RU2155868C2 - Method of rise rill cut mining with filling of pipe-like kimberlite deposits by powder mining complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry; applicable in underground mining of pipe-like diamond deposits extended along the strike. SUBSTANCE: method includes driving of raise in central part of deposit. Driven on airway and haulage horizons are horizontal workings which are interconnected by intervals with vertical openings. Flank openings are located at distance from deposit contact equalling the length of powered support. Driven above haulage horizon with provision of pillar is mounting room for installation of powered mining complex. Driven round flank vertical openings from their both sides is common updip access road from which inclined slice is mined between flank vertical openings by powered mining complex using the miniface method (by short parallel stopes), and end parts of slice are worked during turning of powered mining complex. Simultaneously with idle travelling of powered mining complex, worked out slice is filled. Mounted in filled mass is support of shaft for ore drawing and servicing of powered mining complex. Fill is supplied through vertical opening above shaft. EFFECT: reduced ore losses in mining of extended deposits. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of tube-shaped elongated along strike diamond deposits.

 A known method for the development of tube-shaped different bodies (see ed. St. N 1618885, E 21 C 41/16), including preparatory and rifling workings, layered ascending mining of vertical strips with the laying of the treatment space with hardening mixtures. In this case, the rifled excavation in the layer passes along the contour of the ore body by no more than half its length, mining is carried out simultaneously over the entire ore body area in stripes of the first and second stages with a backlog of the second stage excavation to a height due to the rate of hardening of the bookmark and taking into account the effect of shock waves according to the empirical formula, while the development of each layer in the bands of the first stage is carried out with the formation of different pillars at the interfaces of the rifled and treatment workings. After laying the treatment workings of the layer by the explosion of cords in its roof, there are rifled production of strips of the previous layer. The rifled excavation in the layer of second-order stripes passes along the formed pillars into the notch to the laid rifled excavation of the first-stage strip.

 The disadvantages of this method are the high consumption of cement for the preparation of hardening mixtures and the dependence of the intensity of mining on the time of hardening of the bookmarks in the previous bands.

 There is also a known method for the development of ore bodies (see auth. St. N 881323, E 2l C 41/06), including the sinking of the uprising and excavation of the layers in layers from top to bottom in the radial direction under cover, and the uprising passes in the center of the ore body, and breaking one working face in a spiral around the specified uprising with the bypass of the beaten ore to the last. In addition, in order to improve ventilation, a flank uprising and ventilation drift can take place, the sinking of the latter is ahead of the treatment run by one revolution, and a ventilation drift is connected by a flank uprising with a treatment face.

 The disadvantage of the technical solution is the difficulty of maintaining the worked space without lateral rock displacements, which does not allow the use of this method when mining the Yakut diamonds under an aquifer.

 The closest in technical essence is the method using mechanized support for underground mining of kimberlite pipes (see the article by B.A. Frolov, V.I. Klishin "Mechanized method of underground mining of kimberlite pipes", collection "Geomechanical substantiation of technological solutions in the development of underground ores way "Novosibirsk, IGD SB RAS USSR, 1984., S. 86-93). The basis of this method is the sinking in the Central part of the tube of the ore shaft, outside the ore body - the main shaft for lifting ore. The trunks are interconnected by a system of mining workings and a certain number of ventilation shafts along the contour of a kimberlite pipe. Next, prepare one or more radial faces equipped with mechanized support, and a flexible ceiling is laid on it.

 Preparing the radial face is to give it a slope for excavation in a spiral. A spiral drift is created along the contour of the ore body to be removed, connecting the face to the ventilation shafts. Due to the fact that the technology of this method provides for an explosive method of breaking kimberlite, special mechanized roof supports with dynamic adaptability are used. The development of the kimberlite pipe is carried out in a descending order by radial spiral faces with mechanized support around the ore pass. As the ore layer is dredged, a spiral ring drift is erected, ventilation shafts are increased, and the worked-out space is filled with a bookmark.

 The disadvantage of this technical solution is the inability to use when mining a deposit under water and large losses of ore, if the deposit is not round, but elongated.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of mechanized development technology for deposits of irregular elongated shape, reducing losses during development of the field under the aquifer.

 The problem is solved as follows.

 On transport and ventilation horizons along the strike of the deposit (along the long axis of the tube-shaped kimberlite deposit), horizontal workings pass, which are interconnected by vertical workings at intervals. Moreover, the flank openings are located at a distance from the contact of the field, equal to the length of the mechanized lining. Above the transport horizon, leaving the pillar pass the mounting chamber and mount the mechanized complex. Around the flanking vertical workings on both sides there is a single (one face) inclined layer run along the uprising. Moreover, when driving on one side of the workings, the soil of the lay-in race rises to half the height of the layer, and with further penetration along the second side, the soil of the lay-in race rises to the full height of the layer. From the inclined layer run, the inclined layer is worked out by a mechanized mini-lava complex (short parallel approaches) between the flank vertical workings, and the end parts of the layer are worked out when the mechanized complex is turned around. As the mechanized lining moves, the used layer is laid.

 At least under one of the flanking vertical workings in the embedded mass, a trunk support is mounted for lowering the ore and auxiliary operations for servicing the mechanized complex. To feed the bookmarks into the face of the mechanized complex, use a flanking vertical working above the barrel.

 In addition, at the contact of the ore body can pass a layered ventilation drift, connected through a vertical mine with a ventilation horizon.

Significant differences of the proposed technical solution
- On the transport and ventilation horizons along the strike of the field, horizontal workings pass, which are interconnected at intervals. This technical solution provides, with a minimum number of workings, a working face for the production of kimberlite. At the same time, the issues of providing a mechanized complex for ore mining and laying the mined-out area, ensuring ventilation of the working face due to mine depression, and creating safe working conditions in the presence of at least two exits from the working face are being resolved. Vertical workings are used for ventilation and as an emergency exit from the face. The number of vertical workings connecting the transport and ventilation horizon is determined by economic feasibility.

 - Flank workings (vertical) are located at a distance from the contact of the deposit, equal to the length of the powered lining. This technical solution ensures the completeness of excavation of the ore in the layer along the ends of the ore deposit, allows turning the mechanized complex (without remounting) to work out the inclined layer on the other side of the vertical flank workings.

 - An assembly chamber passes over the transport horizon with the left of the pillar and a mechanized complex is mounted. This technical solution allows you to introduce the installation of mining equipment for the extraction of ore of the entire block. Moreover, the height of the block can be up to 100 m and a length along strike of up to 150 m or more, ore body thickness of 40-80 m or more. For such a unit, an installation chamber with a cross section of 3 x 6 m, a length of not more than 40 m, will be walked through and sections of a powered roof support with a total length of 20-40 m will be mounted in it, which together allows for the production of a kimberlite deposit with minimal capital costs per ton of ore mined. Above the transport mine, a minimum pillar of 3-5 m is left, ore is extracted from which it is mined while mining the underlying floor.

 - Around the flanking vertical workings on both sides there is a single (one face) inclined layer run along the uprising, and when driving on one side of the vertical workings, the soil of the layer run rises to half the height of the layer and, when further driving along the second side, rises to the full layer height.

 This technical solution allows the preparation of an inclined layer (around flanking vertical workings) with a minimum number of workings per 1000 tons of prepared reserves. The technology of carrying out preparatory development with one face on a special inclined track along the uprising is simplified. At full revolution, the inclined run rises to the height of the layer and without readjustment it is possible to prepare the next layer.

 - From the inclined layer run, the development of the inclined layer is carried out by a mechanized mini-lava complex (short parallel runs) between the flanking vertical workings, and the end parts of the layer are worked out when the mechanized complex is turned around.

 This technical solution provides greater block productivity with a minimum length of powered support. In addition, a high speed of advancement of the working face is ensured, which improves the stability of the roof and the face of the treatment space at the site of powered roof support.

 The presence of end turns of the mechanized complex creates the possibility of mining the block to the entire floor height of 80-100 m without re-mounting, which significantly reduces the cost of production and reduce the operating costs of using the mechanized complex.

 Given that the height of the inclined layer is determined by the possibility of mechanized lining (lining height 2-5 m) and the layers are located one above the other, with a field along a strike of 30-200 m, the angle of inclination will be very small. At such tilt angles, the mechanized support works in the same way as on shallow coal seams.

 - As the mechanized lining moves forward, they are laying the spent layer.

 This technical solution ensures the filling of the worked out space and allows sequentially working out the layers with a mechanized complex along the height of the block. The laying of the layer is carried out by well-known technical solutions using devices on a powered roof support for maintaining a dry bookmark or a dry bookmark with the addition of cement before laying in the treatment space.

 - At least under one of the flanking vertical openings in the embedded mass, mount the trunk support for lowering the ore and auxiliary operations for servicing the mechanized complex.

 This technical solution provides, at minimum cost, the connection of the transport horizon with the face, equipped with a mechanized complex. Mounting the support of the mine in the filling material is not a laborious and not complicated technological operation.

 In the tab, it seems possible to fasten almost any trunk with the necessary number of compartments, for example, for lowering ore, for lifting and lowering nodes, mechanisms and people, for servicing a mechanized complex, for laying pipelines and communication cables and supplying electricity, spare stairways, providing supply air for ventilation of the face.

 All of the above can be concentrated in one multi-unit (three, four) trunk. In addition, it is possible to reinforce two shafts on the flanks and, having dispersed their functions, for the convenience of servicing the mechanized complex and increasing the productivity of the block.

 To feed bookmarks from the ventilation horizon into the face of the mechanized complex, use a flank hole above the shaft.

 This technical solution provides a simple scheme for supplying dry bookmarks from the ventilation horizon for vertical production. Feeders are mounted above the shaft under the mine for overloading the dry bookmarks onto the conveyor, with the help of which the bookmark is delivered to a mechanized complex for laying in the spent part of the layer.

 - In addition, a layered ventilation drift, connected through a vertical mine with a ventilation horizon, can pass through the contact of the ore body.

 This technical solution is used in the development of powerful deposits, i.e. then, when there is a need to ventilate the face of the mini-lava with a through air stream, when the length of the face is more than 20 m. The layered drift pass ahead of the length, providing constant communication through the vertical workings with the ventilation horizon.

 Through a layered ventilation drift, an emergency exit from the working face of the mechanized lining is provided.

 The essence of the proposed technical solution.

 On the ventilation and transport horizons, along the strike of the field, there are ventilation and transport workings, which are connected at intervals by vertical ventilation and running workings. On the transport horizon, leaving the pillar above the transport workout, the first layer is equipped, for which the mounting chamber is passed, and a mechanized complex is mounted in it. Around the flanking vertical workings, on both sides there is a single inclined layer run along the uprising, from which the inclined layer is worked out by a mechanized complex. Between the flanking vertical workings, mining is carried out by a mini-lava (short parallel runs), and the end parts of the layer are worked out during a turn of the mechanized complex.

 At the same time, when moving the powered roof supports, the spent layer is filled with a dry bookmark.

 At least under one of the flanking vertical openings in the mass to be laid, mount the trunk support for lowering the ore and auxiliary operations for servicing the mechanized complex. To feed bookmarks from the ventilation horizon into the face of the mechanized complex, use a flanking vertical excavation above the ventilation shaft. In addition, a layered ventilation drift connected through vertical workings to the ventilation horizon can pass through the contact of the field.

 An example of a method for working off tube-shaped kimberlite deposits with inclined layers for rebellion by a mechanized complex with a bookmark is shown in FIG. 1-5.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an implementation of a method for developing a tube-shaped kimberlite deposit with an inclined layer in an uprising by a mechanized complex with a bookmark, a vertical section;
in FIG. 2 - the same, section 1-1 (Fig. 1), the plan of the worked out layer;
in FIG. 3 - the same plan of the layer during installation of the mechanized complex;
in FIG. 4 is a diagram of driving an inclined race in a layer, a vertical section;
in FIG. 5 is an example of a method when developing a powerful field using a layered ventilation drift, passed through the contact of the field.

 A kimberlite deposit is vertically cut into floors with a height of 80-100 m. In this case, the deposit in the mining floor is conducted in one block, even if the size along the strike is several hundred meters and the thickness is measured in tens of meters.

 On the ventilation horizon 1 along the strike of the deposit along the central part there is a ventilation hole 2 and form drilling chambers 3 for drilling vertical wells, which, when sequentially drilled, form ventilation-running workings 4.

 On the transport horizon 5 (Fig. 1.3) along the strike of the field along the central part, there is a transport excavation 6, in which, by means of niches 7, wells are cut (ventilation-running excavations 4) drilled from ventilation horizon 1.

 Wells can drill from niches 7 up to ventilation horizon 1. The distance between vertical workings 4 is determined by economic considerations and can range from 20 to 80 m or more. Flank (extreme) ventilation-running workings 4 are located at a distance from the contact of the field, equal to the length of the powered roof support 8 (mechanized complex).

 Above the transport horizon 5, leaving the pillar 9, the first layer is arranged. To do this, pass the mounting chamber 10 with a width of 4-6 m, a length of 15-40 m (before the contact of the field) and a height of 2.5-4 m (the height of the powered roof support). In the mounting chamber 10, the installation of the mechanized roof support 8 is carried out. In the layer above the whole around the flanking vertical workings, a unified (continuous) inclined layer run 11 passes on both sides (Fig. 2.4). In FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of driving an inclined race 11 in a layer — a vertical section. Dash-dotted lines 12 and 13 denote the axis of the flanking vertical workings 4.

 The section of the inclined run 11 between the axes 12 and 13, designated H, is inclined obliquely along the uprising. Moreover, the excess of soil of race 11 in the area of the right-flank excavation (axis 13) should be equal to half the layer height ((2-4) / 2). The annular sections 14 of the inclined race around the flanking vertical workings pass horizontally.

 The inclined run 11 on the second side of the ventilation and mine workings also runs obliquely (in dashed lines in Fig. 4) at the same angle and at the boundary of the axis 12 (left flank) of the working ground, the run should rise to the full height of the inclined run. With further penetration of the layer race, it will be located above the previously passed layer race, by this time filled with a bookmark.

 The field is mined by inclined layers between the axes 12 and 13 (between the flanking vertical workings) by a mechanized complex 8 of a mini-lava (short parallel approaches). The end parts of the layer “A” and “B” of the layer are worked out during the rotation of the mechanized lining.

 At the same time, when moving the mechanized lining, bookmark 15 of the spent layer, for example, a dry bookmark with the addition of cement. At least under one of the flanking vertical openings 4 (for example, along the 13 axis) in the array to be installed, mount the shank 16 for lowering the ore and auxiliary operations of the mechanized complex 8. The vertical working 4 above the shaft 16 is used to feed bookmarks from the ventilation horizon into the face mechanized complex 8. Mechanized complex 8 is equipped with well-known technical solutions for laying dry bookmarks in the waste space.

 For the installation of deposits, when it is difficult to ventilate the working face, a layered ventilation drift 17 can be passed through the contact of the deposit, which is connected to the ventilation horizon by means of additional vertical workings 18.

 An example implementation of the method.

 The opening of the deposit and the sinking of the ventilation 2 and transport 6 workings are made by known methods. Of the ventilation openings 2, vertical wells are drilled, which are cut on the transport horizon 5, by means of a niche 7. Wells are sequentially expanded to the size of the vertical ventilation-running workings 4. The first layer is organized above the transport horizon, leaving the pillar 9, for which the installation chamber passes 10 and mount the mechanized complex 8.

 Around the flanking vertical workings in the first layer there is an inclined run 11, connecting it as it is drilled with vertical workings 4.

 After driving the inclined exit 11 from one side (from the side where the mechanized complex 8 is mounted), treatment works begin. Ore is mined by a mechanized mini-lava complex. For this, the mechanized complex is equipped with a shearing or tunneling machine, sections of mechanized lining, means for transporting the mined ore and devices for laying the worked out space in the layer. The process of extraction and laying of the worked-out space is carried out by well-known techniques using mini-lava technology. After mining the inclined part of the layer on one side by a mechanized complex, when it is turned, ore is mined in the end part of the deposit. A roadheader passes a layered ramp on the other side of the vertical-running workings 4. Then, ore is mined from the prepared inclined layer on the other hand by a mechanized complex with also mini-lavas to the flanking vertical mine. When turning the mechanized complex, ore is mined from the second end of the deposit.

 When making one revolution around the flank vertical workings 4, a mechanized complex will produce ore from two inclined layers and two ends.

 The mechanized complex during movement rises to the height of the layer (2-4 m) and is placed above the layer previously worked out and filled with the tab, and the cycle is repeated until the block is completely worked out. During the development of the next layer, the barrel is being expanded to lower ore with compartments for servicing the mechanized complex.

 When developing powerful deposits, a layered ventilation drift 17 passes along the contour in the layer, and it is necessary that the layered drift was constantly shot down with at least one additional ventilation mine 18. Ore mining by the mechanized complex is carried out in the usual manner with an increased length of the working face (equal to the length mechanized complex).

Claims (2)

 1. The method of mining tube-shaped kimberlite deposits in inclined layers to revolt with a mechanized complex with a bookmark, including the formation of ventilation and transport horizons, sinking of the rising production in the central part of the deposit, excavation of layers by a mechanized complex, characterized in that on transport and ventilation horizons along the strike of the deposit, along the long axis of the tube-shaped kimberlite deposit are horizontal openings, which at intervals they are interconnected by vertical workings, and the flank workings are located at a distance from the field contact equal to the length of the mechanized lining, and on the transport horizon with the pillar left, an assembly chamber is passed and a mechanized complex is mounted, a single inclined layered run around the flanks on both sides of the uprising moreover, when passing on one side of the vertical workings, the soil of the layer approach rises half of the height of the layer and with further penetration on the second side it rises to the full height of the layer, from the inclined layer run, the development of the inclined layer is carried out by the mechanized complex with short parallel runs, between the flanking vertical workings the end parts of the layer are worked out when the mechanized complex is turned around, and as the mechanized complex advances, they lay the spent layer, and at least at least under one of the flanking vertical openings in the mass to be laid, mount the trunk support for lowering the ore and auxiliary operations for maintenance of the mechanized complex, and for feeding bookmarks from the ventilation horizon into the face of the mechanized complex, use a flanking vertical working above the trunk.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the contact of the deposit pass a layered ventilation drift, which is shot down with vertical workings of the ventilation horizon.

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