RU208503U1 - Attachment for metal cutting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The device belongs to the field of machining, to devices for drilling, threading with taps, dies and other metal-cutting tools on lathes. The device contains a body made in the form of a hollow cylinder, a cylindrical sleeve placed in the body with the possibility of moving along it, a rack and pinion gear, a spring and a leash. The first end of the housing is made open, the second end is deaf. At the same time, a compressed spring is placed between the dead end of the housing and the bushing. The body is provided with two longitudinal grooves located diametrically opposite to each other and stretched along the body, and the sleeve is provided with a through transverse hole. The leash is passed through the grooves of the body and the specified hole of the sleeve and is made with the possibility of moving along the grooves of the body and the possibility of removal from the hole of the sleeve. EFFECT: expansion of functionality due to the possibility of cutting large-sized threads in combination with a reduction in time for processing parts is achieved. 4 w.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The device belongs to the field of mechanical processing, namely, devices for drilling, tapping, dies and other metal-cutting tools on lathes.

From the USSR inventor's certificate 272782, RF patents for invention 2267385 and for utility model No. 123708, French patent 1043410, US patent 4437801, devices for metal-cutting machines are known, including a body equipped with a tapered shank fixed in a metal-cutting machine, a sleeve placed inside the body, a mandrel with a cutting tool and means for fixing the sleeve and the mandrel relative to the body.

For example, in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model 123708, the body of the device is equipped with an external tapered shank, fixed in a metal-cutting machine, and an internal tapered hole. The sleeve is made with an outer and an inner taper. The outer cone of the sleeve is made interacting with the inner tapered bore of the body, the inner cone of the sleeve is used for fixing the mandrel with the cutting tool. In addition to these elements, the device includes means for fastening the sleeve to the body of the device and clamping the mandrel of the working tool inside the sleeve.

The disadvantage of these devices is a long time for performing operations, since the device does not provide for the possibility of feeding the tool into the processing zone of the workpiece and removing the tool from the processing zone without using the means of a metal-cutting machine. In addition, a lot of time is spent on changing the working tool, since its dismantling from the device requires operations to disconnect the connections of the working tool mandrel with the sleeve and the sleeve with the body.

From the prior art (see, for example, USSR inventor's certificates 795739, 626894 and 157192, French patent 1433380, Chinese application 109277652), devices for metal-cutting machines are known, including a first element made to be connected with a metal-cutting machine, and a second element made providing the ability to move along the first element and the ability to connect with a metal-cutting tool.

The device according to the USSR inventor's certificate 795739 includes a shank fixed in a metal-cutting machine, a holder put on the shank, and a drum with radial seats for a metal-cutting tool. By hand gripping, the holder with the drum, in the slots of which the cutting tools are fixed in advance, is introduced into the processing zone. Due to the possibility of rotation of the drum, the necessary tool, previously fixed on the drum, can be fed into the processing zone, which reduces the processing time of the workpiece. The disadvantage of this device is the limited functionality of the device due to the impossibility of installing large-sized tools into the drum. In addition, the use of the device is associated with manual introduction of the holder by gripping it into the treatment area. The disadvantages include the fact that the half-couplings included in the device for limiting the movement of the tool, when triggered under the action of the spring, hit one another, causing a series of impacts, the forces from which are directed along the axis of the device, which can cause breakage of the cutting tool.

As in the considered device, in the technical solution according to the USSR inventor's certificate 626894, the device includes a shank fixed in the tailstock quill of the lathe, a sleeve-like body put on the shank with the ability to move along it, and means for fixing and centering the cutting tool. In the process of work, the tool fixed in the device is fed to the workpiece being processed by the quill of the tailstock of the machine. The tool, cutting into the workpiece, pulls the sleeve along the body. With the reverse rotation of the spindle, the tool, unscrewing from the workpiece, moves the body to the quill of the tailstock of the machine. Further withdrawal of the tool from the workpiece is carried out by the quill of the tailstock of the machine, after which the tool can be changed after unscrewing the nut with the simultaneous opening of the centering cams. The use of the tailstock pintles of the machine tool to move the tool and the use of the threaded connection of the device elements significantly increases the time for performing operations for processing the workpiece of the part. In addition, the possibility of turning the tool relative to the body of the device under the action of extreme loads entails a decrease in the quality of the thread.

Attachment for a metal-cutting tool (see A.R. Maslov, "Attachments of a metal-cutting tool", ed. Mashinostroenie ", Moscow, 2008, pp. 134-135, Fig. 4.14 a) includes a guide mandrel with a tapered shank, and a sleeve placed around the mandrel with the ability to move relative to it. The end of the sleeve is provided with screws for fastening the cutting tool. In this solution, the mandrel is provided with a longitudinal groove, and the sleeve is provided with a handle screwed into the sleeve to enable interaction with the mandrel groove. The device can only work with forced feed with the help of hands and does not allow attaching, installing, clamping other tools other than the ram. The movement of the device goes with a forced feed by hand when gripping the sleeve of the device or with the help of the tailstock and then along the thread of the die tool - self-tightening. Replacing the dies occurs by replacing the bushings with dies and unscrewing the screws. During manufacturing operations, a lot of time is spent on tool changes, for example, for lubrication and chip removal. The use of manual labor does not allow for high-quality processing of workpieces, in addition, a lot of time is spent on carrying out any operations.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is a technical solution known from USSR inventor's certificate 157192, containing a body made in the form of a cylinder and a cylindrical sleeve placed inside it, made to move relative to the body.

The outer surface of the tail part of the body is made in the form of a conical surface, made with the possibility of fastening in a metal-cutting machine, for example, in the quill of the tailstock of a lathe.

The first end of the sleeve is provided with an internal longitudinal hole, the surface of which is made in the form of a cone, which makes it possible to attach a mandrel with a metal-cutting tool, for example, a drill, in the sleeve.

In addition, this device contains a rack and pinion, including a rack located on the bushing and interacting through a slot in the housing with a gear fixed on the outer surface of the housing near its first end and made to receive a torque.

The use of rack and pinion in the device for moving the sleeve with the cutting tool relative to the body significantly reduces the load on the worker when entering and withdrawing the working tool into the workpiece processing zone, moreover, it allows drilling small holes with a diameter of up to 4 mm without rotating the flywheel of the lathe tailstock.

In this device, making the second end of the body open in combination with making the outer surface of its tail part in the form of a conical surface, fixed in the tailstock of the lathe with direct abutment to the tail part of the bushing body, limits the length of the body, and, consequently, the working stroke of the sleeve , which reduces the functionality of the tool.

Another disadvantage of the device is its insufficient ability to perceive the torque from the cutting forces during the action of extreme loads due to the possibility of turning both the sleeve relative to the body and the entire device in the tailstock quill of the machine.

The design of the device also does not provide structural elements that provide a reduction in the time for dismantling the cutting tool or a mandrel with a cutting tool from the sleeve, and structural elements that ensure the pressing of the working tool to the workpiece being processed.

A technical problem is the development of an attachment for a metal-cutting tool, which provides a reduction in the processing time of parts in combination with the expansion of its functionality and an increase in the quality of the workpieces being processed.

The device solves this problem in the following way.

Like the closest analogue, the inventive device for a metal-cutting machine contains a housing, a bushing and a rack and pinion.

The body of the device is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the first end of which is made open. The sleeve is made in the form of a cylinder and is placed in the housing with the ability to move along it. The first end of the sleeve is provided with an internal longitudinal hole, the surface of which is made in the form of a cone.

The rack and pinion transmission includes a rack placed on the bushing and interacting through a slot in the housing with a gear fixed on the outer surface of the housing near its first end. The gear wheel is made with the provision of the perception of the torque.

In contrast to the closest analogue in the device, the second end of the body is made deaf and connected to a tapered shank, made with the possibility of attachment to a metal-cutting machine. In this case, a compressed spring is placed inside the body between the blind end of the body and the sleeve.

Unlike the closest analogue, the body is provided with two longitudinal grooves located diametrically opposite to each other and extended along the body parallel to the axis of the device.

Unlike the closest analogue, the device contains a leash, and the sleeve is equipped with a through hole located near its second end. The leash is passed through the grooves of the body and the specified hole of the sleeve and is made both with the possibility of movement along the grooves of the body, and with the provision of the possibility of removal from the hole of the sleeve.

Making the second end of the body blind and connecting it with a tapered shank makes it possible to make the body with a length exceeding the length of the shank, making it possible to increase the length of the sleeve placed in the body and, accordingly, increasing the working stroke of the sleeve, expands the functionality of the device.

Due to the compressed spring placed inside the housing between its blind end and the bushing, the cutting tool can be pressed against the workpiece, which further expands the functionality of the device, allowing it to be used, for example, in combination with a machining center.

In the device, the body is provided with two longitudinal grooves located diametrically opposite to each other and stretched along the body parallel to the axis of the device, and a leash passed through the body grooves and the bushing, and made with the possibility of movement along the body grooves. On the one hand, this, due to the ability to move the driver along the grooves, improves the centering of the cutting tool relative to the axis of the device, thereby increasing the quality of the workpieces. This is especially important, for example, when processing workpieces of parts performed only by feeding the cutting tool using a rack and pinion without using the quill mechanisms of the tailstock of the machine or when machining deep holes. On the other hand, a leash passed through the grooves of the body and the sleeve, increasing the ability to perceive the torque from the cutting forces during the action of extreme loads and, thereby, preventing the sleeve from turning relative to the body, allows for high-quality cutting of large threads (M12 - M100 up to a pitch of 3mm ) commonly used in manufacturing, for example, parts such as studs, bolts, rods, rods, etc.

The implementation of the leash with the provision of the possibility of placing it in the hole of the sleeve and removing it from the specified hole, providing a simple assembly and disassembly of the device, reduces the processing time of the workpiece.

The technical result achieved by using the device is to expand the functionality of the device due to the possibility of cutting large-sized threads (M12 - M100 up to a pitch of 3 mm) in combination with a 20 ... 30 percent reduction in assembly and disassembly time of the device in multi-stage processing of workpieces requiring repeated tool changes.

In addition, the bushing can be provided with two slots aligned in cross-section with the longitudinal slots of the body, and located in the axial direction with the possibility of mechanical action by the wedge-shaped tool on the tip of the cutting tool shank, which speeds up the change of the working tool.

Among other things, the body shank and the inner longitudinal bore of the sleeve are most preferably made in the form of Morse tapers, which allows the device to be used with various metal-cutting machines and a wide range of tools and tool holders, respectively.

In addition, the body of the fixture can be provided with a linear scale applied along one of the longitudinal grooves of the body, which makes it easier to control the length of cut in the workpiece being processed.

The elements of the fixture in the drawings are designated by the following positions:

1 - case,

2 - bushing,

3 - body shank,

4 - the axis of the device,

5 - inner longitudinal bore of the bushing,

6 - longitudinal groove of the body,

7 - leash,

8 - spring,

9 - four-sided spike of the pinion axle,

10 - gear,

11 - rail,

12 - bushing through hole,

13 - ruler with indices,

14 - cut of the case,

20 - body ears,

21 - mandrel for fastening the working tool,

22 - slot on the sleeve,

23 - the end of the shank of the cutting tool mandrel,

51 - sleeve groove for fixing the mandrel with the working tool. The inventive device is illustrated by the following materials.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device with a partial longitudinal section, illustrating the interaction of the rack 11 located on the sleeve 2 and the gear 10 located outside the housing 1, and the location of the ruler 13 with numeric indexes outside the housing.

FIG. 2 (view A from Fig. 1) is a side view of the device, which explains the relative position of the housing 1 and the gear 10 of the rack and pinion (the mandrel 21 for fastening the tool is conventionally not shown).

FIG. 3 shows the slot 14 of the housing 1, which ensures the interaction of the gear 10 with the rack 11 (a fragment of the type B from Fig. 1, the gear and its fastening elements on the housing are conventionally not shown).

FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the device (section B-B from Fig. 1), showing the interaction of the spring 8 with the housing 1 and the sleeve 2 and the location of the driver 7 relative to the body 1 and the sleeve 2.

FIG. 5 shows the location of the slot 22 of the sleeve relative to the longitudinal slot 6 of the body and the tip 23 of the shank of the cutting tool mandrel 21.

The proposed device is arranged as follows.

The device contains (see Fig. 1-3) a housing 1, a cylindrical sleeve 2 and a rack and pinion.

The body 1 of the device is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the first end of which is open, and the second is deaf. The body 1 is equipped with a shank 3, made in the form of a cone and placed on the second end of the body 1 for fixing the device in the quill of the tailstock of the lathe. In the most preferred embodiment of the device, the shank is made in the form of a Morse taper.

The sleeve 2 with a cylindrical outer surface is placed in the body 1 with the possibility of movement along it, which can be ensured by making the outer surface of the sleeve and the inner surface of the body with tolerances corresponding, for example, to a sliding or running fit. The device is equipped with a compressed spring 8, placed inside the body between the sleeve 2 and the blind end of the body (see Fig. 4).

The sleeve is equipped with an internal longitudinal hole 5 (see Fig. 4), the surface of which is made in the form of a cone for attaching the mandrel 21 with a working tool (not shown conventionally). In the most preferred embodiment of the device, the inner longitudinal bore 5 of the sleeve is made in the form of a Morse taper.

The rack transmission includes a gear 10, which is attached to the housing 1, interacting with each other, and a rack 11, which is located on the bushing 2 (see Figs. 1-3).

The pinion gear 10 of the rack and pinion (see Fig. 2) is installed on an axis fixed on the outside of the housing 1 on the ears 20 of the housing. It is advisable to provide the unit for connecting the pinion pin 10 with the housing lugs 20 with bronze bushings. The gear 10 is passed through the slot 14 of the housing 1 to enable interaction with the rack 11 located on the bushing 2. The bushing 2 is displaced by acting on the gear axle of torque from the handwheel or lever, which can be fixed on the square spike 9 of the gear 10 axle.

In addition, the housing 1 is provided with two longitudinal grooves 6 located diametrically opposite to each other and extending along the axis 4 of the housing. Most preferably, the grooves 6 are arranged parallel to the tool axis 4, as shown in FIG. 14.

In the most preferred embodiment, the sleeve of the device can be provided with two slots 22: in the cross-section, the slots 22 are aligned with the longitudinal slots 6 of the body (see Fig. 4), in the longitudinal direction, the slots 22 are placed so that the wedge-shaped tool can mechanically act on the tip 23 of the mandrel shank 21 of the cutting tool as shown in FIG. 5.

A through hole 12 is made in the bushing of the device and is located near the rear end of the bushing. In this case, the device is provided with a leash 7, passed through the hole 12 of the bushing and through the grooves 6 of the housing to the outside of the housing, as shown in Fig. 4. Hole 12 and leash 7 can be made with tolerances corresponding to a tight or slip fit.

In addition, the device can be equipped with a metal ruler 13 or other similar element, which allows you to control the position of the sleeve and the mandrel with the cutting tool relative to the body according to the position of the driver 7 relative to the ruler.

The device works as follows.

Before starting work, the bushing 2 with the Morse cone necessary for operation is inserted into the body and fixed inside the body by a leash 7 passed into the through hole 12 of the sleeve 2. At the same time, a spring 8 is installed inside the body between its blind end and the sleeve.

A mandrel with a cutting tool is installed in the inner hole of the sleeve.

The fixture is mounted in the lathe tailstock quill using a Morse taper shank.

The workpiece to be processed is fixed in the chuck of the lathe and rotational movement is imparted to it.

By the action of the lever handle or the handwheel on the tetrahedral spike 9, the gear is given rotation, from which the movement is transmitted to the cylindrical sleeve 2 with the working tool fixed in the mandrel 21, the working tool is introduced into the working area. When the sleeve moves relative to the body, the leash 7 moves along the body slots along the axis of the device, which prevents the sleeve with the working tool from rotating relative to the axis of the device.

The front end of the cutting tool is brought to the end of the workpiece, creating the necessary interference for cutting the tool into the workpiece. The linear movement of the tool can be controlled by the position of the driver relative to the ruler 13 with digital indices.

When performing work, a compressed spring 8 presses the working tool against the workpiece.

When plunging, the tool moves by self-tightening (translational movement). In this case, the cylindrical sleeve with the tool moves in the body of the device and is pressed against it due to the cutting force.

When machining a part, it is possible to regulate the feed of the tool input into the working area and its output in a short period of time by movements of the handle, ensuring the maintenance of the working tool - cleaning, blowing, lubrication and quick tool change.

At the end of the cutting process, the rotation of the machine spindle is switched to reverse and the tool is self-unscrewing, transferring the reverse axial movement to the cylindrical sleeve in the body.

If it is necessary to replace the cutting tool, the mandrel 21 is removed from the housing, while, if necessary, jamming of the mandrel with the working tool in the bushing can be overcome by acting on the mandrel through the grooves 6 of the housing and slots 22 of the bushing with a wedge-shaped tool. Then another working tool can be fixed in the mandrel.

If it is necessary to disassemble the device, the leash 7 is removed from the sleeve, and the sleeve is removed from the body.

The operation of the manufactured device showed the high efficiency of the proposed design for working with a variety of cutting tools (taps, dies, reamers, rolling, thread-cutting heads, rotating centers) for performing a wide range of operations (threading, centering, drilling, including drilling with small diameter drills, drilling in straight end face of a blind hole, boring, countersinking, sizing, counter boring, boring, tube flaring, roller rolling for finishing and compaction of the surface layer of holes).

Claims (5)

1. A device for mounting a tool on a lathe, comprising a body made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the first end of which is made open, a cylindrical sleeve placed in the body with the possibility of movement along it, while the first end of the sleeve is provided with an internal longitudinal hole, the surface of which made in the form of a cone with a possibility of connection with a tool, a rack and pinion transmission, including a rack placed on the bushing and interacting through a slot in the housing with a gear fixed on the outer surface of the housing and made to provide for the perception of torque, characterized in that the second end of the housing is made deaf and connected to a tapered shank, made with the possibility of attachment to a metal-cutting machine, while a compressed spring is placed between the blind end of the body and the sleeve, the body is equipped with two longitudinal grooves located diametrically opposite to each other and stretched along body parallel to the axis of the device, the device contains a leash, the sleeve is provided with a through transverse hole, while the leash is passed through the grooves of the body and the specified hole of the sleeve and is made with the possibility of movement along the grooves of the body and the possibility of removal from the hole of the sleeve. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the sleeve is made with two slots aligned in cross-section with the longitudinal grooves of the body, and placed in the longitudinal direction with the possibility of mechanical action with a wedge-shaped tool on the tip of the shank of the cutting tool. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the body shank is made in the form of a Morse taper. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the inner longitudinal bore of the sleeve is made in the form of a Morse taper. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is provided with a linear scale applied along one of its longitudinal grooves.

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