RU2008477C1 - Piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: piston engine has pistons with connecting rods arranged in body parallel to shaft axis, and movable plate on oblique washer. Several cylindrical spaces are formed by body which has round cylindrical surface and by shaft. Cylindrical spaces accommodate pistons with connecting rods. Flats or radius grooves are made on shaft along its axis on definite section. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 4 cl, 13 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to piston internal combustion engines.

 Known piston internal combustion engine containing several pistons axially moving in parallel cylinders, a shaft and a device for converting reciprocating motion into rotary, which contains a disk-shaped inclined rotating element with two grooves on the upper and lower surfaces. Both grooves are elliptical in shape. At least one ball rolls along each of the grooves and each of the pairs of balls has a device for holding the balls in the grooves. The last device is connected to a rod, on the upper end of which a piston is installed, moving in the cylinder.

 The specified design has the following disadvantages.

 1. The minimum contact between the grooves and balls under shock loads does not allow to develop large power.

 2. Large inertia due to the presence of large masses in the connection of the piston with the devices for holding balls in the grooves.

 3. The presence of the upper shaft support requires spacing of the cylinders and, consequently, an increase in the overall dimensions of the engine.

 Known piston internal combustion engine containing a shaft with a housing and several cylinders. Inside the case there is a frame structure ("spider") installed with the possibility of rotation around the shaft. The spider has a number of levers, one for each cylinder. The pistons are pivotally connected using a connecting rod with a spider. The "spider" rotates around the shaft, while the pistons reciprocate in cylinders located on a conical surface, the apex of which is on the axis of the shaft. Between the bases of the cylinders is the attachment site of the spider support.

 The disadvantages of this design.

 1. The complexity of the design due to the presence of a spherical ball bearing.

 2. Increased dimensions due to the presence of attachment points for the "spider", as a result of which the cylinders are spaced apart, as well as due to the presence of a movement conversion mechanism ("spider").

 3. On the disk-shaped element of the "spider" to which the connecting rods are attached, the horizontal components act from the efforts of the pistons, which requires an increase in the dimensions of the fastening means and the whole mechanism as a whole.

 Known piston internal combustion engine containing cylinders located around and parallel to the axis of the shaft, pistons with connecting rods, oblique and swinging washers mounted on the Central shaft and interconnected using a conversion mechanism provided with a guide in the housing, and the swinging washer is pivotally mounted relative to the shaft and oblique washer and connected to the connecting rods using ball bearings, and oblique washer is rigidly connected to the shaft.

 The disadvantages of this engine.

 1. Increased dimensions due to the presence between the cylinders of the support of the auxiliary shaft, as a result of which the cylinders are spaced a certain distance.

 2. Large wear of the ball joint assembly of the swinging washer and the treadmill of the cylinder block due to the transmission of the lateral component of the piston working force through a linear contact between the ball and the contacting surfaces.

 3. Large bending moment on the shaft from the efforts of the pistons through the ball bearings of the connecting rods.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely: reducing the dimensions of the internal combustion engine and increasing reliability by reducing the bending moment on the shaft.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a piston engine containing pistons with connecting rods located in the housing and located parallel to the axis of the shaft, a movable washer connected to the connecting rods with ball bearings, an oblique washer and a gas distribution mechanism, a housing having a round cylindrical surface, and a shaft several cavities of a non-circular cylindrical shape in which pistons with connecting rods are placed, the movable washer supported on a non-rotating oblique washer and pivotally connected to a shaft having at least two parallel solid axis of the shaft of the plane, using spherical or cylindrical segments fixed in a movable washer and supported on these planes.

 The cavity is made in the form of two cylindrical segments.

 In order to change the compression ratio, the oblique washer is movable along the shaft.

 The gas distribution system is made in the form of inlet and outlet windows located in the housing wall, and the distance between them along the arc of the housing surface is less than the arc of the housing surface bounded by one cavity, the intake window is located ahead of the shaft.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed engine; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - the same (option); in FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 1; in FIG. 5 is a cross-section BB in FIG. 4; in FIG. 6 is a section GG in FIG. 1; in FIG. 7 is a section DD in FIG. 6; in FIG. 8 is a diagram of the engine gas distribution (opening the exhaust window); in FIG. 9 is a cross-section EE in FIG. 8; in FIG. 10 - gas distribution diagram (purge); in FIG. 11 is a section FJ in FIG. 10; in FIG. 12 is a gas distribution diagram (closing the intake window); in FIG. 13 is a section II in FIG. 12.

 The engine comprises a housing consisting of two parts 1 and 2 (Fig. 1), to which a head 3 and a cover 4 are attached. The inner surface of the housing 1 has a circular cylindrical shape. Inside the housing there is a shaft 5 fixed in bearings 6 and 7.

 The shaft 5 in section 8 is made with flat surfaces 9 (Fig. 2) or with radius grooves 10 along the shaft (Fig. 3). Between the shaft 5 and the cylindrical surface of the housing 1 there are pistons 11 to which the connecting rods 12 are fastened with nuts 13. The connecting rods 12 are connected to the movable washer 15 by means of ball bearings 14, which is supported by an oblique washer 16, and the movable washer is pressed against the oblique plate 17.

 In the area 18 of the shaft 5, two surfaces are made in the form of parallel planes, on which the liners 19 are supported, fixed movably in the washer 15. The liners 19 are in the form of cylindrical or spherical segments.

 A nut 20 is screwed into part 2 of the housing, which is movably connected to the oblique washer 16.

 At the end of the shaft 5 from the side of the head 3, sealing elements 20 (FIG. 2, 3) are made, which are closed to the sealing elements 21 (FIG. 6) running along the shaft.

 The gas distribution mechanism includes outlet 22 (Fig. 6) and inlet 23 windows made in the wall of the housing part 1, to which outlet 24 and inlet 25 are connected, respectively.

 The distance between the edges of the windows 22, 23 along the arc of the surface of the housing part 1 is less than the distance between the edges 26, 27 of the shaft 5 within the cylinder cavity. The inlet window 23 is located first along the rotation of the shaft 5.

 In the head 3, the nozzle 28 is installed.

 The piston engine operates as follows.

 An embodiment of the working cavities of the engine in the form of a cylindrical segment is considered (Fig. 2), i.e., the engine has two non-circular cylindrical cavities in which two pistons are placed.

 When scrolling the shaft 5 (from an external source), it forces the pistons 11 to rotate about the axis of the engine. At the same time, interacting with the movable washer 15 through the liners 19, it forces the washer 15 to rotate on the surface of the oblique washer 16. Rotating in an inclined position, the washer 15 through the ball bearings 14 gives the pistons 11 through the connecting rods 12 reciprocating motion along the axis of the engine.

 From displacement towards the head 3 (due to the presence of inertia forces), the movable washer 15 is held by the pad 17.

 The gas distribution in the engine is as follows.

 When the piston 11 moves to the head 3, air is compressed, the nozzles 28 feed a portion of fuel into the combustion chamber and the fuel is burned.

 When the piston moves to the BDC, it simultaneously rotates clockwise (Fig. 8). There is an opening of the exhaust window 22 by the piston 11 (Fig. 9). Then, as the shaft 5 rotates clockwise, the inlet window 23 opens with the shaft 5 (Fig. 10, 11) and the cylinder cavity is purged by displacing the combustion products with clean air, which is supplied through the inlet window 23.

 With a further rotation of the shaft 5, the outlet window closes with the shaft and the cylinder cavity is further filled with air through the inlet window 23 (Fig. 12, 13). Then the piston 11 closes the inlet port 23 and air is compressed in the cylinder.

In another cavity of the engine, a similar working process is carried out with an offset of 180 ^about .

 A thermodynamic push-pull cycle of an internal combustion engine of both a diesel engine and a carburetor is carried out in the engine.

 For one revolution of the shaft, two working strokes are made in the engine.

 The change in the compression ratio is achieved by rotating the nut 20, which causes the oblique washer 16 to be connected with the pistons 11 to move along the axis of the engine, which changes the volume of the combustion chamber.

 In the area 18 of the shaft 5 can be made several parallel to the axis of the shaft planes on which the bearings 19 are supported. Moreover, the number of planes of the shaft can be equal to or less than the number of pistons. For example, with four pistons two or four planes can be made, and with three pistons only three planes can be made.

 The location in one cylindrical body of the pistons with the shaft, as well as the mechanism for converting the translational motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the shaft, allows to improve the overall dimensions of the rotary piston engine in comparison with the known ones. (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1271986, cl. F 02 B 75/32, 1983.

Claims (4)

 1. PISTON ENGINE, comprising a housing, an output shaft, cylinders with pistons installed in them, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the output shaft, a movable washer pivotally connected to the pistons with connecting rods, an oblique washer, a gas distribution system, characterized in that, in order to reduce dimensions and increase reliability, the casing is made with an inner cylindrical surface, the output shaft is made of at least two radial partitions, forming with the casing cylindrical cavities bounded by cylindrical surfaces s, which guides are in the form of closed curves, and the movable washer pivotally connected to the shaft by means of spherical or cylindrical segments and in contact with oblique washer mounted in the housing.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides of the cylindrical surfaces are made in the form of segments.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblique washer is movable along the axis of the shaft.  4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas distribution system is made in the form of inlet and outlet windows located in the housing wall, and the distance between them along the arc of the housing surface is less than an arc limited to one cavity.

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