RU2014154C1 - Hydrocyclone module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purifying and separating fuel. SUBSTANCE: through inlet opening 2 opposite flow divider 4 in shell 1 initial working fluid is fed under pressure into annular intermediate spaces 7. Then the fluid is passed via tangential inlet ducts 8 disposed in two levels in cylindrical members 5 and enters the inner spaces of cylinder-conical bodies 6 to be set in rotation. The heavier particles held in the fluid are centrifuged out to the inner partitions of bodies 6 and discharged through pipes 10. In bodies 6 the rotating flows act on impeller 14 so that cylindrical pipes 12 are put into motion in bearings 16 and receive the purified flows which are withdrawn via drain 11 and discharge opening 3. Pipes 12 are provided with helical members which enable guiding directed concentrates flows introduced into bodies 6 through discharge openings 13. EFFECT: better quality of separating. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to centrifugal devices for carrying out physical and chemical processes, and in particular to devices for cleaning and separating fuels, oils, hydraulic fluids, and can find wide application in engineering and other industries.

 Known battery hydrocyclone containing a distribution chamber with a single separating elements having inlet nozzles and branch pipes for the removal of condensed fraction, a drain chamber, an inlet pipe and pipes for the removal of the clarified fraction of single separation elements (ed. St. USSR N 1212594, class B 04 C 5 / 26, 1986).

 A disadvantage of the known battery hydrocyclone is the loss of pressure due to the large length of the distribution channels and the presence of local resistances.

 Also known is a binary hydrocyclone containing two paired cylindrical-conical bodies with a common inlet pipe, with sand and drain pipes, a drain chamber and an arcuate tube, the ends of which are concentrically mounted inside the drain pipes (ed. St. USSR N 814471, class B 04 C 5 / 02, 1981).

 A disadvantage of the known binary hydrocyclone is its low productivity due to the presence of additional resistances in the drain pipes.

 Closest to the invention is a binary hydrocyclone comprising two conjugated cylindrical-conical bodies, an inlet pipe located in the zone of conjugation of the bodies, a divider mounted on the opposite side of the inlet pipe, drain and sand pipes, a drain chamber with a pipe for draining clarified liquid, a screw-shaped insert adjacent to the inner surface of the inlet pipe (ed. St. USSR N 822909, class B 04 C 5/02, 1981).

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the low separation efficiency due to incomplete separation of the finely dispersed phase.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the separation efficiency due to a more complete separation of fine particles and reduce friction losses.

 The goal is achieved in that the hydrocyclone module comprising two cylindrical conical bodies with tangential inlet channels, drain and slurry nozzles and a flow divider, according to the invention, is equipped with a casing with inlet and outlet openings, in which a flow divider and cylindrical parts of cylindrical conical housings are placed, forming annular intermediate cavities , cylindrical tubes with unloading windows in the upper part, impellers and screw guides on the inner surface, installed with but outside the discharge nozzles rotatably around them, wherein the drain pipes are designed as truncated cones of a porous material, a tangential inlet channels are arranged in multiple levels uniformly on each.

 The set of distinctive features from the prototype signs confirms the novelty of the claimed technical solution.

 The presence of an intermediate annular cavity and tangential inlet channels, located evenly in two levels of cylindrical parts, in the hydrocyclone module allows to reduce the layer of rotating fluid and create uniform rotating flows that drive the cylindrical tubes, which reduces the friction forces of the liquid on the surface of the cylindrical tubes and increases the absolute speed rotation of flows.

 Thanks to the screw guides on the inner surfaces of the cylindrical tubes, finely dispersed particles separated in the field of centrifugal forces form coarse fractions, which, having entered the inner cavity of the cylindrical-conical bodies through the discharge windows, are more susceptible to the action of centrifugal forces arising there. Thus, all the distinguishing features in the relationship can improve the separation efficiency. No technical solutions containing signs with the achievement of a similar positive effect were found. Therefore, these signs satisfy the criterion of "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a hydrocyclone module, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 1.

 The hydrocyclone module includes a casing 1 with inlet 2, drain 3 holes and a flow divider 4 mounted on the side opposite to the inlet. In the casing, there are cylindrical parts 5 of the cylindrical-conical bodies 6, forming between the inner wall of the casing and the outer walls of the cylindrical parts 5, annular intermediate cavities 7. In the cylindrical parts there are tangential inlet channels 8 located at two levels evenly on each, and in the conical parts 9 sludge pipes 10. Inside the cylinder-conical bodies 6 there are drain pipes 11 made in the form of truncated cones of porous material, the cylindrical concentric mounted on the outside of which tubes 12 with discharge windows 13 in the upper parts, impellers 14 on the outer surfaces and screw guides 15 on the inner surfaces. Cylindrical tubes 12 are mounted in bearings 16, allowing them to rotate about their axis.

 The hydrocyclone module operates as follows.

 The initial working medium under pressure enters through the inlet 2 into the annular intermediate cavities 7. Through the tangential inlet channels 8 located evenly in the two levels of the cylindrical parts 5, the fluid enters the internal cavities of the cylindrical housing 6 and acquires a rotational movement. Due to the annular intermediate cavities 7 and the tangential inlet channels 8, evenly spaced at two levels, rotating flows are created that are symmetrical about the axes of the cylinder-conical bodies, while the thickness of the rotating fluid layer is largely determined by the diameter of the tangential inlet channels 8. Since the layer thickness determines the path and, consequently, the time of deposition of particles in the field of centrifugal forces, the uniform introduction of fluid at several levels helps to reduce the layer of rotating fluid increases the efficiency of the separation of the working environment.

 The fluid flows rotating in the cylindrical conical bodies 6 act on the impellers 14 and drive the cylindrical tubes 12, decreasing the flow velocities relative to their surfaces, as a result of which the friction forces of the fluid on the surface of the cylindrical tubes 12 decrease and the absolute flow velocities increase, which leads to an increase in centrifugal forces, acting on the liquid, and therefore, increases the efficiency of its separation.

 Under the action of centrifugal forces, heavier particles are thrown to the inner walls of the cylindrical-conical bodies 6 and are discharged with a part of the liquid through the slurry pipes 10. The clarified streams containing fine particles enter the rotating cylindrical tubes 12, where they are exposed to centrifugal forces. Due to the fact that the inner diameter of the cylindrical tubes is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical conical bodies 6, and also due to the fact that the cylindrical tubes rotate around their axis, the centrifugal forces arising in them significantly exceed the centrifugal forces in the cylindrical conical bodies 6 and are able to separate part of the fine particles which, due to the screw guides 15, form directed condensed flows entering through the discharge windows 13 into the cylinder-conical bodies 6, where they undergo the most ffektivnomu to centrifugal forces due to the enlargement of the factions.

 The central parts of the clarified flows are discharged through the drain pipes 11 and the drain hole 3. Particles that have not been subjected to centrifugal forces in the cylindrical tubes 12 are retained by the perforated side surfaces of the drain pipes 11 and are washed off with the upward fluid flows through the discharge windows 13 into the internal cavities of the cylindrical-conical bodies 6 where they are again exposed to centrifugal forces.

 Thus, all the hallmarks are aimed at achieving the goal and together allow you to get a hydrocyclone module with greater separation efficiency compared to the prototype.

Claims (1)

 A HYDROCYCLON MODULE, comprising two cylindrical conical bodies with tangential inlet channels, drain and slurry nozzles and a flow divider, characterized in that it is equipped with a casing with inlet and drain openings, in which a flow divider and cylindrical parts of cylindrical housing are placed, forming annular intermediate cavities, cylindrical tubes with unloading windows in the upper part, impellers and screw guides on the inner surfaces, cylindrical tubes installed at the end thrice outside the drain pipes, with the possibility of rotation around its axis, and the drain pipes are made in the form of truncated cones of porous material, while in the cylinder-conical housing inlet channels are located at several levels.

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