RU194725U1 - Multi-tier plant growing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of crop production, in particular, to devices for growing plants on an artificial substrate. A useful model of a multi-tiered sectional device is intended for growing plants mainly of vegetable and berry crops, seedlings of fruit and vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, cucumber, etc.), as well as medicinal and ornamental plants. It contains a rack installation with block sections of rails mounted in tiers on four racks, a light control system consisting of a group of light sources in each section with the possibility of their installation and removal during plant care, as well as a plant nutrition system, including a tank with a nutrient solution, pumps, a pipeline for supplying a nutrient solution in the section and distributing it in the nests of the nutrient pipe.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of crop production, in particular, to devices for growing plants on an artificial substrate using a lighting system, mainly vegetable and berry crops, seedlings of fruit and vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, cucumber, etc.), as well as medicinal and ornamental plants .

Known collapsible multi-tier device rack type for growing plants (see patent for PM 18610, IPC A01G 31/02, A01G 9/02). The known device contains sections of shelves mounted in tiers on four racks. The racks are made detachable in height and are connected by jumpers and couplers installed with the possibility of moving along the racks and fixing in any place. On each pair of couplers of one level, a shelf or at least two rods with the possibility of removal are installed. On each additional jumper or on one of the couplers of each pair of couplers of one level, a light source is installed with the possibility of fixing and removing. The upper ends of the racks are connected to each other with the possibility of fixing and detaching.

The disadvantage of this device is that the collapsible design does not provide uniform illumination of plants and is characterized by significant light loss.

A known group of inventions, including a device and a collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in a protected ground, (see patent for invention 2391812, IPC A01G 9/00, A01G 9/24). The known device for growing plants contains a system of cultivation of plants, including a vertical multi-tiered rack installation for vegetation trays with plants, systems for creating the required climatic and light modes, the latter is created, but by at least one light source, configured to move up and down between the tiers of the rack installation, and a means of providing continuous reverse movement of the light source between tiers during the period of plant irradiation. This device uses one-sided lateral illumination of plants, which is practically unsuitable for dense cenoses of low-growing plants. In this case, it is much more efficient to grow plants in overhead lighting. In addition, there is no information about the level of uniformity and irradiation achieved, which does not allow us to assess the possible effectiveness of the device.

A known group of inventions, including a frame in the form of triangular frames from pairwise connected crossbars with trays for growing plants attached to them (see USSR patent N 1785415, class A01G 31/02, 1990).

A disadvantage of the known hydroponic installation is its limited functionality, low return from one m ^{2 of} production area.

Known closest to the claimed technical solution, but a combination of essential features and adopted as a PROTOTYPE device for growing plants in a protected ground (see Patent for invention 1664197 A1, IPC A01G 31/02). The device includes inclined supply pipelines and additional inclined pipelines located above them in several tiers. The tank for the nutrient solution is connected to the supply piping and equipped with a pump. Between the tiers are placed additional tanks for solution, connected to the pipelines of adjacent tiers, equipped with float valves. A pump from the tank pumps the solution into an additional tank of the upper tier, after which the float valve opens, allowing a portion of the solution to flow through the upper tier pipeline and turn off the pump. After emptying the upper tank, the pump switches on again.

The disadvantages of the known device are the irrational use of light and uneven illumination of plants, which leads to lower yields and high energy costs, in addition, the location of additional tanks with a valve system at each level complicates the design.

EFFECT: increased productivity of a hydroponic installation and simplicity of a design solution.

The technical result is achieved by growing plants of two or more crops simultaneously in a multi-tiered rack installation with closed block sections equipped with supply pipelines. Each block section contains two tiers of inclined feed pipelines, through which the nutrient solution runs automatically by gravity with an automatic power supply system to the upper tier of each block section. Lighting sources are located in the upper part of each section with the ability to quickly change their number and type depending on the crop grown.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for hydroponic growing plants; in FIG. 2 block section; in FIG. 3 - feed pipe with a socket, longitudinal section.

A multi-tier sectional device for growing plants contains a frame 1, which is the basis for tiered mounted block sections 2. Each block section 2 contains light sources 3 and two tiers of inclined feed lines 4 with nests 5 for plants having their own automated nutrient solution supply system. Light sources 3 (from 4 to 12 pieces, but most often from 4 to 8) are installed in the upper part of each section and have automatic control. From the tank 6 by pumps through the pipes 7, the nutrient solution is supplied to the collectors 8 in the upper tier of each block section, mounted on the guides 9. From the collectors 8, the nutrient solution is supplied through the supply pipe 4 to the roots of the plants installed in the nests, while inside the feed pipe a layer of water-retaining material. The feed solution along the upper tier of the block section enters the lower tier of the block section by gravity and then returns to the tank 6 saturated with nutrients and air from the installed aerator 10. The vertical struts of the frame 1 are equipped with adjusting supports 11 to ensure the vertical position of the device on an uneven floor. The control panel 12 can be placed on the frame 1, but ballasts for light sources and pump control removed from the device.

A device for growing plants works as follows. According to the cultivated culture, light sources 3 are installed and a nutrient solution is poured into the tank 6, while the configuration of the light sources 3 (type, electric power, number in the section), providing the appropriate parameters of the light medium (average irradiation, uniformity coefficient of light, spectral density of irradiation) choose taking into account the physiological characteristics of the planted culture.

Seedlings or seeds are planted in the nests of the supply pipe. From the tank 6, with the help of pumps, the nutrient solution is automatically fed into the manifolds 8 and then into the hoses leaving them connected to the supply pipelines of the upper tier of the block section.

The proposed design provides the optimal space to accommodate a number of vegetable, flower and fruit crops. At the same time, the supply of the nutrient solution, as well as its volumes, is under full control, which also makes it universal in relation to a number of similar plants. Due to the closed system, only those elements that were introduced into the water get into the root zone, moreover, in the proportions given earlier. In addition, a closed nutrient solution supply system prevents its flowering, and forced air saturation decomposition and thorough mixing. In addition, the installation differs from most similar methods for placing plants in nests, where the main root system in the first periods of growth and development is not placed in the pipe, but in a special technological pot, which is very useful for constant monitoring of the condition of the roots, as well as a possible solution to the problem pathogens. Due to the optimal mounting design, it is possible to install from 4 to 12 pieces of light sources on one tier, which, unlike similar installations, makes it universal in relation to the location and degree of natural light. Two separate isolated sections of this installation allow you to simultaneously cultivate two completely opposite crops, which is optimal in low-volume production.

After planting seedlings of plants or seed germination include a group of light sources 3 of the corresponding block section 2. When the plants reach a height of 20 ÷ 25 cm, they are tied, if necessary.

Claims (1)

A multi-tiered sectional plant growing device comprising a multi-tiered shelving unit with closed block sections from nutrient pipelines with plants, each block section contains two tiers of inclined nutrient pipelines through which the nutrient solution runs by gravity, and light sources located at the top of each section with the ability to quickly change their number and type depending on the crop, and the device is made with an automatic power supply system in the upper tier of each block section, allowing the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously.

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