RU2018141232A - Система для предварительной обработки фосфатом цинка, не содержащим никеля - Google Patents
Система для предварительной обработки фосфатом цинка, не содержащим никеля Download PDFInfo
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- RU2018141232A RU2018141232A RU2018141232A RU2018141232A RU2018141232A RU 2018141232 A RU2018141232 A RU 2018141232A RU 2018141232 A RU2018141232 A RU 2018141232A RU 2018141232 A RU2018141232 A RU 2018141232A RU 2018141232 A RU2018141232 A RU 2018141232A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/68—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Claims (27)
1. Система для предварительной обработки подложки, включающая:
a) активирующую промывающую жидкость для обработки, по меньшей мере, части подложки, которая содержит дисперсию частиц фосфата металла, имеющих D90 размер частиц не больше, чем 10 мкм, причем фосфат металла содержит двухвалентные или трехвалентные металлы или их комбинации; и
b) композицию предварительной обработки для обработки, по меньшей мере, части подложки, обработанной активирующей промывающей жидкостью, содержащую ионы цинка и фосфат-ионы, где композиция предварительной обработки практически не содержит никеля.
2. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой активирующая промывающая жидкость дополнительно содержит соль сульфата металла, где сульфат соли сульфата металла присутствует в количестве от 5 ч/млн до 5000 ч/млн в расчете на суммарную массу активирующей промывающей жидкости.
3. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой D90 размер частиц измеряют в образце активирующей промывающей жидкости, которая была обработана ультразвуком.
4. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой частицы фосфата металла имеют D90 размер частиц не больше, чем 1 мкм.
5. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 4, в которой D90 размер частиц измеряют в образце активирующей промывающей жидкости, которая была обработана ультразвуком.
6. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой частицы фосфата металла имеют D90 размер частиц от 50 нм до 500 нм.
7. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой двухвалентные или трехвалентные металлы фосфата металла в активирующей промывающей жидкости содержат цинк, железо или их комбинацию.
8. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой композиция предварительной обработки используется в ванне предварительной обработки, имеющей температуру от 20°C до 60°C.
9. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой металл соли сульфата металла содержит никель, медь, цинк, железо, магний, кобальт, алюминий или их комбинации.
10. Система для предварительной обработки по п. 1, в которой металл соли сульфата металла содержит никель, кобальт или их комбинации.
11. Подложка, обработанная системой для предварительной обработки по п. 1.
12. Подложка по п. 11, где фосфатное покрытие, образованное из композиции предварительной обработки, содержит металл/цинк фосфатные кристаллы, имеющие средний размер кристаллов от 0,4 мкм до 2 мкм, измеренный с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа при 10000x увеличении.
13. Подложка по п. 11, в которой фосфатное покрытие, образованное из композиции предварительной обработки, содержит кристаллы металла/цинка, имеющие средний размер кристаллов от 0,7 мкм до 1,5 мкм, измеренный с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа при 10000x увеличении.
14. Подложка по п. 11, в которой фосфатное покрытие имеет массу от 0,5 до 4 г/м2, измеренную методом удаления покрытия с повторным взвешиванием.
15. Подложка по п. 11, в которой фосфатное покрытие имеет массу 4,4 г/м2 или меньше и величину открытой адгезии 6 или больше.
16. Подложка по п. 11, в которой D90 размер частиц измеряют в образце активирующей промывающей жидкости, которая была обработана ультразвуком.
17. Подложка по п. 11, дополнительно содержащая слой электроосаждения.
18. Способ обработки подложки, включающий:
a) введение в контакт, по меньшей мере, части поверхности подложки с активирующей промывающей жидкостью, которая содержит дисперсию частиц фосфата металла, имеющих D90 размер частиц не больше, чем 10 мкм, где фосфат металла содержит двухвалентные или трехвалентные металлы или их комбинации; и
b) введение в контакт, по меньшей мере, части поверхности, которая проконтактировала с активирующей промывающей жидкостью, с композицией предварительной обработки, содержащей ионы цинка и фосфат-ионы, причем композиция предварительной обработки практически не содержит никеля.
19. Способ по п. 18, в котором (b) введение в контакт включает погружение подложки в ванну, содержащую композицию предварительной обработки, причем температура ванны составляет от 20°C до 60°C.
20. Способ по п. 18, в котором металл соли сульфата металла содержит никель, медь, цинк, железо, магний, кобальт, алюминий или их комбинации.
21. Способ по п. 18, в котором металл соль сульфата металла содержит никель, кобальт или их комбинации.
22. Способ по п. 18, в котором активирующая промывающая жидкость дополнительно содержит соль - сульфат металла.
23. Способ по п. 18, в котором D90 размер частиц измерен в образце активирующей промывающей жидкости, которая была обработана ультразвуком.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/137,014 | 2016-04-25 | ||
| US15/137,014 US20170306497A1 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | System for nickel-free zinc phosphate pretreatment |
| PCT/US2017/029487 WO2017189627A1 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | System for nickel-free zinc phosphate pretreatment |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| RU2018141232A true RU2018141232A (ru) | 2020-05-26 |
| RU2018141232A3 RU2018141232A3 (ru) | 2020-05-26 |
| RU2728341C2 RU2728341C2 (ru) | 2020-07-29 |
Family
ID=58672761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2018141232A RU2728341C2 (ru) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Система для предварительной обработки фосфатом цинка, не содержащим никеля |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170306497A1 (ru) |
| EP (2) | EP4353867A3 (ru) |
| KR (2) | KR20210114550A (ru) |
| CN (1) | CN109072443B (ru) |
| AU (1) | AU2017257846A1 (ru) |
| BR (1) | BR112018071921A2 (ru) |
| CA (1) | CA3021999A1 (ru) |
| ES (1) | ES2972322T3 (ru) |
| MX (1) | MX2018012976A (ru) |
| RU (1) | RU2728341C2 (ru) |
| SG (1) | SG11201808794QA (ru) |
| WO (1) | WO2017189627A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3828307A1 (de) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-02 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Ressourcenschonendes verfahren zur aktivierung einer metalloberfläche vor einer phosphatierung |
| EP4299682A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-03 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Water-based coating composition for heat resistant protective coatings |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3984922A (en) | 1944-10-10 | 1976-10-12 | Leo Rosen | Rotors |
| DE1546840C3 (de) | 1965-02-27 | 1975-05-22 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Überzügen |
| US3975346A (en) | 1968-10-31 | 1976-08-17 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Boron-containing, quaternary ammonium salt-containing resin compositions |
| US4001101A (en) | 1969-07-10 | 1977-01-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrodeposition of epoxy compositions |
| US3663389A (en) | 1970-04-17 | 1972-05-16 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of electrodepositing novel coating |
| US3984299A (en) | 1970-06-19 | 1976-10-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process for electrodepositing cationic compositions |
| US3962165A (en) | 1971-06-29 | 1976-06-08 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Quaternary ammonium salt-containing resin compositions |
| US3947338A (en) | 1971-10-28 | 1976-03-30 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of electrodepositing self-crosslinking cationic compositions |
| US3947339A (en) | 1971-12-01 | 1976-03-30 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of electrodepositing primary amine group-containing cationic resins |
| US3749657A (en) | 1972-01-04 | 1973-07-31 | Ppg Industries Inc | Treatment of electrodeposition rinse water |
| US3793278A (en) | 1972-03-10 | 1974-02-19 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method of preparing sulfonium group containing compositions |
| US3928157A (en) | 1972-05-15 | 1975-12-23 | Shinto Paint Co Ltd | Cathodic treatment of chromium-plated surfaces |
| DE2707405C3 (de) | 1976-07-19 | 1987-12-03 | Vianova Kunstharz Ag, Werndorf | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bindemitteln für die Elektrotauchlackierung |
| BE857754A (fr) | 1976-08-18 | 1978-02-13 | Celanese Polymer Special Co | Composition de resine pour revetements, notamment par electrodeposition cathodique |
| DE2711425A1 (de) | 1977-03-16 | 1978-09-21 | Basf Ag | Lackbindemittel fuer die kathodische elektrotauchlackierung |
| US4134866A (en) | 1977-06-03 | 1979-01-16 | Kansai Paint Company, Limited | Aqueous cationic coating from amine-epoxy adduct, polyamide, and semi-blocked polyisocyanate, acid salt |
| ES486439A1 (es) | 1978-12-11 | 1980-06-16 | Shell Int Research | Un procedimiento para la preparacion de un revestimiento in-soluble e infusible sobre una superficie |
| US5588989A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-12-31 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Zinc phosphate coating compositions containing oxime accelerators |
| JP3451337B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-21 | 2003-09-29 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属のりん酸塩被膜化成処理前の表面調整用処理液及び表面調整方法 |
| JP3545974B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-16 | 2004-07-21 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属材料のりん酸塩化成処理方法 |
| US6797387B2 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2004-09-28 | Ppg Industries Ohio Inc. | Modified aminoplast crosslinkers and powder coating compositions containing such crosslinkers |
| US6875800B2 (en) | 2001-06-18 | 2005-04-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Use of nanoparticulate organic pigments in paints and coatings |
| US6894086B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2005-05-17 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Color effect compositions |
| US7091286B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2006-08-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Low-cure powder coatings and methods for using the same |
| US7438972B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2008-10-21 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Nanoparticle coatings for flexible and/or drawable substrates |
| ZA200802441B (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2009-10-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Surface-conditioning composition, method for production thereof, and surface conditioning method |
| EP1930474B1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2015-09-16 | Chemetall GmbH | Surface-conditioning composition, method for production thereof, and surface conditioning method |
| WO2007021025A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | 表面調整用組成物及び表面調整方法 |
| US20100031851A1 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2010-02-11 | Toshio Inbe | Surface conditioning composition, method for producing the same, and surface conditioning method |
-
2016
- 2016-04-25 US US15/137,014 patent/US20170306497A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2017
- 2017-04-25 WO PCT/US2017/029487 patent/WO2017189627A1/en unknown
- 2017-04-25 CN CN201780025671.5A patent/CN109072443B/zh active Active
- 2017-04-25 EP EP24153582.2A patent/EP4353867A3/en active Pending
- 2017-04-25 EP EP17722292.4A patent/EP3449035B1/en active Active
- 2017-04-25 BR BR112018071921A patent/BR112018071921A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-25 SG SG11201808794QA patent/SG11201808794QA/en unknown
- 2017-04-25 KR KR1020217028599A patent/KR20210114550A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-25 MX MX2018012976A patent/MX2018012976A/es unknown
- 2017-04-25 AU AU2017257846A patent/AU2017257846A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-04-25 ES ES17722292T patent/ES2972322T3/es active Active
- 2017-04-25 KR KR1020187033806A patent/KR20190002546A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-25 RU RU2018141232A patent/RU2728341C2/ru active
- 2017-04-25 CA CA3021999A patent/CA3021999A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20190002546A (ko) | 2019-01-08 |
| RU2728341C2 (ru) | 2020-07-29 |
| BR112018071921A2 (pt) | 2019-02-05 |
| KR20210114550A (ko) | 2021-09-23 |
| EP4353867A3 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
| ES2972322T3 (es) | 2024-06-12 |
| MX2018012976A (es) | 2019-01-17 |
| EP4353867A2 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
| CN109072443B (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
| AU2017257846A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
| EP3449035A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
| EP3449035B1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
| US20170306497A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
| WO2017189627A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
| RU2018141232A3 (ru) | 2020-05-26 |
| CN109072443A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| SG11201808794QA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
| CA3021999A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
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