RU2017992C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: engine has cylinder 1 with inlet ports 2, piston 3 received in cylinder 1, top cover 4 of cylinder whereon inlet valves 6 are mounted, and unit 5 for fuel supply. In addition the engine has bottom cover 9 of cylinder 1 provided with flexible damper 14 and guides 13 wherein slide valve 7 is movably mounted. The valve is pivotally connected with connecting rod 8 and engages with piston 3. Piston 3 has concentric opening provided in bottom which is a seat of plate 11 of slide-valve 7. The piston is provided with at least two stops 10 on its skirt which engage with plate 11 of valve 7 and damper 14. The valve is also provided with two ports 12 for flowing exhaust gases at exhaust and blowing stroke in cylinder 1. A rod of the slide valve is provided with unit 15 for controlling its length for correcting compression ratio of charge when quality of fuel used is changed. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building and can be used to create internal combustion engines using various types of fuel, and can find application in stationary and moving power plants.

 Known internal combustion engines, the designs of which include cylinders with pistons connected to a crank mechanism, valves with a gas distribution mechanism (1).

 Engines of this design typically use one specific type of fuel. In addition, the practice of operating such engines shows that uneven wear in the mutually perpendicular directions of the cylinder-piston pair, the so-called ellipse, reduces the life of such engines and their durability.

 A known internal combustion engine, selected as a prototype, containing at least one cylinder with exhaust windows, a piston and a cylinder cover with a fuel supply device and intake valves installed in it, is located in the cylinder (2).

 The well-known engine operates as follows. When the piston is at bottom dead center, the cylinder is filled with a fresh charge. When the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, it blocks the inlet windows and a compression process occurs. When the piston is in top dead center, after the fuel is supplied, the gases begin to expand and act on the piston bottom. The piston makes a working stroke. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, additional exhaust valves open sequentially, then the main exhaust and finally the inlet windows of the cylinder. The exhaust gases are sequentially released from the combustion chamber, then from the cylinder cavity and at the end of the piston stroke, the cylinder is purged and a new portion of the charge is filled. The next time the piston moves to top dead center, the engine cycle is repeated.

 A disadvantage of the known design of the internal combustion engine is the insufficient cooling of the elements of the piston group of the engine and the poor quality of the purge of the cylinder cavity. The engine is also not adapted to various types of fuel, that is, its fuel flexibility is limited. The known design also has the disadvantage that when the engine is running, the friction cylinder-piston pair wears in a specific way (in the form of an ellipse), which violates the compression capabilities of the engine and reduces its working life. The engine must be repaired to restore its efficiency.

 The internal combustion engine is equipped with at least one slider-valve, interacting with the piston and pivotally connected to the connecting rod, and a cover that covers the cylinder from below, with installed elastic damper for the piston and guides for the slider-valve, and the piston is made with a concentric hole in the center of the bottom which is a saddle for a slider-valve with an opening area smaller than the remaining piston surface and having at least two stops on the skirt interacting with the valve-slide plate and at least two windows for exhaust gas, as well as the fact that the slider valve is equipped with a device for regulating the length of its stem.

 In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an engine; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of engine elements at bottom dead center of a piston movement cycle; in FIG. 3 - top dead center of the piston; in FIG. 4 - piston stroke; in FIG. 5 is a diagram of engine elements at the time of exhaust exhaust, purging the cylinder cavity and filling with a new charge.

 The engine comprises a cylinder 1 with exhaust ports 2, a piston 3 placed in the cylinder and a cylinder cover 4 with a fuel supply device 5 and intake valves 6 installed therein, a slider valve 7 interacting with the piston 3 and pivotally connected to the connecting rod 8, a cover 9 closing the cylinder 1 from the bottom, and the piston 3 has a concentric hole in the center of the bottom, which is a saddle for the slide valve 7, and also has two stops 10 on the skirt, interacting with the plate 11 of the slide valve 7, and at least two windows 12 for exhaust gas passage apravlyayuschie 13 for slide-valve, mounted in the bottom cover 9, the elastic damper 14, which interacts with the piston 3 and a device 15 for adjusting the length of the slide-valve rod 7.

 The proposed internal combustion engine using liquid fuel as an energy carrier is made, for example, by placing a piston in which a concentric hole is made in the bottom, the area of which is smaller than the remaining working area of the bottom, and at least two windows for the passage of gases and two stops with which the slider-valve interacts on the piston skirt are made. From below, the cylinder is closed by a cover, in the guides of which there is a slider valve. The slider valve is pivotally connected to the connecting rod and crank mechanism of the engine and is oriented so that its plate interacts with the protrusions of the piston skirt and coincides with the concentric bore of the piston. The concentric bore of the piston is the seat for the slide valve plate. At the bottom of the cylinder, exhaust ports are made. An elastic damper is installed on the bottom cover, interacting with the protrusions of the piston skirt. The slider valve is equipped with a device for regulating the length of the stem.

 The engine operates as follows.

 When the piston 3 is in the bottom dead center (Fig. 2), the cylinder 1 is filled with a fresh charge. At the beginning of the movement of the slide valve 7 upwards, the concentric hole in the piston 3 closes with the plate 14, and the piston begins to move upward. At the same time, the intake valves 6 on the cover 4 are closed. When the piston moves upward, a compression process occurs. When the piston 3 is in the top dead center (Fig. 3), fuel is supplied by the device 5. The gases begin to expand and act on the piston bottom. The piston 3 makes a working stroke (Fig. 4). When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, the stops 10 located on the piston skirt abut against the damper 14 mounted on the bottom cover 9 of the cylinder 3. The piston slows down and stops at the bottom dead center (Fig. 5). As soon as the piston touches the damper 14, a concentric hole opens in the piston bottom. The slider valve 7 lowers to its lower point and is located between the piston seat and the stops on the skirt, without touching the stops with the plate (Fig. 5).

 In the opening opening, the exhaust gases from the cylinder through the exhaust ports 2 and 12 are removed into the atmosphere. Simultaneously with the beginning of the exit of exhaust gases from the cylinder cavity, the intake valves 6 open and a fresh charge enters the cylinder cavity, cooling it and contributing to a more complete removal of exhaust gases. After removing the exhaust gases and filling the cylinder cavity with a new charge, the slider-valve 7 begins to move upward from the bottom dead center. With valve 11, valve 7 closes the hole in the piston 3. At the same time, the intake valves 6. Close with the slide valve 7, the piston 3 begins to move from the bottom dead center to the top. In cylinder 1, the compression process begins. The engine cycle is repeated.

 The stem of the slide valve 7 is equipped with a device 15, which allows you to adjust its length. By changing the length of the valve stem, the position of the piston at the top dead center is selected, changing the compression chamber in accordance with the indicators of the fuel used.

 When the engine is started in the initial period when the piston (slider-valve) is in the cylinder in an arbitrary position, it returns to the bottom dead center with the valve plate 11, which rests with its back against the piston stops 10. The valve disc interacts with the stops only when the engine starts. The slider valve moves in the guides 13 installed in the bottom cover 9 of the engine. When the engine is running, the piston experiences only axial loads, which contributes to the uniform development of the cylinder mirror and the sealing devices of the piston itself, which increases its operability (durability) and simplifies restoration repair. The scheme of purging the cylinder cavity and filling it with a new charge, proposed by the authors, provides better (favorable) conditions for fuel in the combustion chamber, which improves the technical and economic performance of the engine.

 Compared with the prototype, the proposed internal combustion engine provides the following advantages: the possibility of using various types of liquid fuel, better purging and filling the cylinder with a working mixture, reducing fuel consumption, more uniform and better cooling of the engine (cylinder), uniform wear of the friction surfaces of the cylinder-piston pair . All these advantages allow you to tentatively increase the durability of the engine by 8-10% and reduce its operating costs by 3-5%.

Claims (2)

 1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, comprising at least one cylinder with inlet and outlet windows, a piston located in the cylinder, a cover located on the upper end of the cylinder with a fuel supply device installed therein, and a connecting rod, characterized in that it is provided with at least at least one slide valve with a seat, a plate and a rod mounted in the piston and pivotally connected to the connecting rod, an additional cover located on the lower end of the cylinder, an elastic damper mounted on the additional cover and interact with a piston skirt and rod guides fixed in an additional cover, a central hole is made in the piston bottom, in which a valve-valve seat is located, at least two stops interacting with a valve-valve plate in the piston skirt, and two output windows for exhaust gases, and the Central hole is made with the area of the passage section smaller than the remaining surface area of the piston bottom.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve-slider is equipped with a device for regulating the length of the rod.

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