RU183814U1 - BICONIC CENTRIFUGE - Google Patents

Abstract

, где

- число Фруда, а ω и R - угловая скорость и радиус центрифуги. Техническим результатом решения полезной модели является достижение эффективного повышения положительного вклада центробежных сил в процесс выделения примеси из жидкости при одновременном упрощении конструкции центрифуги.

The utility model relates to devices designed to separate mixtures under the action of centrifugal forces and can be used in chemical, engineering and other fields. A biconical centrifuge, including a housing (rotor) mounted on bearings, a pulley mounted on the axis of the rotor, a supply tube and a system for draining purified liquid. Moreover, its body is made in the form of two expanding cones having a common axis and facing each other symmetrically, the taper angle of which is 10-15 ° greater than the angle

where

is the Froude number, and ω and R are the angular velocity and radius of the centrifuge. The technical result of solving the utility model is to achieve an effective increase in the positive contribution of centrifugal forces to the process of separation of impurities from the liquid while simplifying the design of the centrifuge.

Description

The utility model relates to devices designed to separate mixtures under the action of centrifugal forces, and can be used in chemical, engineering and other fields.

, где U - скорость движения частицы в жидкости, см/сек; А - разность массовых плотностей частицы и жидкости, г⋅сек²/см⁴; R - радиус вращения, см; ω - угловая скорость, рад/сек; μ - динамический коэффициент вязкости жидкости, г⋅сек/см²; r - радиус осаждаемых частиц, см.A known design of a centrifuge (RU 2283698, IPC B04B1 / 12 01/10/2006) for separating a liquid from a solid fraction, comprising a cylindrical screw turning into a conical rotor, an auger for unloading a solid fraction through openings, a supply tube and a liquid outlet system. Liquid separation occurs in the field of centrifugal accelerations. Solid particles thrown onto the rotor wall are transported by a screw to the discharge windows and are removed from the rotor. The calculation of the fineness of cleaning liquids in centrifuges is based on a well-developed theory of the deposition of spherical particles in a liquid, in particular, using the Stokes formula for a centrifugal field:

where U is the particle velocity in the liquid, cm / sec; A - the difference in mass densities of particles and liquids, g⋅sec ² / cm ⁴ ; R is the radius of rotation, cm; ω is the angular velocity, rad / sec; μ - dynamic coefficient of fluid viscosity, g жидкостиsec / cm ² ; r is the radius of the deposited particles, see

For theoretical calculations, the rate of ablation of deposited particles by a stream, many researchers [1] use the formula V.I. Sokolova [2].

In the design of the rotor with a cone, cylindrical or tapering to the bottom, a component of centrifugal force acts on the solid particles, not contributing to or even preventing them from moving to the discharge windows.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a centrifuge (RU 2200634, IPC B04B 1/10 B0 / 410 B11 / 02, 2001), containing a rotor consisting of two cone-shaped plates facing one another with large bases, the lower of which is mounted with the possibility of axial displacement for sludge discharge. A disk is placed inside the rotor, dividing its internal space into two parts, on which the blades are mounted.

The main disadvantage of this device is the fact that the main idea of centrifuges is to use centrifugal forces to move the separated particles across the suspension flow. In this device, this principle is significantly violated. In fact, due to the large taper angle of the rotor plates, the action of centrifugal forces is directed not across, but almost along the stream. Further, the presence of a disk dividing the rotor into two parts leads to the formation of a narrow gap between the rotor and the disk. Just this place is designed to collect the emitted particles. But due to the narrowness of the passage in this place, local axial velocities reach maximum values, which leads to the inevitable capture and removal of particles from their accumulation to the lower part of the rotor. In addition, the presence of blades on the same disk leads to additional turbulization of the flow and exacerbation of the described negative effects.

The task to which the claimed technical proposal is directed is to simplify the design of the centrifuge and increase the efficiency of the use of centrifugal forces.

, где

- число Фруда, а ω и R - угловая скорость и радиус центрифуги. Это условие означает превышение компоненты центробежной силы, направленной в сторону щели и продвигающей сепарируемые частицы в этом направлении над аналогичной компонентой силы тяжести, препятствующей этому. Щель между конусами образована для приема выделяемой взвеси. Щель перекрывается торообразным каналом, который соединяет обе части корпуса и имеет отверстия для выпуска взвеси. Взвесь накапливается в бункере, из которого удаляется через отверстия.The problem is solved due to the fact that the rotor is made in the form of two cones facing each other with wide bases, and the angle of their taper by 10-15 ° exceeds the angle

where

is the Froude number, and ω and R are the angular velocity and radius of the centrifuge. This condition means the excess of the component of the centrifugal force directed towards the gap and advancing the separated particles in this direction over the similar component of gravity, preventing this. The gap between the cones is formed to receive the allocated suspension. The slit is blocked by a toroidal channel that connects both parts of the housing and has openings for the release of suspended matter. Suspension accumulates in the hopper, from which it is removed through openings.

The technical result of solving the utility model is to achieve an effective increase in the positive contribution of centrifugal forces to the process of separation of impurities from the liquid while simplifying the design of the centrifuge.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings: FIG. 1 - FIG. 3. FIG. 1 is a diagram of the forces acting on a heavy particle: a) at the side wall of a centrifuge; b) components of centrifugal force; c) the total force acting on the particle (the case of a cone tapering down); d) the case of a cone expanding downward. FIG. 2 is a view from the side of a longitudinal section along the axis of the proposed model. FIG. 3 is a diagram of the proposed new model with a curly axial insert.

, где

- число Фруда, а ω и R - угловая скорость и радиус центрифуги. На оси ротора установлен на подшипниках шкив (3). Между коническими корпусами выполнена щель (2) для приемки сгущенной фракции. Кроме того, оба корпуса соединены торообразным каналом (8) для приемки выделяемой фракции, откуда она выводится через отверстия (10) в бункер (9) и затем через отверстия (11).The biconical centrifuge contains a housing (which is a rotor), consisting of two conically expanding parts (1) and (7) having a common axis and facing each other symmetrically, the taper angle of which is 10-15 degrees higher than the value

where

is the Froude number, and ω and R are the angular velocity and radius of the centrifuge. A pulley (3) is mounted on bearings of the rotor. A gap (2) is made between the conical bodies for receiving the condensed fraction. In addition, both cases are connected by a toroidal channel (8) for receiving the allocated fraction, from where it is discharged through the holes (10) into the hopper (9) and then through the holes (11).

A supply pipe (4) is brought to a narrow part of the housing. In the lower part of the housing is a pipe (6), configured to discharge the clarified fraction (5).

The axial region with small values of centrifugal accelerations is made in the form of a symmetrical lenticular shaped insert (solid or hollow).

The centrifuge operates as follows. The rotor is rotated through a pulley (3). The liquid to be cleaned is fed through the supply pipe (4) to the upper part of the rotor (1), where centrifugal forces develop. Heavy particles are thrown to the periphery and slide along the walls of the rotor (1) to the gap (2) between the upper (1) and lower (7) parts of the rotor housing to exit from it, which is facilitated by the centrifugal force component due to the part expanding towards the bottom ( 1) rotor. Particles penetrated into the lower part (7) of the rotor housing are also discarded to the wall and under the action of the centrifugal force components move up and fall into the slot (2). The slot (2) is blocked by a channel (8) connecting both parts of the housing, which serves as a suspension drive. It is removed from the drive through openings (10). The clarified liquid is removed from the centrifuge through a nozzle (6) located inside the structure with holes (5). The suspension is received by the hopper (9), from which it is discharged through the holes (11).

Since centrifugal accelerations are small in the axial region of the centrifuge, it is advisable to exclude it by a curly insert.

Claims (2)

1. A biconical centrifuge, comprising a rotor-shaped housing mounted on bearings, a pulley mounted on the rotor axis, a supply pipe and a purified fluid drainage system, characterized in that its housing is made in the form of two expanding cones having a common axis and facing each other to each other with large bases, the taper angle of which is 10-15 ° higher than the angle

where

is the Froude number, and ω and R are the angular velocity and radius of the centrifuge, with the formation of a gap overlapped by the storage channel connecting both parts of the housing and serving to accumulate in it a released suspension discharged through the holes. 2. The biconical centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the region with small values of centrifugal accelerations is made in the form of a symmetric axial lenticular shaped insert made in accordance with FIG. 3.

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