and then beam 14-15-16-17 to t. 2R on the lower horizontal.

Third Reverse - 3R
We switch couplings A and B to the right position, replace a pair of gears 6-7 with a pair of 12-9.

 Prior to the shaft 5, the torque is transmitted as in the third forward gear, then as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram this transmission corresponds to the rays: 12-9 from t. 7 to the right down, then the ray 14-17 to t. 3R.

Fourth Reverse - 4R
We switch clutch B to the left position, replace a pair of gears 12-9 with a pair of 11-8.

 The torque to the shaft 5 is transmitted as in the fourth forward gear, then as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: beam 11-8 from vol. 7 to the right, steep down, then ray 14-17 to vol. 4R.

Fifth Reverse - 5R
We switch clutches B and C to the right position, clutch C turned off half-coupling 25 and turned on half-coupling 24, which connected a pair of gears 13-10 to shaft 5 and reverse gears 14-17.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-7, a coupling half 19, a pair of gears 8-11, a coupling half 21, a gear 12, a coupling half 24, a pair of gears 13-10, a shaft 5, reverse gears 14-15-16-17 and clutch D on the output shaft 3.

 This transmission is represented by four rays in the beam diagram: a gentle beam 6-7 from t. 7 to the right down, a ray 8-11 steeply up to the right to t. 5, a gentle beam 13-10 to the left down, then a gentle beam 14-17 to the right down to T. 5R on the lower horizontal.

Sixth Reverse - 6R
We turn clutch A to the left position, instead of a pair of gears 8-11 we turn on a pair of 9-12.

 Until the coupling half 24, the torque is transmitted as in the sixth forward gear, then to a pair of gears 13-10 and then as in the previous gear.

 Four beams correspond to this transmission on the radiation diagram: a gentle beam 6-7 from t. 7, a ray 9-12 to the left up to t. 6, then a gentle beam 13-10 to the left down and 14-17 to the right down to t. 6R.

Seventh Reverse - 7R
We switch couplings A and B to the right position, all couplings are in the right position. The first two gear pairs of the previous gear were turned off.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 18, gear 11, coupling half 21, gear 12, coupling half 24 and further as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: from t. 7 a gentle beam 13-10 to the left down and then a gentle beam 14-17 to the right down to t. 7R.

Eighth reverse - 8R - accelerating
We switch the clutch B to the left position, turn on the pair of gears 11-8 and 9-12.

 Until the coupling half 24, the torque is transmitted as in the 8th forward gear, then as in previous gears.

 On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by four beams: from t. 7 to the right, the beam 11-8 steeply downward, a gentle beam 9-12 left up to t. 8, a gentle beam 13-10 left down and a gentle beam 14-17 right down to t .8R on the lower horizontal.

 A positive effect is expressed in reducing the metal consumption of the gearbox by reducing the diameter of the input gear pinion made together with the shaft, and in expanding the vehicle’s operational properties, in the possibility of reverse operation, by increasing the number of reverse gears from four to eight.

Claims (1)

 A gearbox comprising a housing with input, output and intermediate shafts located in it, the input and output shafts being installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft located parallel to these shafts, four gears mounted on the intermediate shaft, pairwise engaged with three gears freely mounted on the output the shaft, and the gear of the input shaft, a three-position switching clutch is located on the output shaft between the last rows of gears, a two-position dual clutch consisting of two one-sided half-couplings, p located between the second and third rows of gears, one half-coupling is mounted on the gear of the output shaft, the other half-coupling is mounted on the gear of the intermediate shaft opposite the first coupling, the coupling halves are interconnected by a shift fork, characterized in that the gear is fixed to the input shaft, the lower gear of the intermediate shaft is combined into a block with a reverse gear that is engaged through a separate gear or block of two reverse gears with a reverse gear freely mounted on the output shaft, two double position couplings are located between the first and second, as well as the third and fourth rows of gears, one coupling half is mounted on the input shaft gear or adjacent output gear wheel, another coupling half is mounted on the intermediate shaft gear opposite the previous coupling half, another coupling half is mounted on the gear of the third or the fourth rows of the shaft, and the other half coupling of this row is mounted on the gear of the intermediate row opposite the other half coupling, each pair of coupling halves is interconnected by a fork tions.

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