RU202727U1 - Rotary unit for tillage implements - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, namely to the rotary units of tillage implements with rotating non-powered working bodies, intended, among other things, for loosening the soil, crushing crop residues, and destroying weeds. In one pass of agricultural implements, the following is achieved: finer crumbling of the soil when preparing the soil for sowing; crumbling of at least 80% of lumps up to 25 mm in size inclusive; pruning 95% of weeds, crushing them and incorporating them into the soil; increasing the maximum depth of tillage (up to 15 mm); reducing the load on the rotor unit, especially when processing fine-stony soils; reduction of energy consumption during the autumn-spring field work. The rotor unit contains a disk fixed on the shaft, on which cutting elements diverging from it and distributed along its edge, bent along a flat arc, are fixed. Each cutting element is secured to the disc at an angle about an axis essentially along the attachment of its end in the disc. An acute angle is formed between the plane of bending of the cutting element and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

Description

The field of technology.

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, namely to the rotary units of tillage implements with rotating non-powered working bodies designed, among other things, for loosening the soil, crushing crop residues, and destroying weeds.

Prior art.

Known rotary hoe for soil cultivation (patent SU1804276, 1993), containing a bearing element with an arm having a sleeve, and at least one working body (rotor assembly), which is installed in the specified sleeve on the axle mounted therein by means of a bearing. The working body is made in the form of a disc with a hub and radially directed teeth, arcuately bent in the direction opposite to the direction of its rotation. The teeth lie essentially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool. The teeth have a triangular cross-section. The sides of the tooth that form the cutting edge intersect at an angle of 3 to 40 degrees. For the right and left position of the hoe, the teeth can have a cross-section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with two cutting edges.

Also known is a rotating hoe (patent EA18641, 2013) containing a supporting structure made with the possibility of hanging on a machine with a motor drive, and at least one working part, which is hinged to the supporting structure and equipped with at least one loosening wheel (rotor unit ), made with the possibility of rotation when interacting with the soil. The loosening wheel is installed with the possibility of turning it around the adjusting axis and adjusting its position so that the plane of rotation of the loosening wheel and the surface of the loosening soil form the first angle in the range of 5-70 °, and the line of intersection of the plane of its rotation with the plane of the soil surface and the direction of translational movement rotating hoe - second angle in the range of 5-80 °. The ripping wheel is equipped with a central hub and vanes bent backward relative to the direction of rotation of the ripping wheel. The blades are located in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the loosening wheel. 2

A cultivator is also known (application EA201991663, 2019), mainly for intra-row cultivation, containing a frame attached to a tractor or towed structure. The frame is equipped with at least one cultivating unit (rotor unit) with a rotary hoe element having an inclined axis of rotation as a cutting tool. On the frame, the hoe wheels of at least two adjacent rotary hoe elements are located along the cultivated row of plants in each row spacing, and in the direction of movement, the hoe wheels have an axis of rotation inclined laterally and backward so that the hoe wheels of adjacent rotary hoe elements are rotatable in opposite directions. Arcuate hoe teeth (knives) are radially fixed to the hoe wheels perpendicular to the axis of rotation of these wheels. The free ends of the hoe tines, interacting with the soil, are bent back in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the wheel. At the free end, the hoe tooth has an increased width compared to the width of the rest of the tooth. At the free end, the tooth has a sharpening.

A common disadvantage of these analogs is the placement of the hoe teeth (paws, cutting elements) radially at right angles to the axis of rotation of the disk of the rotor assembly. This leads to the fact that for high-quality pre-sowing soil cultivation, destruction of weeds and crushing of crop residues, it is necessary to cultivate the soil in 2-3 passes, which in turn requires significant energy costs and the loss of scarce pre-sowing time in the spring, time for harvesting and preparation soil in the fall.

Disclosure of the proposed technical solution.

The rotary unit refers to the parts of the tillage implement, in which the cutting elements in contact with the soil are directly fixed.

The technical problem to be solved by the technical solution is:

- increase in labor productivity during the autumn-spring field work on grinding, crushing the soil, destroying weeds and embedding them in the soil;

- improvement of grinding to reduce the size of fractions and improve the quality and germination of seeds sowing field; 3

- reducing the energy intensity of autumn-spring field work.

The technical result provided by the technical solution is:

- ensuring finer crumbling of the soil when preparing the soil for sowing. This ensures crumbling of soil with lumps up to 25 mm in size inclusive, not less than 80%;

- pruning of 95% of weeds, their crushing and incorporation into the soil;

- increasing the maximum depth of tillage (up to 15 mm);

- reducing the load on the rotor unit, especially when processing fine-stony soils;

- Achievement of a satisfactory result in soil cultivation in one pass of agricultural implements, which ensures a decrease in energy consumption during autumn-spring field work.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the rotor unit of the tillage tool contains a disk fixed on the shaft, on which cutting elements diverging from it and distributed along its edge are fixed, bent along a flat arc. It differs in that each cutting element is fixed to the disc so that:

- the cutting element is inclined about an axis that essentially runs along the attachment of its end in the disc,

- an acute angle is formed between the plane of bending of the cutting element and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

The above essence is a set of essential features of the claimed technical solution, ensuring the achievement of the claimed technical result.

In special cases, it is permissible to carry out the claimed technical solution as follows.

The cutting element desirably comprises first and second arcuate portions. The first arcuate section is made in the profile in the form of an isosceles trapezoid. The second arcuate portion is provided with a blade, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the first arcuate portion, and the width is greater than the width of the first arcuate portion.

The cutting elements preferably comprise straight plate-like sections and are detachably fixed to the disc. The fastening of each cutting element is a segment of a U-shaped profile. This 4

the inclined profile is rigidly fixed to the disc with its open face to form an essentially rectangular hole. A straight section of the cutting element is located in the specified hole. The long sides of said rectangular hole form an acute angle with a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

The author of the claimed technical solution made prototypes of this solution, the tests of which confirmed the achievement of the technical result.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a general view of the rotor assembly, Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the rotor assembly; FIG. 3 is a top view of the rotor assembly; FIG. 4 is a side view of the rotor assembly; FIG. 5 is a side view of the rotor assembly with a cut-out of one cutting element; FIG. 6 is a general view of the cutting element.

Implementation of the technical solution.

The rotor assembly of the tillage tool is a flat disc (1), one side rigidly fixed to the end of the shaft (2) perpendicular to this shaft, mounted along the axis of symmetry of the disc (Figs. 1-5). On the other hand, the disc (1) is provided with attachments (3) of the cutting elements (4), made in the form of U-shaped sections, welded to the disc with an open face to form essentially rectangular holes for installing the cutting elements. The fasteners (3) are welded to the disc (1) with an inclination so that the long sides of the rectangular fastening hole form an acute angle α from 70 to 80 degrees with a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The specified angle is preferably equal to from 76.5 to 77.5 degrees.

All parts of the rotor unit are made of metal.

The cutting element (4) is plate-shaped, bent along an arc lying in a plane (flat arc) (Fig. 6). In this case, the bend is made, in essence, of the thin part of the cutting element. The cutting element is made with a cross-section varying along its length. In this case, the cutting element also has a straight section (9), with which it is inserted into the holder (3). The bending shape of the cutting element (4) is defined by two sections with different radii of curvature. The curved sections are smoothly conjugated to each other, that is, the tangents to these sections coincide at the junction of the sections. In this case, the directions of bending in both sections coincide. The cutting element is made of a material with a Rockwell hardness of 40 to 60 HRC. Cutting element during manufacture 5

subjected to heat treatment: quenching followed by tempering. The cutting element can be made of steels 35X, 40X, 45X, 50G, 60S2, 30MnB5, 55Cr3, 35G2 and other grades of alloyed steels with a similar amount of carbon and other alloying elements.

The straight section (9) of the cutting element (4) is in the form of a strip with rounded side edges. When using the rotor unit, the main load on the straight section of the cutting element is to bend it perpendicular to the wide edge. The selection of the thickness of the straight section for the material of the cutting element with the above properties provides the necessary elasticity of the cutting element. In this case, on the one hand, the cutting element bends in response to deformation by the soil into which this element is immersed during use. This allows to reduce shock loads on other elements of the rotor unit and the tool. On the other hand, the cutting element retains its shape when the bending loads are removed.

The presence of wide edges in the straight section of the cutting element (4) prevents the cutting element from twisting during its use.

At the end of the straight section of the cutting element (4), grooves (5) are made on its lateral faces, intended for fixing the cutting element in the rotor unit. For this, in the area of each fastening (3) in the disk (1), a through threaded hole is made, into which a locking screw (6) with a locknut (7) is screwed. The locking screw (6) enters the slot (5) of the cutting element after it is installed in the mount (3), pressing the cutting element (4) against the inner wall of the mount (3), which ensures the fixation of the cutting element in the rotor assembly.

The first curved section (10) of the cutting element (4) is located in its central part and is made in a trapezoidal profile. Preferably, this section has a uniform shape along the entire length of an isosceles trapezoid. This section provides sufficient thickness and, therefore, structural rigidity of the site while making the ribs sharp enough to perform the function of cutting soil and vegetation.

The second curved section (11) of the cutting element (4) is made with a smooth transition from the first curved section, therefore it has the same section in the region adjacent to the section. The second curved portion has a curvature of a larger radius of curvature than the first portion. The second section is made with a smooth change 6

cross-section so that at the end it is a blade (8) with reduced thickness (flattened) and increased width. The thickness of the second section at the end is from 70% to 30% of its thickness at the interface with the first section. The width of the second section at the end is greater than its width at the junction with the first section by 20% to 60%.

In a preferred embodiment, the cutting element is formed as a single piece. According to another example of the implementation of the cutting element, the blade may not be made integral with the rest of the cutting element, but can be fixed thereon, for example, by welding or riveting. The blade may not be located at the very end of the second curved section, then this section has a tapering continuation towards its end. But the blade is located in the place of the cutting element that first comes into contact with the soil when using the element installed in the tillage implement.

The cutting element (4) is preferably made symmetrical with respect to a plane extending along it, perpendicular to the blade (8) and the wide side of the straight section. This allows the cutting element to be turned over when it is installed in the rotor units with the attachment (3) tilted in different directions. Thus, it is possible to double the service life of the cutting element - if it is worn out on one side, turning the element to the other side (with placement in another rotor unit with an inclination of the mount (3) to the other side) provides the same service life. The bending plane of such a cutting element is understood to mean a plane coinciding with the plane of its symmetry or parallel to this plane and passing through the body of the cutting element.

The rotor unit contains 10 cutting elements (4), evenly distributed along the border of the disc (1). The tilt of the mounts (3) allows the cutting element to be tilted about an axis essentially passing through the mount (3). Such an installation is characterized by the formation of an acute angle (90 ° - α) between the plane of bending of the cutting element and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. Thus, the cutting elements (4) of the rotor assembly form a tapered surface.

Work description.

Before use, the shaft of the rotor unit is fixed in the bearings of its fastening in the tillage implement. In this case, the concavities of the cutting 7

elements should be directed in the direction of the movement of the tool, while the free ends are directed in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor unit.

The rotor assembly is oriented with the axis of rotation at acute angles to the soil surface in a vertical plane parallel to the direction of movement and a vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of movement. In this case, the axis of rotation of the rotor unit is inclined relative to the normal to the soil surface backward and to the right or left with respect to the direction of movement.

The orientation of the rotor assembly in the tool can be performed, for example, as described in EA201991663.

When the implement moves, the cutting element touches the soil with the area of the blade (8). Holding onto the soil, the blade burrows into the soil, crushing clods and weeds (or crop residues). Simultaneously, the disc (1) with the cutting element rotates on the shaft (2) in the bearings of the rotor assembly. Due to the fact that the cutting elements (4) are installed in the mountings (3) with an inclination to the disc (1), then at the same tilt angles of the axis of the rotor unit as in the prototype, the rotor unit provides a greater penetration of the cutting element into the soil at this stage ... Since the tool has design restrictions on setting the maximum value of the angle of the rotor unit, the above allows to increase the depth of tillage with the tool using the declared rotor unit.

Further, the cutting element, moving in the soil, crushes it and cuts off the weed root system. Due to the installation of the cutting elements (4) in the mounts (3) with an inclination at an angle α to the disc (1), the angle at which the cutting element attacks the soil and weeds (angle of attack) is sharper than in the prototype. The movement of the cutting element in the soil at a sharper angle leads to a decrease in the work that must be spent on breaking up soil clods and cutting weeds, that is, to more efficient tillage of the soil. It has been experimentally established that the application of the claimed technical solution ensures crumbling of soil with lumps up to 25 mm in size, inclusive, not less than 80%, pruning 95% of weeds, crushing and embedding them in the soil, reducing the load on the rotor unit, achieving a satisfactory result in soil cultivation for one pass of agricultural implements. 8

Small stones caught in the soil rub against the cutting element and flex it resiliently without damaging the cutting element, made with sufficient hardness and yield strength. The bending of the cutting element allows to damp the uneven load (shock loads) from the soil to the implement, without transferring such a load to the rotor unit and the implement frame.

Industrial applicability.

The claimed technical solution is implemented using commercially available devices and materials, can be manufactured at a machine-building enterprise and will find wide application in the field of agricultural machine-building.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary unit of a tillage tool, containing a disk mounted on a shaft, on which cutting elements diverging from it and distributed along its edge are fixed, bent along a flat arc, each of which is fixed to the disk with an inclination around an axis that essentially extends along the attachment its end in the disk, and the formation of an acute angle between the plane of bending of the cutting element and the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, characterized in that the cutting element contains the first and second arcuate sections, while the first arcuate section is made in a profile in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and the second the arcuate portion is provided with a blade, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the first arcuate portion, and the width is greater than the width of the first arcuate portion. 2. The rotor assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting elements contain rectilinear plate-like sections and are detachably fixed to the disk, while the attachment of each cutting element is a U-shaped section with an inclination rigidly fixed to the disk with an open face to form a the essence of a rectangular hole in which a straight section of the cutting element is located, while the long sides of this rectangular hole form an acute angle with a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

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