RU2150427C1 - Apparatus for producing active charcoal from wood chips - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood-working industry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has vertical withdrawable retorts with perforated detachable bottom, furnace with combustion chamber, heated chamber and gas conduits. Heated chamber is divided into activation section and pyrolysis section, which are connected in series with combustion chamber via gas conduits. Withdrawable retorts have vapor distributors axially aligned with openings arranged in tiers, with total opening section areas in different tiers increasing from the bottom tier to the top tier. EFFECT: increased efficiency and reduced consumption of vapors. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of production of activated carbons from wood chips and can be used in timber industry enterprises and at enterprises of sawmilling and woodworking.

 A known device for producing charcoal (prototype), containing a vertical removable retort with a removable perforated bottom, a heated chamber, a furnace with a furnace, flues [1]. The disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of its use in the combined process of pyrolysis of wood and activation of coal, since the design of removable retorts used in the device does not provide for the possibility of supplying an activating agent, for example, superheated water vapor, to the retort and its uniform distribution in coal. Also known is a device for activating coal with a fixed fixed layer [2], which may be an analogue of the invention. Its disadvantage is the depletion of activation gases as they move through a layer of coal.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of activation of charcoal due to the fact that the process is carried out with a minimum consumption of steam.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the following improvements are made to the device, which includes vertical removable retorts with a removable perforated bottom, a heated chamber, a furnace with a furnace, and flues. The heated chamber is divided into sections of pyrolysis and activation, connected in series with the furnace flue ducts. Removable retorts are equipped with steam distributors mounted axially with tiers of holes, the total sections of which in different tiers increase from bottom to top.

 A diagram of a device for producing activated carbon is shown in FIG. 1. According to FIG. 1, the device consists of a furnace 1, activation sections 2 and pyrolysis 3 connected by gas ducts 4 and 5, retorts 6–8 installed in the openings of the arches of sections 2 and 3, as well as heat-insulating covers 9–11 above the retorts.

 The bottom of the retort 6 - 8 is made in the form of an easily removable perforated sheet, and the covers are equipped with nozzles for connecting or disconnecting a steam pipe or plug. Retorts 6 - 8 are installed in the openings of the arches of sections 2 and 3 on the O-rings with sand gates.

 In FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a retort steam distributor device. A cylindrical tube 12 with holes is installed in the retort 8 along its axis. The total cross section of the holes in the pipe 1 increases from the bottom up so that the steam flow through all layers of coal is constant.

In accordance with FIG. 1 device operates as follows. Retorts 6 and 7 are loaded with wood chips, plugs are installed on the branch pipes and placed in the pyrolysis section 3 with a time shift equal to 1/2 of the required pyrolysis period. Under the influence of the heat of the gases leaving the furnace 1 through the activation section 2 along the flues 4 and 5, drying occurs, followed by pyrolysis of wood chips and calcination of coal. Combustible gases obtained by pyrolysis of wood and calcining of coal escape through the trellis bottom of retorts 6 and 7, ignite under the influence of high temperature in the lower part of section 3 and burn it, giving additional heat to the process. After the process of carbonization of the chips is completed, for example, in retort 6, the cover 9 is removed, the retort 6 is removed from section 3, and a retort with fresh chips is installed in its place. Then, the cover 11 is removed from the activation section 2, the retort 8 with the activated charcoal is taken out and the retort 6 is installed in its place. The cover 11 is closed, the plugs are removed from the pipe on the retort, the steam pipe is connected and water vapor is introduced into the retort at a temperature of 850 ^o C. Under exposure to heat from flue gases and water vapor in the charcoal forms micropores, which make it active. The gases emitted during coal activation exit the retort through its perforated bottom and burn out in section 2, providing the process with additional heat. After the activation operation is completed, the steam line is disconnected from the retort 8, the plug is removed from the pipe of the arch of the retort 7 and placed on the pipe of the arch of the retort 8, then the covers 10 and 11 are opened. The retort 8 is removed from section 2 and placed on a platform with a sand valve to cool the coal. In its place, put the retort 7, extracted from section 3, and in section 3 set the retort with fresh wood chips. The covers 10 and 11 are closed, a steam line is connected to the branch pipe of the retort 8 and a new activation cycle is started, after which similar operations are performed from the retort 6.

 As shown in FIG. 2, water vapor enters into the retort 2 through the tiers of the opening of the steam distributor 1. The increase in the total cross-sections of the holes in the tiers ensures a uniform flow of water vapor through coal in all its layers.

 The proposed device has significant advantages over the known, because provides compensation for losses of the activating agent as it is consumed by layers of coal while moving the agent from top to bottom.

List of references
1. Yudkevich Yu.D., Ivanov A.S., Svirin L.V. A device for producing coal. RF patent N 2115689, C 10 B 53/02, 1/04, application. N 97101139/25 (001261) from 01.24.97, publ. 07/20/98, bull. N 20.

 2. Petrov B.S., Simkin Yu.Ya. Device for producing activated carbon. Autosvid. N 1432002, C 01 B 31/08, C 10 B 3/00, application. N 4046422 / 31-26 from 02.01.86, publ. 10.23.88, bull. N 39.

Claims (1)

 A device for producing activated carbons from wood chips containing vertical extraction retorts, a heated chamber, a furnace with a furnace, gas ducts, characterized in that the heated chamber is divided into pyrolysis and activation sections connected in series with the combustion ducts, and the extraction retorts are equipped with steam distributors with tiers of openings , the total sections of which in different tiers increase from bottom to top.

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