RU2097982C1 - Fodder additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish industry; in particular, preparation of albuminous fodder additive from hydrobionts for fur farming. SUBSTANCE: prepared product is by-product (deposit) of processing mussel hydrolyzate and characterized by the following parameters: melanoidine content, 3-15 mas.%; antioxidant activity is 38-96 nmole J/g min; content of dry substances, 45-60 mas.%; content of unsaturated fat acids is 30-50% from sum of fat acids; lipid, 10-15 mas. %; crude protein, 10-12 mas.%. EFFECT: higher biological value. 5 cl, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the fishing industry, in particular, to the production of protein feed additives for fur farming from aquatic animals.

 Known feed additive BAD-norizin, which is a mixture of nucleosides / inosine, guanosine /, the dried balance of the nutrient medium and the microbe-producer Bacilis Subtilis, contributing to the restoration of impaired cellular respiration. / Kvartnikova E.G. Rapoport O.L. "The use of norizin in fur farming" Scientific works of NIIPZK. 36, 1989, p. 6 11 /.

 The use of norizin in fur farming allowed to increase the final live weight of male mink by 182 g, and the quality of the skins by 0.8%. But it was not effective enough and is currently out of production.

 It is also known to use chlorophyllocarotene paste in animal husbandry, which includes a vitamin complex, chlorophyll, amino acids, trace elements, polyprenol compounds that are regulators of metabolic processes. Using it allowed to increase the quality of mink skins of minks by 3.3% / Berestov V. A. Petrov GG Izotova S.P. "The use of green wood in industrial fur farming and rabbit breeding." 1982, L. "Colossus", p. 96 /.

 However, due to the resinous substances contained in it and the pungent odor, the process of accustoming animals to the use of chlorophyllocarotin paste as a feed additive is very difficult. In addition, in the face of declining quality of animal feed, noted at present, it loses its high efficiency and its use does not lead to a noticeable increase in the quality of skin products.

Also known is a feed additive from marine organisms, in particular from bivalves and small crustaceans [1]
The technical task of the invention is to increase the productivity of animals and the quality of skin products while reducing the incidence.

 This is achieved by the fact that, as a feed additive, the claimed invention provides a feed product from mussels, which is a by-product / sediment / in the production of mussel hydrolyzate for therapeutic and prophylactic use / MIKI-KLP- / and containing melanoidins in an amount of 3 to 15% of solids.

 It was established that it is melanoidins, which are products of the amino-carbonyl reaction and have antioxidant activity, that are one of the main active principles in the proposed feed supplement.

 Melanoidins are used in the food industry not only as antioxidants, but also as biostimulants in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, as well as in medicine as anticoagulant and wound healing drugs. In addition, the immunostimulating effect of melanoidins is known / Davidyants S.B. Some problems of chemistry and biological chemistry of synthetic melanoidins. Thesins of the IV All-Union Biochemical Congress. M. Nauka, 1986, v. 2, p. 80 81 /.

 The antioxidant activity of the proposed feed additives is 380 1260 nmol J / g min. It is known that due to a lack of feed for fur animals, in particular minks, antioxidants, metabolic disorders are impaired, which leads to various diseases that result in decreased reproductive ability of animals and the quality of skin products. In this case, the content of amino-ammonia nitrogen in the feed plays an important role, since the high content of amino-ammonia nitrogen has a negative effect on fur animals.

 The content of melanoidins and the value of antioxidant activity in the feed additive are interrelated. At a concentration of melanoidins below 3% of solids, the antioxidant activity necessary for minks (> 380 nMol J / g min) is not provided. With an increase in the concentration of melanoidins, antioxidant activity also increases. At a concentration of melanoidins equal to 15% of solids, the antioxidant activity is 1260 nmol J / g min. However, during hydrolysis, the formation of amino-ammonia nitrogen is inevitable, which in certain quantities is toxic to fur animals. For the well-being of fur animals, the amount of amino-ammonia nitrogen should not exceed 960 mg%, which is ensured when the concentration of melanoidins does not exceed 15% of the dry matter content.

 It was found that with a deficiency in the diets of amino acids such as methionine and cystine, protein synthesis is disturbed, enzyme activity decreases, which ultimately also leads to metabolic disorders and a decrease in both mink productivity and the quality of skin products (weight loss, hair loss cover, etc.) (Movsum-Zade K.K. Berestov V.A. "Protein hydrolysates in veterinary medicine", 1989, Petrozavodsk, "Karelia", p. 156).

 The proposed feed additive contains 10 to 20 wt. crude protein and all the essential amino acids.

 It is known that lipids and unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic constituents of vitamin F, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, are involved in the processes of cell membrane formation, in metabolic processes) (Mashkovsky M. D. Medicines, M. Medicine, 1967, p. 575 577).

 The feed additive contains 10 to 15 wt. lipids, the content of unsaturated fatty acids is 30 to 50% of the total fatty acids.

 Biogenic micronutrients have a significant effect on the body's immune status, growth, development and reproduction (Bulatova I.V. Immunomodulating properties of micronutrients. Express information "Clinical Immunology and Allergology", issue 7, p. 1 6, 1990; Hennig A. Minerals, vitamins, biostimulants in the feeding of farm animals, M. "Colossus", 1976). The feed additive contains 19 to 30 wt. mineral substances. It contains such trace elements as Fe, Zn, CU, MN, K, Ca, Mg.

The optimal values for the feed additive are the following:
Melanoidins 3 15% of dry matter content
Amino-oxidative activity 380 1260 nMol J / g min
Amino-ammonia nitrogen 238 960 mg%
Solids 45 60 wt%
Lipids 10 15 wt.

 Crude protein 15 20 wt.

Unsaturated fatty acids 30 50% of total fatty acids
Minerals 19 30 wt.

 Fluctuations in the values of indicators are determined mainly by the chemical composition of the feedstock (mussel meat) used to obtain the feed additive, which depends on the fishing season, size composition, and mussel habitat.

 The feed additive is a dense, homogeneous mass from dark brown to black, with a brackish taste and a smell reminiscent of the smell of dried mushrooms, with a fish shade of different intensities.

 In the diets of fur animals, a feed additive is introduced in an amount of 2.5 g per head per day.

Example 1. 100 kg of mussel meat with a solids content of 18% fat 2.0% carbohydrates 1,)% crude protein 13% is loaded into the reactor, 29.1 kg of concentrated (34%) hydrochloric acid are added. The mass is heated for 18 hours at a temperature of 102 degrees C, then cooled and neutralized with a 22% alkali solution to a pH of 5.8, evaporated to a density (by hydrometer) of 1.180 g / cu. see, stand 6 days for maturation. The precipitate is separated from the liquid fraction (hydrolyzate). 15 kg of a dark brown product are obtained having the following characteristics:
melanoidins 3% of the solids content;
antioxidant activity 380 nMol J / g min
amino ammonia 238 mg /%
solids 45%
lipids 10%
crude protein 15%
minerals 19%
Example 2. 100 kg of mussel meat with a solids content of 24% fat 3.5% crude protein 19% carbohydrates 4% is loaded into the reactor, 37 kg of 35.5% HCl and 37 kg of water are added, the mass is heated for 20 hours. at a temperature of 102 degrees C, cooled, neutralized with a 22% NaOH solution to a pH of 5.8, evaporated to a density of 1.180 g / cc. Stand for 6 days for ripening. The precipitate is separated from the liquid fraction (hydrolyzate) to obtain 17 kg of a product having the following characteristics:
melanoidins 15% of solids
amino acid activity 1260 nmol J / g min
amino ammonia nitrogen 960 mg /%
solids 60%
lipids 15 wt.

mineral substances 20%
unsaturated fatty acids 50% of the total fatty acids.

 Example 3. The effect of feed additives on the growth of young animals.

 Two groups of young mink (control and experimental) of 80 animals in each group (40 males and 40 females) were kept on the same diet. A daily dietary supplement of 5 g per head per day was introduced into the diet of the experimental group from July to November. By the end of the experiment, the final live weight of the animals of the experimental group significantly exceeded the weight of the control group (experimental 2220 + 26 g, control 2075 + 39 g.).

 Example 4. The effect of feed additives on the amount of pelted products.

The method is carried out similarly to example y3. The feed additive is administered at a rate of 4 g / head per day. Sand products (raw materials and semi-finished products after dressing) are evaluated according to the following positions:
Assessment in accordance with GOST 27769-88 and GOST 10322-71
size and weight of skins
skin thickness at control points
density according to hair category
length of guides, outer and down hair
bond strength between hair and skin tissue
assessment and measurement of skins at the main stages of dressing
hairline thickness at control points
accounting for the appointment of skins on products
evaluation of products, taking into account the style, size, grade, cost.

 Evaluation of the skin products showed that the feed additive increases the size and weight of the skins, stimulates hair growth, and improves the commercial quality of the skins.

The skins of the experimental group were longer and the raw materials were 14.5% in the semi-finished product by 7.6%, the hair thickness of the skins of the experimental group was 9.9% higher compared to the control. The outer and down hair of the experimental group in length exceeded the control by 9.5%
A test of the bond strength of hair follicles with skin tissue showed that the introduction of a feed additive reduces hair loss when dressing skins in 2
3 times compared with the control (table. 1).

 At all the main stages of dressing, the advantages in size were retained for the skins of the experimental group. The skin tissue of the experimental group was characterized by the best physical and mechanical properties.

 In the fur-tailoring industry, the highest coefficient of use of skins was noted in the experimental group.

 Example 5. The effect of feed additives on reproduction.

 Two groups of breeding minks (experimental 368 goals, control 372 heads) of the Dark color were kept on a standard household ration consisting of horse meat, offal, fish, grain and fat. By the beginning of the rut, all animals were brought to factory fatness.

 The results showed that the introduction into the diet of mink feed additives in an amount of 2 g / head per day has a positive effect on the reproductive function of animals. In the experimental group, the yield of puppies to the female is higher than in the control group, and stillborn puppies in the experimental group are absent (Table 2). In addition, in the experimental group the mortality of puppies is significantly lower than in the control group.

Claims (5)

 1. A feed additive, characterized in that it is a precipitate obtained by separation of the mussel hydrolyzate and contains melanoidins in an amount of 3 to 15 wt. to the solids content with antioxidant activity 380 1260 nmol J / g min.  2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 45 to 60 wt. dry matter.  3. The additive according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of 30 to 50% of the total fatty acids.  4. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains lipids in an amount of 10 to 15 wt.  5. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a crude protein of 10 to 20 wt.

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