RU2141030C1 - Device for construction of mine shafts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction of mine shafts; applicable, mainly, in construction of tunnels and subways in sinking of vertical shafts. SUBSTANCE: device includes double-deck sinking platform provided with locks, rigid guides and moving mechanism. In addition, device has circular supporting conductor with monorails, bracing screw devices and movable carriage with moving mechanism, mechanism for ground excavation, mechanism of ground loading, and mechanism for installation of tubings. Movable carriage has on its edges supporting rollers engageable with upper and perforated lower monorails of conductor. Installed on carriage is mechanism of ground excavation and mechanism of ground loading. Mechanism of ground excavation is mounted on lower end of vertical shaft hinged to central part of movable carriage for motion together with carriage over circular supporting conductor and excavation of all area of bottom of mine shaft. Mounted below double-deck platform is the third circular monorail on which mechanism of tubing installation is mounted for motions and made in form of flexible conductor engageable with telpher. EFFECT: higher quality of construction jobs and reduced terms of their accomplishment. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of tunnel and metro construction, and directly to devices for the construction of vertical (mine) shafts.

 A device is known for constructing a mine shaft constructed by a blasting method, comprising a single-grab loader, a drilling rig, a suspended tunnel shelf with equipment for lowering the concrete mixture (a receiving hopper with a winch for tipping it, a concrete pipe with a receiving funnel and a deadlock speed quencher, a telescopic device and a flexible concrete pipe, tub, guide frame, guide bell) and equipment on the surface (unloading load, drive for opening it, control panel, etc. .), downhole pump, rescue ladder, compressed air ventilation pipe and other equipment (1).

 A similar complex for the construction of a mine shaft is known, including a suspended two-story shelf, a single grab loader with a movable spacer carriage moving inside the shield, a folding metal formwork suspended on separate ropes, a support ring suspended on chains and hoists to the formwork, heavy-duty self-tipping. A movable spacer carriage with a loading machine is suspended independently of the tunnel shelf. Drilling of holes is carried out with hand punchers (type PR) (2).

The disadvantages of the known devices for the construction of mine shafts are:
- limited scope, mainly in monolithic and stable rocks;
- lack of effectiveness of the device;
- the dependence of the penetration rate on the depth of the holes, which depends on the technical capabilities of the drilling and loading equipment, the nature of the rocks being cut and the qualifications of the drifters;
- the need to improve sanitary and hygienic conditions and the safety of drifters;
- the need for more complete mechanization of most production processes and increased productivity of drifters.

 A known complex for implementing the harvester method of sinking with mechanical destruction of the rock with a cutter or rolling cutter rock-cutting tool (3).

 The stem-boring drilling combine complex includes a combine, formwork, sinking lifting vessels, a pile driver, an unloading machine, winches, a lifting installation and other equipment. The harvester is mounted on a metal all-welded shelf, consisting of two sections.

The disadvantages of the well-known drilling complex are:
- limited scope;
- the feasibility of using the complex for sinking shafts with a depth of less than 500 m;
- the complexity of the device, its insufficient reliability;
- the need for shift, daily and monthly maintenance of the combine;
- the impossibility of using the complex in unstable rocks.

 A well-known complex for sinking shaft shafts with lowering support in unstable aquifers (4).

 This complex includes a knife ring, a sealing device for holding a thixotropic mortar and equipment for the development and delivery of rock to the surface, crushing supports, preparing and supplying a thixotropic mortar, mounting a lowering support. Four-jaw rope grabs are used to develop the breed. Support equipment for crushing supports includes hydraulic jacks, oil station and supporting structure.

 The load created by the jacks on the lowering lining allows crushing it and introducing the knife part into the rock, as well as adjusting the load on the lining.

 The supporting structures, to which the hydraulic jacks are suspended, are fixed in a reinforced concrete foreshaft buried in the rock by 5-6 m.

 The lower support is mounted on the surface with a special annular hanging shelf.

The disadvantages of the known crushing complex are:
- limited scope;
- the possibility of application mainly for sinking trunks of shallow depth, as well as abutments of trunks;
- lack of effectiveness of the method.

 Known shield complex for the construction of mine shafts (5). The shield complex for the construction of shaft shafts includes a housing, inside which there are power jacks pivotally connected to the press ring, a sliding formwork, connected by jacks to the lower shelf, rigidly connected to the shield body, and the upper shelf.

 The switchboard complex is equipped with persistent jacks and spherical bearings connecting the sliding formwork with the upper shelf, and the persistent jacks are pivotally mounted around the perimeter of the shield body and turned by the support heels towards the bottom.

The disadvantages are:
- As indicated on p. 4 descriptions by A.S. 597845, at the intersection of aquifers, the assembly of tubing or reinforced concrete lining through this complex is possible only after dismantling the sliding formwork and the pressing ring.

Obviously, a device with a cast-pressed lining cannot be used for the construction of vertical shafts in unstable water-saturated soils (and this is recognized in the description by A.S. 597845), and assembly of tubing or reinforced concrete lining is impossible without first dismantling the sliding formwork and the pressing ring , i.e. in such conditions, the opposed complex is inoperative and does not ensure the achievement of the purpose of the invention is the effective construction of mine shafts in rocks with various physical and mechanical properties;
- the use of cast-pressed lining is difficult in weak unstable soils, prevailing, for example, in a 40-meter zone from the surface, during the construction of mine shafts of the Leningrad Metro; such soils must first be fastened by freezing them or by chemical methods;
- the device is unsuitable for the development of frozen soil;
- the developing body does not have a rigid fixation, there will be a lot of vibration during the development of the breed, which will not allow to provide an accurate output contour;
- not ensured by the safety during the work of drifters;
- the complexity of the device;
- communications with sliding formwork significantly complicate the maneuverability and controllability of the shield;
- if you use a complex with an assembly of reinforced concrete lining (or tubing), you must have a device for mounting the lining, and in the proposed device it is difficult.

 A device for the construction of shaft shafts (6) is known, including a two-tier tunneling shelf, each of which has a stopper and rigid guides, a mechanism for moving the complex through hydraulic cylinders connecting the upper and lower tiers, an annular supporting conductor with upper and perforated lower monorails and spacer screw devices , two movable carriages that move along a circular upper and perforated lower monorail.

 One of them has a soil development mechanism and a tubing stacking mechanism, and the other has a soil loading mechanism.

 The disadvantages of the known device are the limited space for accommodating these mechanisms, as practice shows, they interfere with each other, which increases the construction time of the barrel, negatively affects the quality of construction work.

 The proposed device for the construction of mine shafts can eliminate the disadvantages inherent in similar known devices.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for the construction of mine shafts, including a two-tier tunneling shelf, equipped with stops and rigid guides, a device movement mechanism, an annular support conductor with monorails, one of which is perforated with screw spacers and a movable carriage with a movement mechanism, the mechanism of soil development, the mechanism of loading the soil and the laying mechanism of the tubing, the movable carriage is equipped at the edges with supporting rollers interacting with the upper and the perforated lower jig monorail, and in the lower part of the bearing rollers interacting with the jig lower monorail, a soil development mechanism and a soil loading mechanism are mounted on the carriage, the soil development mechanism mounted on the lower end of a vertical shaft pivotally mounted in the central part of the movable carriage with the possibility of moving together with the carriage along the annular support conductor and the development of the entire area of the bottom of the shaft shaft, and is made with replaceable rock-mining organ with a milling cutter for developing loose soil and a hydraulic hammer for developing frozen soil, a third ring monorail is mounted below the two-tier shelf, on which the tubing stacking mechanism is mounted with the ability to move along it, made in the form of a flexible conductor interacting with a hoist, docked tubing and bypass movable rollers mounted on a perforated monorail with the ability to bend the ring support conductor with a flexible conductor and align the bolt holes of the joint forged tubing.

 The claimed device is new, because it is unknown in the prior art. The claimed device has an inventive step, because it does not explicitly follow from the prior art for a specialist.

 The claimed device is industrially applicable, because it can be used in the construction of shaft shafts.

 In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a device for the construction of shaft shafts installed in the barrel.

 In FIG. 2 is a horizontal section through this device installed in a shaft shaft.

 A device for constructing mine shafts comprises a driving shelf with an upper 1 and lower 2 tiers, each of which has a stopper 3 based on the lining of the barrel 4, rigid guides 5, a movement mechanism of the complex 6, consisting of three hydraulic cylinders connecting the upper 1 and lower 2 tier, annular support conductor 7, assembled from steel welded segments with upper 8 and perforated lower 9 monorails and spacer screw devices 10, a movable carriage 11, on which the excavation mechanism 12 is mounted, yayuschy a jib body with interchangeable bodies to develop - milling for the development of the loose soil and hammer for the development of frozen soil, and the soil loading mechanism 13, in the form of the excavator body.

 The movable carriage 11 is provided at the edges with supporting rollers 14 interacting with the upper 8 and perforated lower 9 monorails and the movement mechanism 15, is a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the carriage 11 body, at the end of the rod of which there is a carriage with a gripping device 16 in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, the rod of which is fixed into the holes of the perforated monorail 9. The soil development mechanism 12 is mounted on the lower end of the vertical shaft pivotally mounted in the central part of the movable carriage 11 with the possibility of th move together with the carriage 11 along the circular reference conductor 7 and the development of the entire area of the shaft bottom. Below the two-tier shelf, a third annular monorail 17 is mounted on which the tubing-laying mechanism 18 is mounted to move along it, made in the form of a flexible conductor 19, connected at one end to the hoist 20, and the other with the tubing of the assembled lining 4 and using bypass movable rollers 21 mounted on a perforated monorail 9 enveloping the annular support conductor 7.

 A device for constructing a shaft shaft is located inside the lining 4 of the shaft shaft, with its stoppers 3 it rests on the rib of the tubing 4 and works as follows. The rock for the next lining ring to be installed is developed using the soil development mechanism 12. The mechanism 12 moves relative to the carriage in the vertical and horizontal plane and together with the carriage 11 around the circumference of the annular support conductor 7. Thus, the entire face area is mechanically developed, and when the milling worker is rigidly fixed body and calcination of the carriage in a circle, the exact geometric contour of the developed soil is obtained. The mechanism of soil development 12 is made with replaceable rock-producing bodies - milling - for the development of loose soil and a hydraulic hammer - for the development of frozen soil. Loading of the soil is performed using the mechanism of loading the soil 13, which is an excavator mounted on a movable carriage 11.

 The tubing of the assembled lining ring 4 is laid using the mechanism for laying the tubing 18. The ends of the flexible conductor 19 are passed through the bolt holes of the tubing of the assembled lining ring 4 and grab by the bolt holes of the newly installed tubing. When the hoist 20 is turned on, the tubing is pulled up and installed exactly in its intended place and bolted to the previous ring 4.

 To move the mine complex along the axis of the barrel by a step equal to the depth of one lining ring 4, the stoppers 3 of the lower tier 2 and the lower tier 2 are removed by one movement step 6, then its stoppers 3 are pulled out and fixed overboard of the barrel lining 4 After this, the stoppers 3 of the upper tier 1 and the upper tier 1, rigidly connected by the guides 5 with the annular support conductor 7, are removed, is moved by the movement mechanism 6 one step after the lower tier 2, after which the stopper is extended and 3 of the upper tier 1. To give stability to the annular support conductor 7, it is bursting with the help of screw spacers 10 into the lining tubes of the barrel 4.

The claimed mechanized complex for the construction of vertical shafts has, in comparison with known devices, the following new properties:
- provides mechanized development of soil, its excavation and transportation over the entire area of the face;
- provides an accurate output circuit in a mechanized way;
- provides a complete exclusion of manual labor in the construction of a vertical trunk;
- significantly increases the safety of tunnel workers; sanitary and hygienic conditions of their work;
- the work of drifters turns into the work of operators to manage the relevant mechanisms for the construction of a vertical trunk;
- provides an increase in penetration rate in comparison with the known complexes in similar Leningrad mining and geological conditions (soils with a strength of up to 3 according to the table of Prof. Protodyakonov) by 1.3 times;
- provides the possibility of simultaneous work in a limited volume of mechanisms for the development of rocks, loading the soil and laying tubing;
- provides a significant reduction in construction time, labor costs and construction costs.

Sources of information taken into account:
1. Handbook of a mechanic-mine builder / Ed. D.I. Maliomanova - M .: Nedra, 1986, p. 232 - 237.

 2. Ibid., P. 237 - 254.

 3. In the same place, with. 237 - 247.

 4. Ibid., P. 306 - 307.

 5. USSR author's certificate N 597845, E 21 D 1/03, 03/15/78.

 6. USSR author's certificate N 1752964, E 21 D 1/08, 08/07/92.

Claims (1)

 A device for the construction of shaft shafts, including a two-tier tunneling shelf equipped with stops and rigid guides, a device moving mechanism, an annular supporting jig with monorails, one of which is perforated, with screw spacers and a movable carriage with a moving mechanism, soil development mechanism, soil loading mechanism and Tubing-laying mechanism, characterized in that the movable carriage is provided at the edges with supporting rollers interacting with the upper and perforated lower m conductor monorails, and in the lower part - bearing rollers interacting with the lower conductor monorail, a soil development mechanism and a soil loading mechanism are installed on the carriage, and the soil development mechanism is mounted on the lower end of a vertical shaft pivotally mounted in the central part of the movable carriage with the possibility of movement together with the carriage along the annular support conductor and the development of the entire area of the bottom of the shaft of the shaft and is made with removable rock-forming bodies - milling for p the development of loose soil and a hydraulic hammer for the development of frozen soil, below the two-tier shelf is mounted the third ring monorail, on which the tubing stacking mechanism is mounted with the ability to move along it, made in the form of a flexible conductor interacting with a hoist, joined tubing and bypass movable rollers mounted on a perforated monorail with the ability to bend around the flexible conductor of the annular support conductor and combining the bolt holes of the joined tubing.

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