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RU2010107571A - METHOD FOR INITIATING A COOLING CYCLE INCLUDING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE - Google Patents

METHOD FOR INITIATING A COOLING CYCLE INCLUDING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2010107571A
RU2010107571A RU2010107571/06A RU2010107571A RU2010107571A RU 2010107571 A RU2010107571 A RU 2010107571A RU 2010107571/06 A RU2010107571/06 A RU 2010107571/06A RU 2010107571 A RU2010107571 A RU 2010107571A RU 2010107571 A RU2010107571 A RU 2010107571A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
refrigeration circuit
mol
gas
working gas
natural gas
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RU2010107571/06A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2482405C2 (en
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Дени КРЕТЬЕН (FR)
Дени Кретьен
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Тоталь С.А. (FR)
Тоталь С.А.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ запуска узла сжижения природного газа, содержащего холодильный контур, содержащий охлаждающую жидкость, которая содержит смесь углеводородов, при этом способ включает последовательно следующие этапы: ! (а) введение в холодильный контур и выпуск из него очищающего газа; ! (б) введение первого рабочего газа в холодильный контур и ! (в) введение второго рабочего газа в холодильный контур; ! при этом средняя молярная масса первого рабочего газа больше средней молярной массы второго рабочего газа. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где первый рабочий газ содержит по меньшей мере 50 мол.%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере 80 мол.%, наиболее предпочтительно по меньшей мере 90 мол.%, идеально по меньшей мере 95 мол.% этана. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где второй рабочий газ содержит предпочтительно по меньшей мере 50 мол.% метана, более предпочтительно по меньшей мере 70 мол.% и даже по меньшей мере 80 мол.% метана. ! 4. Способ по п.1, где очищающий газ и/или второй рабочий газ являются осушенным природным газом с уменьшенной кислотностью. ! 5. Способ по п.1, включающий после этапа (а) и, предпочтительно, после этапа (б) один или несколько этапов введения в холодильный контур дополнительных рабочих газов, при этом каждый дополнительный рабочий газ предпочтительно содержит азот, пропан, изобутан, н-бутан, изопентан, н-пентан, этилен, пропилен или их смеси. ! 6. Способ по п.1, где первый и второй рабочие газы обеспечивают по меньшей мере 50%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере 60%, еще более предпочтительно по меньшей мере 70%, даже по меньшей мере 80% молекул охлаждающей жидкости, присутствующих в холодильном контуре в конце процедуры запуска. ! 7. Способ по п.1, где холодиль� 1. A method for starting a natural gas liquefaction unit containing a refrigeration circuit containing a cooling liquid that contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:! (a) introducing a cleaning gas into and out of the refrigeration circuit; ! (b) introduction of the first working gas into the refrigeration circuit and! (c) introducing a second working gas into the refrigeration circuit; ! the average molar mass of the first working gas being greater than the average molar mass of the second working gas. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first working gas contains at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 80 mol%, most preferably at least 90 mol%, ideally at least 95 mol% ethane. ! 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second working gas contains preferably at least 50 mol% methane, more preferably at least 70 mol% and even at least 80 mol% methane. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stripping gas and / or the second working gas are deacidified dried natural gas. ! 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising after step (a) and preferably after step (b) one or more stages of introducing additional working gases into the refrigeration circuit, wherein each additional working gas preferably contains nitrogen, propane, isobutane, n -butane, isopentane, n-pentane, ethylene, propylene or mixtures thereof. ! 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second working gases provide at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 70%, even at least 80% of the coolant molecules present in the refrigeration circuit at the end of the startup procedure. ! 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration

Claims (13)

1. Способ запуска узла сжижения природного газа, содержащего холодильный контур, содержащий охлаждающую жидкость, которая содержит смесь углеводородов, при этом способ включает последовательно следующие этапы:1. The method of starting the node for liquefying natural gas containing a refrigeration circuit containing a coolant that contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, the method includes sequentially the following steps: (а) введение в холодильный контур и выпуск из него очищающего газа;(a) introducing a purifying gas into the refrigeration circuit and discharging it; (б) введение первого рабочего газа в холодильный контур и(b) introducing the first working gas into the refrigeration circuit; and (в) введение второго рабочего газа в холодильный контур;(c) introducing a second working gas into the refrigeration circuit; при этом средняя молярная масса первого рабочего газа больше средней молярной массы второго рабочего газа.wherein the average molar mass of the first working gas is greater than the average molar mass of the second working gas. 2. Способ по п.1, где первый рабочий газ содержит по меньшей мере 50 мол.%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере 80 мол.%, наиболее предпочтительно по меньшей мере 90 мол.%, идеально по меньшей мере 95 мол.% этана.2. The method according to claim 1, where the first working gas contains at least 50 mol.%, Preferably at least 80 mol.%, Most preferably at least 90 mol.%, Ideally at least 95 mol.% Ethane. 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где второй рабочий газ содержит предпочтительно по меньшей мере 50 мол.% метана, более предпочтительно по меньшей мере 70 мол.% и даже по меньшей мере 80 мол.% метана.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, where the second working gas preferably contains at least 50 mol% of methane, more preferably at least 70 mol% and even at least 80 mol% of methane. 4. Способ по п.1, где очищающий газ и/или второй рабочий газ являются осушенным природным газом с уменьшенной кислотностью.4. The method according to claim 1, where the cleaning gas and / or the second working gas are dried natural gas with reduced acidity. 5. Способ по п.1, включающий после этапа (а) и, предпочтительно, после этапа (б) один или несколько этапов введения в холодильный контур дополнительных рабочих газов, при этом каждый дополнительный рабочий газ предпочтительно содержит азот, пропан, изобутан, н-бутан, изопентан, н-пентан, этилен, пропилен или их смеси.5. The method according to claim 1, including after step (a) and, preferably, after step (b) one or more stages of introducing additional working gases into the refrigeration circuit, each additional working gas preferably containing nitrogen, propane, isobutane, n -butane, isopentane, n-pentane, ethylene, propylene or mixtures thereof. 6. Способ по п.1, где первый и второй рабочие газы обеспечивают по меньшей мере 50%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере 60%, еще более предпочтительно по меньшей мере 70%, даже по меньшей мере 80% молекул охлаждающей жидкости, присутствующих в холодильном контуре в конце процедуры запуска.6. The method according to claim 1, where the first and second working gases provide at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 70%, even at least 80% of the molecules of the coolant present in the refrigerator circuit at the end of the startup procedure. 7. Способ по п.1, где холодильный контур включает теплообменник, имеющий теплый вход и холодный вход, причем температура охлаждающей жидкости на холодном входе теплообменника снижается по меньшей мере на 30°С, предпочтительно по меньшей мере на 40°С, более предпочтительно по меньшей мере на 50°С, даже по меньшей мере на 60°С между началом и окончанием этапа (б).7. The method according to claim 1, where the refrigeration circuit includes a heat exchanger having a warm inlet and a cold inlet, and the temperature of the coolant at the cold inlet of the heat exchanger is reduced by at least 30 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C, more preferably at least 50 ° C, even at least 60 ° C between the beginning and end of step (b). 8. Способ по п.1, где холодильный контур включает дроссельный вентиль Джоуля-Томпсона, имеющий вход и выход, причем разница температур охлаждающей жидкости между указанным входом и указанным выходом составляет менее 40°С, предпочтительно менее 30°С, идеально менее 25°С в ходе всего способа запуска.8. The method according to claim 1, where the refrigeration circuit includes a Joule-Thompson throttle valve having an inlet and an outlet, the temperature difference of the coolant between said inlet and said outlet being less than 40 ° C, preferably less than 30 ° C, ideally less than 25 ° C during the entire launch method. 9. Способ по п.1, где узел сжижения природного газа дополнительно включает контур предварительного охлаждения и где контур предварительного охлаждения запускается в номинальный рабочий режим до этапа (б).9. The method according to claim 1, where the natural gas liquefaction unit further includes a pre-cooling circuit, and where the pre-cooling circuit is started in the nominal operating mode prior to step (b). 10. Способ по п.1, где узел сжижения природного газа включает также дополнительный холодильный контур.10. The method according to claim 1, where the node liquefaction of natural gas also includes an additional refrigeration circuit. 11. Способ по п.10, где дополнительный холодильный контур представляет собой холодильный контур, содержащий охлаждающую жидкость, которая содержит смесь углеводородов, а способ запуска включает после этапа (в):11. The method according to claim 10, where the additional refrigeration circuit is a refrigeration circuit containing a coolant that contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, and the startup method includes after step (c): (г) введение первого рабочего газа в дополнительный холодильный контур и(d) introducing the first working gas into the additional refrigeration circuit; and (д) введение второго рабочего газа в дополнительный холодильный контур.(e) introducing a second working gas into the additional refrigeration circuit. 12. Способ по п.1, где указанный холодильный контур, содержащий охлаждающую жидкость, которая содержит смесь углеводородов, является единственным холодильным контуром узла сжижения природного газа.12. The method according to claim 1, where the specified refrigeration circuit containing a coolant that contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, is the only refrigeration circuit of the natural gas liquefaction unit. 13. Способ сжижения природного газа в узле сжижения природного газа, который содержит холодильный контур, содержащий охлаждающую жидкость, которая содержит смесь углеводородов, где указанный способ включает:13. A method of liquefying natural gas in a node for liquefying natural gas, which contains a refrigeration circuit containing a coolant that contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, where the method includes: - запуск узла сжижения природного газа способом по любому из пп.1-12, после чего- launching a natural gas liquefaction unit according to any one of claims 1-12, after which - охлаждение и сжижение природного газа в указанном узле сжижения природного газа. - cooling and liquefaction of natural gas in the specified node liquefaction of natural gas.
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