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RU2012148119A - METHOD FOR HYDROCONVERSION OF OIL FRACTIONS BY SLURRY-TECHNOLOGY, PROVIDING EXTRACTION OF METALS OF THE CATALYST AND RAW MATERIALS INCLUDING THE STAGE OF EXTRACTION - Google Patents

METHOD FOR HYDROCONVERSION OF OIL FRACTIONS BY SLURRY-TECHNOLOGY, PROVIDING EXTRACTION OF METALS OF THE CATALYST AND RAW MATERIALS INCLUDING THE STAGE OF EXTRACTION Download PDF

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RU2012148119A
RU2012148119A RU2012148119/04A RU2012148119A RU2012148119A RU 2012148119 A RU2012148119 A RU 2012148119A RU 2012148119/04 A RU2012148119/04 A RU 2012148119/04A RU 2012148119 A RU2012148119 A RU 2012148119A RU 2012148119 A RU2012148119 A RU 2012148119A
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liquid
stage
fraction
temperature
hydroconversion
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RU2569849C2 (en
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Жан-Филипп ЭРО
Фредерик МОРЕЛЬ
Ален КИНЬЯР
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Ифп Энержи Нувелль
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
    • C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
    • C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/10—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 with moving solid particles
    • C10G49/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
    • C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
    • C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
    • C10G67/0454—Solvent desasphalting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/009—General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1074—Vacuum distillates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/201—Impurities
    • C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/201—Impurities
    • C10G2300/205—Metal content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/201—Impurities
    • C10G2300/205—Metal content
    • C10G2300/206—Asphaltenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/301—Boiling range
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/44—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
    • C10G2300/701—Use of spent catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ гидроконверсии тяжелых нефтяных фракций, содержащих металлы, включающий:a) стадию гидроконверсии сырья по меньшей мере в одном реакторе, содержащем суспендированный катализатор, содержащий по меньшей мере один металл и необязательно твердую добавку,b) стадию разделения продуктов гидроконверсии без уменьшения давления, с получением фракции, называемой легкой, содержащей соединения, кипящие при температуре не выше 500°C, и остаточной фракции,b') необязательно стадию фракционирования, включающую отделение в вакууме указанной остаточной фракции, полученной на стадии b), с получением остатка вакуумной перегонки с высоким содержанием металлов,c) стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость указанной остаточной фракции, полученной на стадии b), и/или указанного остатка вакуумной перегонки, полученного на стадии b'), при температуре в интервале от 50 до 350°C ароматическим и/или нафтено-ароматическим, и/или полярным растворителем, с получением экстракта с высоким содержанием металлов и рафината,d) стадию сжигания указанного экстракта при температуре в интервале от 200 до 700°C, с получением шлаков с высоким содержанием металлов,e) стадию экстракции металлов из шлаков, полученных на стадии сжигания,f) стадию получения раствора или растворов металла или металлов, содержащих по меньшей мере металл катализатора, которые рециркулируют в качестве катализатора на стадию гидроконверсии.2. Способ по п.1, в котором стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость осуществляют при температуре в интервале от 150° до 350°C.3. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость осуществляют при отношении растворител1. A method for hydroconversion of heavy petroleum fractions containing metals, comprising: a) a stage of hydroconversion of feedstock in at least one reactor containing a suspended catalyst containing at least one metal and optionally a solid additive, b) a stage of separation of hydroconversion products without pressure reduction, to obtain a fraction called light, containing compounds boiling at a temperature not exceeding 500 ° C and a residual fraction, b ') optionally a fractionation step comprising vacuum separation of said residual fraction obtained in step b) to obtain a vacuum distillation residue with high metal content, c) a liquid / liquid extraction step of said residual fraction obtained in step b) and / or said vacuum residue obtained in step b ') at a temperature in the range from 50 to 350 ° C aromatic and / or naphthene-aromatic and / or polar solvent, to obtain an extract with a high content of metals and raffin ta, d) a step of burning said extract at a temperature in the range from 200 to 700 ° C, to obtain slags with a high metal content, e) a step of extracting metals from slags obtained in the incineration step, f) a step of obtaining a solution or solutions of metal or metals containing at least a metal catalyst, which are recycled as catalyst to the hydroconversion stage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid / liquid extraction step is carried out at a temperature in the range of 150 ° to 350 ° C. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid / liquid extraction step is carried out at a solvent ratio

Claims (14)

1. Способ гидроконверсии тяжелых нефтяных фракций, содержащих металлы, включающий:1. The method of hydroconversion of heavy oil fractions containing metals, including: a) стадию гидроконверсии сырья по меньшей мере в одном реакторе, содержащем суспендированный катализатор, содержащий по меньшей мере один металл и необязательно твердую добавку,a) a step for hydroconversion of the feed in at least one reactor containing a suspended catalyst containing at least one metal and optionally a solid additive, b) стадию разделения продуктов гидроконверсии без уменьшения давления, с получением фракции, называемой легкой, содержащей соединения, кипящие при температуре не выше 500°C, и остаточной фракции,b) a step for separating the hydroconversion products without reducing the pressure, to obtain a fraction called light, containing compounds boiling at a temperature not exceeding 500 ° C, and a residual fraction, b') необязательно стадию фракционирования, включающую отделение в вакууме указанной остаточной фракции, полученной на стадии b), с получением остатка вакуумной перегонки с высоким содержанием металлов,b ') optionally a fractionation step comprising vacuum separating said residual fraction obtained in step b) to obtain a high metal content vacuum distillation residue, c) стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость указанной остаточной фракции, полученной на стадии b), и/или указанного остатка вакуумной перегонки, полученного на стадии b'), при температуре в интервале от 50 до 350°C ароматическим и/или нафтено-ароматическим, и/или полярным растворителем, с получением экстракта с высоким содержанием металлов и рафината,c) a liquid / liquid extraction step of the indicated residual fraction obtained in step b) and / or the indicated vacuum distillation residue obtained in step b ′), at a temperature in the range of 50 to 350 ° C. aromatic and / or naphthenic-aromatic, and / or a polar solvent, to obtain an extract with a high content of metals and raffinate, d) стадию сжигания указанного экстракта при температуре в интервале от 200 до 700°C, с получением шлаков с высоким содержанием металлов,d) a step of burning said extract at a temperature in the range of 200 to 700 ° C. to obtain high metal content slags, e) стадию экстракции металлов из шлаков, полученных на стадии сжигания,e) a step for extracting metals from slags obtained in the burning step, f) стадию получения раствора или растворов металла или металлов, содержащих по меньшей мере металл катализатора, которые рециркулируют в качестве катализатора на стадию гидроконверсии.f) a step for producing a solution or solutions of a metal or metals containing at least a catalyst metal that are recycled as a catalyst to a hydroconversion step. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость осуществляют при температуре в интервале от 150° до 350°C.2. The method according to claim 1, in which the stage of extraction of the liquid / liquid is carried out at a temperature in the range from 150 ° to 350 ° C. 3. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость осуществляют при отношении растворитель/сырье от 0,5/1 до 20/1, предпочтительно от 1/1 до 5/1.3. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the stage of extraction of the liquid / liquid is carried out at a ratio of solvent / raw material from 0.5 / 1 to 20/1, preferably from 1/1 to 5/1. 4. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором рафинат, полученный на стадии экстракции жидкость/жидкость, подвергают второй стадии экстракции жидкость/жидкость парафиновым растворителем при температуре от 50 до 300°C.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the raffinate obtained in the liquid / liquid extraction step is subjected to a second liquid / liquid extraction step with a paraffin solvent at a temperature of from 50 to 300 ° C. 5. Способ по предшествующему пункту, в котором вторую стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость осуществляют при отношении растворитель/сырье от 1/1 до 10/1, предпочтительно от 2/1 до 7/1, и при температуре в интервале от 50 до 300°C, предпочтительно, от 120 до 250°C.5. The method according to the preceding paragraph, in which the second stage of extraction of the liquid / liquid is carried out at a ratio of solvent / raw material from 1/1 to 10/1, preferably from 2/1 to 7/1, and at a temperature in the range from 50 to 300 ° C, preferably from 120 to 250 ° C. 6. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором указанную фракцию, называемую легкой, полученную на стадии разделения без уменьшения давления, подвергают по меньшей мере одной стадии гидроочистки и/или гидрокрекинга.6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the specified fraction, called light, obtained at the stage of separation without reducing pressure, is subjected to at least one stage of hydrotreating and / or hydrocracking. 7. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором указанную остаточную фракцию, полученную на стадии разделения без уменьшения давления, подвергают вакуумной перегонке, с получением по меньшей мере одной фракции вакуумного дистиллята и одной фракции остатка вакуумной перегонки, причем по меньшей мере часть, предпочтительно, вся указанная фракция остатка вакуумной перегонки поступает на стадию экстракции жидкость/жидкость, и по меньшей мере часть, предпочтительно, вся указанная фракция вакуумного дистиллята поступает по меньшей мере на одну стадию гидроочистки и/или гидрокрекинга.7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said residual fraction obtained in the separation step without pressure reduction is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain at least one fraction of a vacuum distillate and one fraction of a vacuum distillation residue, at least a portion preferably, all of the indicated fraction of the vacuum distillation residue enters the liquid / liquid extraction step, and at least a portion, preferably, all of the indicated fraction of the vacuum distillate enters at least one hydro Cleaning the and / or hydrocracking. 8. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором стадию сжигания проводят при давлении от -0,1 до 1 МПа, предпочтительно, от -0,1 до 0,5 МПа и при температуре от 200 до 700°C, предпочтительно, от 400 до 550°C, в присутствии воздуха.8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the stage of combustion is carried out at a pressure of from -0.1 to 1 MPa, preferably from -0.1 to 0.5 MPa and at a temperature of from 200 to 700 ° C, preferably 400 to 550 ° C, in the presence of air. 9. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором стадия экстракции металлов включает промывку по меньшей мере одним кислым и/или основным раствором.9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the stage of metal extraction includes washing with at least one acidic and / or basic solution. 10. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором тяжелая нефтяная фракция представляет собой углеводородную фракцию, содержащую по меньшей мере 50% масс. продукта, кипящего при температуре более 250°C, и по меньшей мере 25% масс., кипящего при температуре более 350°C, и содержит по меньшей мере 50 млн-1 металлов, по меньшей мере 0,5% масс. серы и по меньшей мере 1% масс. асфальтенов (гептановых асфальтенов).10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the heavy oil fraction is a hydrocarbon fraction containing at least 50% of the mass. Product boiling at a temperature greater than 250 ° C, and at least 25 wt.%, boiling at a temperature greater than 350 ° C, and contains at least 50 million -1 metals, at least 0.5% by weight. sulfur and at least 1% of the mass. asphaltenes (heptane asphaltenes). 11. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором тяжелая нефтяная фракция выбрана из нефтяных остатков, сырой нефти, нефти с отобранными наиболее легкими фракциями, деасфальтированных масел, асфальтов после деасфальтизации, выделенных из процессов конверсии нефти, битуминозных песков или их производных, битуминозных хвостов или их производных, или смесей таких видов сырья.11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the heavy oil fraction is selected from oil residues, crude oil, oil with the selected lightest fractions, deasphalted oils, asphalts after deasphalting isolated from the conversion of oil, tar sands or their derivatives, tar tails or their derivatives, or mixtures of such raw materials. 12. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором стадию гидроконверсии проводят при давлении от 2 до 35 МПа, предпочтительно, от 10 до 25 МПа, парциальном давлении водорода от 2 до 35 МПа, предпочтительно, от 10 до 25 МПа, температуре в интервале от 300°C до 500°C, предпочтительно, от 420°C до 480°C и времени контакта от 0,1 ч до 10 ч, предпочтительно, от 0,5 ч до 5 ч.12. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the hydroconversion stage is carried out at a pressure of from 2 to 35 MPa, preferably from 10 to 25 MPa, a partial pressure of hydrogen from 2 to 35 MPa, preferably from 10 to 25 MPa, at the range from 300 ° C to 500 ° C, preferably from 420 ° C to 480 ° C and contact time from 0.1 h to 10 h, preferably from 0.5 h to 5 hours 13. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором суспендированный катализатор является сульфированным катализатором, содержащим по меньшей мере один элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из Mo, Fe, Ni, W, Co, V, Ru.13. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the suspended catalyst is a sulfonated catalyst containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo, Fe, Ni, W, Co, V, Ru. 14. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из минеральных оксидов, отработанных нанесенных катализаторов, содержащих по меньшей мере один элемент группы VIII и/или по меньшей мере один элемент группы VIB, твердых карбоидов с низким содержанием водорода или из смесей таких добавок, причем указанная добавка имеет размер частиц менее 1 мм. 14. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the additive is selected from the group consisting of mineral oxides, spent supported catalysts containing at least one element of group VIII and / or at least one element of group VIB, low carbides hydrogen or from mixtures of such additives, wherein said additive has a particle size of less than 1 mm.
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