RU207888U1 - DENTAL IMPLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medicine, in particular to dentistry, and can be used for the manufacture of dental implants. The task of the utility model is to increase the reliability of fixation of the implant in the bone tissue, reduce tissue trauma during installation. The task is solved by the fact that the dental implant contains an intraosseous part, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, at the lower end of which there are longitudinal cuts, and in its cavity there is a cylindrical spacer element with a rounded distal cone, with the possibility of axial movement along a screw thread made on the body of the spacer element and in the upper part of the wall of the cylinder cavity; petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder so that they can interact with the distal end of the spacer; an abutment, and in the lower part of the wall of the hollow cylinder, two longitudinal cuts are made opposite each other with a height equal to 4/5 of the diameter of the cylinder cavity; a transverse groove is made in the outer wall of the cylinder in the upper quarter of the longitudinal sections, in which the ring is located; in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part there are two petals made in the form of lamellar isosceles obtuse triangles with an angle of 95-100 °, the sides of which are equal to 3/4 of the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part; in the region of the apex of the triangles, circular holes are made, in which the ring is freely placed; the planes of the petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part parallel to each other at an equal distance from the axis of the cavity; the outer sides of the triangles of the petals, located in the slots, have sharpened edges and do not protrude above the surface of the intraosseous part; the abutment contains a coronal part rigidly connected to a base made in the form of a hemisphere, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder of the intraosseous part of the implant; the lower surface of the base is rigidly connected with a spacer element that freely contacts the inner sides of the petals.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of medicine, namely to surgical dentistry and dental implantation.

Known dental implant, which consists of an intraosseous element, a temporary protective element and a permanent head. The intraosseous element to match the shape of the molar socket of the lower jaw is made in the form of a flat trident, the central tooth of which is cylindrical, and the two lateral teeth are flat, and along the axis of the cylindrical tooth there is a threaded hole intended for a temporary protective element made in the form of a bolt serving as a functional the engraftment period, subsequently, in the functional period, replaced by a permanent head, which is a bolt, passing through the neck into the head. The lateral flat teeth can be asymmetrical. One of them is larger in height and smaller in length, and the second tooth is made smaller in height and larger in length (Patent for invention RU No. 2097004 IPC A61C 8/00, 1997).

Known dental implant containing an endosal part, made in the form of a sleeve, and a coronal part in the form of a stump with a rod located in the cavity of the sleeve along its axis, while the stump in the lower part is made with a protrusion of 1.5-2.5 mm in height of the endosal part , and a two-layer coating of porous and dense corundum is applied over the entire surface of the stump; the rod and the inner surface of the sleeve are threaded (Patent for invention RU No. 2111720, MKI6 A61C 8/00, published in bulletin No. 15 of 05/27/98).

Known dental implant containing an intraosseous part and a cone-shaped stump, and a locking part made in the form of a cylindrical rod in the form of a manual drive for a contra-angle handpiece is attached to the cone-shaped stump, and a corkscrew process is attached to the lower surface of the intraosseous part, made in the form of a reverse truncated cone, the number of turns of the spiral of which is selected from the condition of atrophy and the height of the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws (Patent for utility model RU No. 39071 IPC А61С 8/00, 2004).

Known dental implant containing an intraosseous part and a conical stump, and the intraosseous part is made in the form of a hemisphere, from which a cylinder departs, to which short processes in the form of small teeth are attached, directed towards the oral cavity, against the direction of immersion, the number of which, as well as the diameter hemispheres are selected from the conditions of atrophy and height (Patent for utility model RU No. 113140 IPC А61С 8/00, 2012).

Known dental implant (Patent for invention RU No. 2026030 MKI6 A61C 8/00, publ. 10.01.95, bull. No. 1), containing an intraosseous part, the free end of which has longitudinal cuts with the formation of petals, a crown part with a seating head and a spacer with a rounded distal end, while along the axis of the intraosseous part, a channel is made with a spacer element located therein, the distal end of which is configured to interact with the lobes of the intraosseous part. The dental implant is equipped with a connecting screw extending along the axis of the implant, and a thread for a spacer in the form of a screw is made in the channel of the intraosseous part.

The device was accepted by us as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the known devices is the low degree of fixation, and significant trauma to the tissues surrounding the implant during their installation.

The task of the utility model is to improve the reliability of the implant fixation, to reduce tissue damage during the implantation.

The problem is solved by the fact that a dental implant is used, which contains an intraosseous part made in the form of a hollow cylinder, at the lower end of which there are longitudinal cuts, and in its cavity there is a cylindrical spacer element with a rounded distal end, with the possibility of axial movement along a screw thread, made on the body of the spacer and in the upper part of the wall of the cavity of the cylinder; petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder so that they can interact with the distal end of the spacer; an abutment, and in the lower part of the wall of the hollow cylinder, two longitudinal cuts are made opposite each other with a height equal to 4/5 of the diameter of the cylinder cavity; a transverse groove is made in the outer wall of the cylinder in the upper quarter of the longitudinal sections, in which the ring is located; in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part there are two petals made in the form of lamellar isosceles obtuse triangles with an angle of 95-100 °, the sides of which are equal to 3/4 of the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part; in the region of the apex of the triangles, circular holes are made, in which the ring is freely placed; the planes of the petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part parallel to each other at an equal distance from the axis of the cavity; the outer sides of the triangles of the petals, located in the slots (2), have sharpened edges and do not protrude above the surface of the intraosseous part; the abutment contains a coronal part rigidly connected to a base made in the form of a hemisphere, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder of the intraosseous part of the implant; the lower surface of the base is rigidly connected with a spacer element that freely contacts the inner sides of the petals.

FIG. 1 shows the intraosseous part of a dental implant.

FIG. 2 shows an abutment and a spacer.

FIG. 3 shows the placement of the petals in the cylinder cavity of the intraosseous part of the dental implant.

FIG. 4 shows a general view of a dental implant.

FIG. 5 shows a general view of a dental implant (operation).

The dental implant contains an intraosseous part (1), made in the form of a hollow cylinder, at the lower end of which there are longitudinal cuts (2), and in its cavity there is a spacer element (3) of a cylindrical shape with a rounded distal end, with the possibility of axial movement along a screw thread (4) made on the body of the spacer and in the upper part of the wall of the cylinder cavity; petals (5) are placed in the cavity of the cylinder with the possibility of interacting with the distal end of the spacer element (3); an abutment (6), and in the lower part of the wall of the hollow cylinder (1) two longitudinal cuts (2) are made opposite each other with a height equal to 4/5 of the diameter of the cylinder cavity; a transverse groove (7) is made in the outer wall of the cylinder (1) in the upper quarter of the longitudinal cuts (2), in which the ring (8) is located; in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part there are two petals (5) made in the form of lamellar isosceles obtuse triangles, with an angle of 95-100 °, the sides of which are equal to 3/4 of the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part; in the area of the apex of the triangles there are round holes (9), in which the ring (8) is freely placed; the planes of the petals (5) are placed in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part parallel to each other at an equal distance from the axis of the cavity; the outer sides of the triangles of the petals (9), located in the slots (2), have sharpened edges and do not protrude above the surface of the intraosseous part (1); the abutment (6) contains the coronal part (10) rigidly connected to the base (11), made in the form of a hemisphere, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder of the intraosseous part of the implant (1); the lower surface of the base (11) is rigidly connected to the spacer (3), which freely contacts the inner sides of the petals (5).

Device operation.

An incision is made in the mucosa and periosteum of a rounded shape, in the region of the most protruding part of the alveolar ridge, the bone is exposed, a hole is formed using a special cutter, after which the intraosseous part (1) of the dental implant, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, is inserted into the hole under pressure, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, at the lower end which contains longitudinal cuts (2), and a spacer element (3) of a cylindrical shape with a rounded distal end is placed in its cavity. Using a screw thread (4) made on the body of the spacer and in the upper part of the wall of the cylinder cavity, the spacer (3) is axially displaced together with the abutment (6) and the crown part (10), rigidly connected to the base (11) and made in the form of a hemisphere, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder of the intraosseous part of the implant (1); the lower surface of the base (11) is rigidly connected to the spacer (3), which freely contacts the inner sides of the petals (5). When moving downward, the spacer (3) produces increasing pressure on the inner ribs of the petals (5), made in the form of lamellar isosceles obtuse triangles, with an angle of 95-100 °, the sides of which are equal to 3/4 of the inner diameter of the cylinder cavity of the intraosseous part, which leads to them to rotate around the ring (8), which is located in the transverse groove (7), made in the outer wall of the cylinder (1) in the upper quarter of the longitudinal cuts (2) and located in the circular holes (9) of the petals. The planes of the petals (5) are placed in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part parallel to each other at an equal distance from the axis of the cavity, which allows free rotation of the petals without touching each other and other elements of the device (Fig. 3). The outer sides of the triangles of the petals (9), placed in the slots (2), have sharpened edges and, when pulled out from the longitudinal incisions (2) above the surface of the intraosseous part (1), are introduced into the underlying bone tissue (Fig. 5). The unfolded petals ensure firm fixation of the intraosseous part of the implant (1) in the socket, and subsequently provide optimal conditions for the integration of bone tissue into the material of the intraosseous part and the petals. At the same time, the installation and fixation of the implant does not lead to major injuries.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be used as a material for the manufacture of the intraosseous part (1) and petals (9), and titanium alloy for all other elements of the device.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an aromatic compound, a solid semi-crystalline thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties and elasticity similar to bone tissue, as well as having good biocompatibility. It has a low coefficient of friction, which also ensures easy advancement of the petal (9) in the bone tissue.

Polyetheretherketone has a number of advantages that distinguish it from other materials used for the production of implantable products [The use of polyetheretherketone in medicine and other industries. Review / S.V. Sheremetyev [and others] // Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University. - 2012 .-- T. 15, no. 20. - S. 164-167., PEEK Biomaterials. Handbook / Ed. S. Kurtz. - New York: World Plastics Library, Elsevier, 2011. - 306 p.]:

is biologically inert material;

about 3 times lighter than titanium;

possesses high mechanical strength (composite materials based on polyetheretherketone), comparable in performance to titanium alloys;

has the highest fatigue strength (ten times higher than that of metal products);

the modulus of elasticity of the material is close to that of human bone tissue, which prevents or minimizes the development of stress-shielding syndrome of bone tissue in the area of the implanted product;

is a radiolucent material;

products implanted into the body allow computed and magnetic resonance imaging with a minimum amount of artifacts;

possesses high chemical and physical resistance (products can be sterilized by steam under pressure, ethylene oxide, gamma radiation).

Claims (1)

A dental implant containing an intraosseous part, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, at the lower end of which there are longitudinal cuts, and in its cavity there is a cylindrical spacer element with a rounded distal end, with the possibility of axial movement along a screw thread made on the body of the spacer element and in the upper part of the wall of the cylinder cavity; petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder so that they can interact with the distal end of the spacer; an abutment, characterized in that in the lower part of the wall of the hollow cylinder, two longitudinal cuts are made opposite each other with a height equal to 4/5 of the diameter of the cylinder cavity; a transverse groove is made in the outer wall of the cylinder in the upper quarter of the longitudinal sections, in which the ring is located; in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part there are two petals made in the form of lamellar isosceles obtuse triangles with an angle of 95-100 °, the sides of which are equal to 3/4 of the inner diameter of the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part; in the region of the apex of the triangles, circular holes are made, in which the ring is freely placed; the planes of the petals are placed in the cavity of the cylinder of the intraosseous part parallel to each other at an equal distance from the axis of the cavity; the outer sides of the triangles of the petals, located in the slots, have sharpened edges and do not protrude above the surface of the intraosseous part; the abutment contains a coronal part rigidly connected to a base made in the form of a hemisphere, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder of the intraosseous part of the implant; the lower surface of the base is rigidly connected with a spacer element that freely contacts the inner sides of the petals.

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