RU2099663C1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power and chemical engineering: recuperators, heaters, coolers. SUBSTANCE: heat exchanger has housing 1 with inlet and outlet manifolds for each heat exchange medium. Space enclosed in housing 1 is divided into zones within the limits of which heat exchange members 10 consisting of great number of walls 11 are installed. Each wall 11 is connected from outer edge 12 with one adjacent wall, and from inner edge 13 with other adjacent wall, forming channels 14 for circulation of heat exchange media. Channels 14 are located within the limits of zone so that walls 11 of heat exchange members 10 of one zone are pointed with inner edges 13 to inner edges of walls 11 of heat exchange members 10 of adjacent zones, or to wall 11 of heat exchange member 10 of adjacent zone. Device for shutting off channels 14 and 15 is installed at inlet sections of channels 14 and completely shuts off section passage, and at inlet sections of channels 15, it partially overlaps passage at side of outer edge 12, being united by common heating member. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of energy and chemical engineering and can be used in various types of heat exchange equipment, for example, recuperators, heaters, coolers, etc.

 Plate heat exchangers are widely used in various fields of mechanical engineering: energy, chemical, medical, etc.

 A significant part of plate heat exchangers is structurally a set of parallel plates laid and sealed relative to each other so that alternating channels are formed between the plates for circulation of the heat exchange media. Thus, interconnected in pairs, the plates form the corresponding cavity for the passage of the coolant, and the alternation of these pairs and their connection to the respective collectors of the inlet and outlet of the heat transfer media form a plate heat exchanger. A power casing with this design of the heat exchanger is not required, and ensuring the strength of the heat exchanger at pressure drops above 0.1 MPa is done by compressing the package of plates using plates and tightening elements.

 Such heat exchangers differ from other types of heat exchangers in a more compact heat exchange surface per unit volume, smaller mass and dimensions and cost (see, for example, N.V. Baranovsky, D.M. Kovalenko, A.R. Yastrebenetsky. Plate and spiral heat exchangers. M. Engineering, 1973, pp. 45-46).

 The disadvantages of these heat exchangers include the complexity and unreliability of the seal assembly between the plates, and their strength is not ensured with significant pressure drops between the plates (more than 1 MPa).

 Another variety of plate heat exchangers allows you to work with pressure drops up to 4.5 MPa. Structurally, they are made of a set of flat plates or pipes made of a sheet, sealed at the edges into tube boards and then installed and sealed in a power housing. In this case, one medium moves inside the flat pipes, and the other in the annulus, that is, between the pipes and the inner surface of the casing (see, for example, ibid., P. 32-35).

 The disadvantages include a smaller surface compactness compared to the heat exchangers described above.

 Plate heat exchangers are known, including the positive qualities of both types of heat exchangers described above (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,178,991, publ. 12/18/79, class. F 28 F3 / 02).

 The heat exchanger described in US patent is equipped with a longitudinally arranged tube as a guide for one of the heat transfer media, a heat exchange element located coaxially in the housing and having a plurality of walls extending outward from the longitudinally located central zone, and each wall is connected to the inner edge with one adjacent wall and from the outer edge with another adjacent wall, means for blocking the flow zones, forming paths for the circulation of heat transfer media, in addition, the walls can be formed from corrugations Baths plates which alternate with flat plates.

The disadvantages of this design are:
low compactness of the heat exchange surface, since the space covered by the housing is not fully used, the central part of the heat exchanger remains unused;
increased input and output hydraulic resistance in the channels along both paths, caused by the fact that the number of these channels, depending on the width of the longitudinal channel and the width of the partition between the channels on the central pipe, is determined by its perimeter. A decrease in hydraulic resistance in the channels due to an increase in the number of longitudinal channels on the central pipe leads to an increase in its diameter and, consequently, to an even greater reduction in the space used to accommodate the heat exchange surface, that is, to a decrease in the compactness of the heat exchanger. A decrease in hydraulic resistance in the channels due to an increase in their height at the inlet and outlet will lead to an increase in the height of the heat exchanger, i.e., also to a decrease in the compactness of the heat exchanger.

 According to the greatest number of common features and the achieved effect, US patent N 4178991 is chosen for the prototype.

 The task at hand is to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger due to the implementation of a more compact heat exchange surface and reduce hydraulic resistance.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that in the heat exchanger containing the housing in which the heat exchanger element is located, consisting of a plurality of walls facing the outer edges towards the housing, each wall being connected to the outer edge with one adjacent wall, and from the inner edge with another adjacent wall, forming channels for the circulation of heat transfer media, a means for blocking the channels and the formation of circulation paths of heat transfer media, the space covered by the housing is divided into zones within which heat exchange elements are provided, the inner edges of the walls of which are facing the inner edges of the walls of the heat exchange elements or the wall of the heat exchange elements located in adjacent zones, the means for blocking the channels and forming paths of circulation of the heat exchange media is placed in the channels, the walls of which are connected to the inner edge, completely overlapping their cross section, as well as in channels whose walls are connected to the outer edge, overlapping their cross section partially from the outer edge, and united by a common sealing element ntom, on which a collector for supplying and removing one of the heat transfer media is fixed, in addition, the walls of the channels located in adjacent zones are connected by compensators.

 The location of the heat-exchange element within the zones into which the space enclosed by the housing is divided provides an increased compactness of the heat-exchange surface due to the use of its central part and allows to reduce the hydraulic resistance in the channels by increasing their number, since the reason that restrains their increase has been eliminated. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger, that is, to obtain higher characteristics with the same dimensions of the heat exchanger.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a heat exchanger; in FIG. 2 shows a section AA of FIG. 1, the location of the heat exchange elements, the inner edges of the walls of which are facing the inner edges of the walls of the heat exchange elements located in adjacent zones; in FIG. 3 shows the assembly B of FIG. 2, the location of the heat exchange elements in adjacent zones; in FIG. 4 shows a section AA of FIG. 1, an arrangement of heat exchange elements, the inner edges of the walls of which are facing the walls of heat exchange elements located in adjacent zones; in FIG. 5 shows a cross-section BB of FIG. 1, the location of the means for blocking the channels; in FIG. 6 shows a section G-D of FIG. 5, channel overlap elements; in FIG. 7 shows a section DD of FIG. 5, combining a common sealing element; in FIG. 8 shows a compensator connecting the walls of heat exchange elements located in adjacent zones.

The heat exchanger consists of a housing 1, equipped with a supply manifold 2 with a pipe 3 and a discharge manifold 4 with a pipe 5 of one heat transfer medium, a supply manifold 6 with a pipe 7 and a discharge manifold 8 with a pipe 9 of another heat transfer medium. The space enclosed by the housing 1 is divided into zones within which the heat exchange elements 10 are located. Consisting of a plurality of walls 11 facing the outer edges 12 toward the housing 1. Each wall 11 is connected to the outer edge 12 with one adjacent wall, and from the inner edge 13 with another adjacent wall, while forming channels 14 and 15 for the circulation of heat transfer media. The walls 11 of the heat exchange elements 10 of one zone face the inner edges 13 to the inner edges 13 of the walls 11 of the heat exchange elements 10 of the adjacent zones (see Fig. 3) or to the wall 11 of the heat exchange element 10 of the adjacent zone (see Fig. 4). In order to form circulation paths of the heat exchange media, the passage sections of the channels 14 and 15 at the inlet and outlet sections are hermetically closed, and the sections of the channels 14 are completely blocked, for example, by elements 16 (Fig. 6), and the section of the channels 15
partially from the side of the outer edges 12 by the elements 17. All adjacent elements 16 and 17 and the ends of the walls 11 are united by a common sealing element 18 (Fig. 7), to which a supply manifold 6 and a discharge manifold 8 are connected. Walls 11 of the extreme channels located in adjacent zones are interconnected by an additional compensator 19, which perceives all displacements during expansions and contractions of heat-exchange elements under the action of high and low temperatures.

 The heat exchanger operates as follows.

 The coolant, for example, the heated gas, is supplied through the pipe 3 to the collector 2, from it through the longitudinal passages between the outer edges 12 of the walls 11 facing the collector 2, enters the channels 14 of the heat exchange elements 10, moves along them, heats up, reaches the exit from the channels and exits the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe 5 of the manifold 4. Another heat carrier, for example heating gas, is supplied through the pipe 7 to the collector 6, distributed along the channels 15, moves along them, giving off heat to the heated gas, moving counter eye in adjacent channels 14, leaves the heat exchanger through the pipe 8 manifold 9.

 The location of the heat exchange elements 10 within the zones into which the space covered by the housing 1 is divided, and the placement of the outer edges 12 of the walls 11 towards the housing 1, and the inner edges 13 of the heat exchange elements 10 of one zone to the inner edges 13 of the heat exchange elements 10 of the adjacent zone allow the internal space, that is, use the central part of the body. The placement of the means for blocking the channels and the formation of circulation paths of heat transfer media at the input and output sections of the channels 14 with a complete overlap of the cross section, and channels 15 with a partial overlap of the cross section from the side of the outer edges 12 can reduce the hydraulic resistance in the channels by increasing the number of channels.

 The proposed heat exchanger makes it possible to obtain greater productivity in the same volume, since a denser arrangement is provided, that is, the internal space is more rationally used, and hydraulic resistance is reduced.

Claims (2)

 1. A heat exchanger comprising a housing in which a heat exchange element is located, consisting of a plurality of walls facing the outer edges toward the housing, each wall being connected to the outer edge with one adjacent wall, and from the inner edge to another adjacent wall, forming channels for circulation of heat transfer media, means for blocking channels and forming paths of circulation of heat transfer media, characterized in that the space covered by the housing is divided into zones within which the heat transfer element is located s, the inner edges of the walls of which are facing the inner edges of the walls of adjacent zones or the wall of the heat exchange element of the adjacent zone, the means for blocking the channels and forming paths of circulation of the heat exchange media is placed in the channels whose walls are connected to the inner edge, completely overlapping their section, and in channels whose walls are connected to the outer edge, overlapping their section partially from the outer edge side, and is equipped with a common sealing element on which the collector for supplying or removing heat is fixed exchange medium.  2. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the walls of the extreme channels located in adjacent zones are connected by compensators.

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