RU2140882C1 - Method of production of disinfected drinkable water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of production of drinkable water from demineralized, particularly, desalinized water on ion exchangers. SUBSTANCE: method includes introduction into water of calcium chloride at water-calcium chloride weight ratio equalling 1:(0.00008-0.0002); treatment with bicarbonate anionite and water-anionite volume ratio of 1:(0.002-0.006); introduction into water of mixture of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate with water-salts mixture weight ratio of 1:(0.00003- 0.00006):(0.000002-0.000022): (0.000004-0.000029), respectively; introduction of mixture of sodium fluoride and silver sulfate with water-salts mixture weight ratio of 1:(0.0000012-0.0000033):(0.0000008-0.0000069), respectively. Inorganic salts may be introduced in form of certain amounts of solid salts, salts solutions, and mixtures of solutions of salts. Components may be introduced directly into vessels for water treatment and into flow of treated water. EFFECT: provided production of physiologically full-value disinfected drinkable water of hydrocarbonate class by more simple method and without use of complicated apparatuses that is of importance in supply of people with water, especially, under extreme situations. 4 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for producing drinking water from demineralized, in particular obtained as a result of desalination on an ion exchanger.

 A known method of producing drinking water from a distillate, comprising mixing desalinated sea water with a mineralizing additive, which is used as a clarified waste brine in an amount of 1-2% of the total volume of drinking water (SU, a.s. N 407840, C 02 F 1 / 68, 1973). In this way, water suitable for drinking is obtained, but it does not comply with GOST 2874 in terms of organoleptic characteristics. In addition, the development of pathogenic microflora in the resulting water is possible due to the lack of water disinfection.

 A known method of producing drinking water from desalinated on an electrodialysis installation. As a mineralizing additive in this method, natural salt water is used, for example, sea water (SU, A.S. N 464535, C 02 F 1/68, 1975). In this way, potable water is obtained, however physiologically inferior. The presence in it of an unbalanced amount of sodium and chlorine ions, compared with other ions, makes such water brackish and unpleasant in taste. In addition, the development of pathogenic microflora in the resulting water is possible due to the lack of water disinfection.

 A known method of producing drinking water from desalinated by introducing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate (RU, patent N 2051125, C 02 F 1/68, 1995). In this way, water is obtained physiologically balanced in terms of potassium and magnesium salts. However, it is impossible to use such water exclusively for a long time, due to the absence of physiologically necessary ions in it, such as calcium, fluorine, and chlorine ions. The term "healing" is more suitable for such water. In addition, the taste qualities of sulfate class water are rather low due to the absence of bicarbonate ions in it.

Analysis of the current state of the art shows that the closest technical solution to the proposed one is a method for producing drinking water from distilled (demineralized) water, including treating the water with carbon monoxide (IV) while filtering it through a granular carbonate-containing charge, its subsequent fluorination with a NaF solution, stabilization with a Na solution ₂ SO ₄ and ozone disinfection (SU, ac N 1412232, C 02 F 1/68, 1990). In this way, a physiologically complete disinfected drinking water of the hydrocarbonate class is obtained.

 The main disadvantage of this method of producing drinking water is the mandatory introduction of carbon monoxide (IV) in the form of a solution and ozone, as well as the associated difficulties in the apparatus design of the method. This method cannot be used in extreme conditions when there is a need for complete drinking water obtained from desalinated.

 In this regard, a technical problem arose - the development of a method for producing physiologically complete disinfected drinking water of the hydrocarbonate class from demineralized, which allows to simplify the technology for its production, as well as to ensure the possibility of using the method in extreme conditions. The solution to the problem is achieved by first introducing calcium chloride in demineralized water at a weight ratio of water: calcium chloride equal to 1: 0.00008 - 0.0002, then treating with anion exchange resin in bicarbonate form at a volume ratio of water: anion exchange resin equal to 1: 0.02 - 0.06, followed by the introduction of a mixture of salts of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate at a mass ratio of water: a mixture of salts equal to 1: 0.00003 - 0.00006: 0.000002 - 0.000022: 0.000004 - 0, 000029, respectively, as well as a mixture of sodium fluoride and silver sulfate in a mass ratio of water: a mixture of salts 1: 0.0000012 - 0.0000033: 0.0000008 - 0.0000069, respectively. The introduction of inorganic salts can be carried out by adding them in the form of solid compounds or in the form of their solutions of salts or mixtures of solutions of salts. In addition, they can be introduced directly into the water treatment tanks - stationary, or into the stream of treated water.

 This salt is used as calcium chloride in a weight to water ratio of 0.00008-0.0002: 1, respectively.

 As a solution of calcium chloride, a solution containing 80-200 mg / ml of calcium chloride is used.

 As the anion exchange resin in bicarbonate form, a highly basic gel or macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene anion exchange resin in bicarbonate form is used with a volumetric ratio to water of 0.02-0.06: 1.

 As a mixture of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, a mixture of these salts is used with a mass ratio to water of 0.00003 - 0.00006: 0.000002 - 0.000022: 0.000004 - 0.000029: 1, respectively. As a mixture of solutions of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate, solutions containing 8.97-9.90 mg / ml of magnesium ions, 2.10-2.31 mg / ml of sodium ions, 2.00-2.21 mg are used / ml of potassium ions, 5.56-6.15 mg / ml of bicarbonate ions, 37.86-41.84 mg / ml of sulfate ions.

 As a mixture of sodium fluoride and silver sulfate, a mixture of these salts is used at a weight to water ratio of 0.0000012 - 0.0000033: 0.0000008 - 0.0000069: 1, respectively. As a mixture of solutions of sodium fluoride and silver sulfate using solutions containing 0.91-1.00 mg / ml of silver ions, 2.52-2.77 mg / ml of sodium ions, 2.07-2.30 mg / ml of ions fluorine, 0.41-0.45 mg / ml sulfate ions.

 Analysis of the proposed method for producing drinking water and known technical solutions shows that there is no combination of features that are identical in technical essence to the claimed. A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the claimed solution differs from the prototype in the use of new components in the proposed amounts for water mineralization, as well as in the methods and sequence of their input.

 Thus, the claimed method meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." In the literature and practice there is no information about the method identical to the proposed one and this does not follow explicitly from the prior art. This allows us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step". The proposed solution ensures the achievement of a technical result, can be implemented by conditioning demineralized water, enriching it with physiologically necessary elements for a person and providing the possibility of its multiple reproduction, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

 The invention is illustrated by examples.

 Example 1

 Powdered calcium chloride in an amount of 800 mg is placed in distilled water (volume 10 l), stirred until complete dissolution. Next, 200 cm of cube are introduced into the water. A-600 highly basic quaternary ammonium styrene-divinylbenzene anion exchanger (PUROLITE) in bicarbonate form, stirred, the anion exchanger is filtered off. Then, magnesium sulfate - 300 mg, potassium sulfate - 20 mg and sodium bicarbonate - 40 mg in the form of a mixture of salts are placed in water, mixed. Then, sodium fluoride - 12 mg and silver sulfate - 0.8 mg are placed in water as a mixture of salts. The results of determining the ion content in the resulting water are presented in the table.

 The ion content is determined in accordance with the methods presented in the book "Guide to chemical and technological analysis of water." M., Stroyizdat, 1973, 273 p.

 Example 2

 Powdered calcium chloride in an amount of 2000 mg is placed in distilled water (volume 10 l), stirred until complete dissolution. Next, 600 cm3 are injected into the water. highly basic quaternary ammonium styrene-divinylbenzene anion exchange resin AB-17-8hc (GOST 20301) in bicarbonate form, stirred, the anion exchange resin is filtered off. Then magnesium sulfate - 811 mg, potassium sulfate - 220 mg and sodium bicarbonate - 290 mg in the form of a mixture of salts are placed in water, mixed. Next, sodium fluoride - 33 mg and silver sulfate - 6.9 mg are placed in water as a mixture of salts. The results of determining the ion content in the resulting water are presented in the table.

 The ion content is determined in accordance with example 1.

 Example 3

Into distilled water (volume 1 l), 1 ml of a solution of calcium chloride containing 122 mg of CaCl ₂ is introduced. Next, water is passed through 30 ml of highly basic quaternary ammonium styrene-divinylbenzene anion exchanger AB-17-8hs (GOST 20301) in bicarbonate form. Then, 1 ml of a solution containing 47.3 mg of magnesium sulfate, 4.64 mg of potassium sulfate and 8.07 mg of sodium bicarbonate is introduced into water. Then, 0.5 ml of a solution containing 1.21 mg of sodium fluoride and 0.68 mg of silver sulfate is introduced into water. In water, the ion content is determined in accordance with example 1. The results of determining the ion content are presented in the table.

 Example 4

 1 ml of a solution containing 115.3 mg of calcium chloride is introduced into distilled water (1 liter volume), passed through a piping system. Next, water is passed through 40 ml of highly basic anion exchange resin AB-29-12P (GOST 20301) in bicarbonate form. Then, 1 ml of a solution containing 54.5 mg of magnesium sulfate, 5.83 mg of potassium sulfate and 9.25 mg of sodium bicarbonate is introduced into water. Then, 0.5 ml of a solution containing 2.15 mg of sodium fluoride and 0.84 mg of silver sulfate is introduced into water. At the outlet of the piping system, the ion content is determined in accordance with Example 1. The results of determining the ion content are presented in the table.

 The presented examples do not limit the applied ion exchangers, the amount of treated water.

 The sequence of the introduction of salt solutions, salt mixtures and their concentration is due to the fact that in a different sequence and at different concentrations precipitation of poorly soluble substances is possible and, accordingly, a decrease in the content of necessary ions in drinking water.

 Concentrated salt solutions that mineralize water can be prepared immediately prior to administration from powdered salts and salt compositions, or from prepared saline solutions prepared in advance.

 The amount of anion exchange resin used in bicarbonate form is due to the fact that a smaller amount is not enough to produce water of the hydrocarbon class, and a larger amount can increase the pH of the water above acceptable standards (GOST 2874).

 As can be seen from the presented examples and tables, the use of the proposed method for producing drinking water allows us to obtain physiologically complete, disinfected (due to the introduction of silver ions) water of the hydrocarbonate class without complex hardware design, which was almost impossible when using the prototype method.

Claims (4)

 1. The method of obtaining disinfected drinking water from demineralized by contacting with granular material and introducing inorganic substances, characterized in that first, calcium chloride is introduced into the water at a mass ratio of water: calcium chloride of 1: 0.00008 - 0.0002, then treated with anion exchange resin bicarbonate form, followed by the introduction of a mixture of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of water: a mixture of salts 1: 0.00003 - 0.00006: 0.000002 - 0.000022: 0.000004 - 0.000029, respectively, and then enter a mixture of sodium fluoride and sulfate and silver at a mass ratio of water: a mixture of salts of 1: 0.0000012 - 0.0000033: 0.0000008 - 0.0000069, respectively.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the anion exchange resin is introduced in bicarbonate form at a volume ratio of water: anion exchange resin 1: 0.02 - 0.06.  3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the inorganic salts are used in the form of solid compounds or in the form of solutions.  4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inorganic salts are introduced stationary or in a stream of water.

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