RU1806222C - Electrolyzer for water decomposition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can also be used in electrolysis plants for the production of medical oxygen for respiration, in plants for the production of oxygen and hydrogen for industrial purposes. In an electrolytic cell for decomposing water containing basic and remote electrodes, diaphragms, gaskets and channels for supplying and discharging working media, between the contact anodes and cathodes the main electrodes are made of aluminum, insulated from working media by gaskets and protruding beyond the cell cell, while the gaskets cells in the middle part of the inner side have grooves for installing a diaphragm: ragm, individual channels for removing gases from cells and supplying electrolyte to them are made in the body of adjacent main sheets in the form of a groove In which spacers are installed, at station rip flanges fitted outer surface of the ring-compensated Satoru. 1 C.p. f-ls, 4 ill.

Description

The invention can be applied to electrolysis plants for the production of medical oxygen for respiration, in plants for the production of oxygen and hydrogen used for cutting, welding, brazing and heat treatment of materials, as well as in plants for the production of oxygen and hydrogen for industrial purposes, mainly of low productivity.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the cell and reduce weight and size characteristics.

Figure 1-4 shows the design of the proposed cell,

The electrolyzer consists of rigid rings designed to tighten the elastic rings-compensators, working electrodes 2, pressed to the remote electrodes 3 and the main sheets of the electrodes 4, spacers 5, insulating tight flanges from the main sheets 4, diaphragms b,

laid between the working electrodes 2, the compression flanges 7 and the expansion rings 8, the gaskets 9 and 10 located between the electrodes 3, the compression bolts 11 and the nuts 12.

The electrolyzer has common channels for supplying electrolyte (A and B) and exhaust gases (C and D). The individual channels for supplying electrolyte D and exhaust gases E are shown in the drawing for only one gas. The individual channels for another gas are identical to those shown in the drawing.

The cell operates as follows. The electrolyzer is charged with an electrolyte (33% aqueous KOH solution or water - when using solid polymer electrolyte as diaphragms).

When a constant electric current is supplied to the electrolyzer, the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen immediately occurs. Gases through openings in the remote

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electrodes 3 and channels E with an electrolyte enter a common gas channel B (D), and the electrolyte is returned to the electrolyzer through channels A (B) and individual channels. ly D.

The diaphragms 6 are securely fixed by the internal grooves of the gaskets 9 and provide reliable separation of the anode and cathode spaces of the cells.

The heat generated in the electrolysis zone (at the points of contact between the working electrodes 2 and the diaphragm and the diaphragms 6) is removed to the electrodes 3 through the working electrodes 2 and the gas-liquid mixture generated in the cells during electrolysis, then the heat from the electrodes 3 is transferred to the main sheets 4 and the latter is removed to their periphery, which protrudes beyond the electrolyser package. From sheets 4, heat is removed by convective heat transfer to the environment.

During operation of the electrolyzer, as a rule, the compressive force of the sealing gaskets 9 and working electrodes 2 to the remote electrodes 3 and diaphragms b is reduced, which leads to a violation of the tightness of the electrolyzer, as well as to an increase in the ohmic resistance of the electrolysis cells and, consequently, an increase in voltage on the cells. In order to eliminate this undesirable phenomenon, compensating rings are installed in the electrolyzer, pressed to the clamping flanges 7 with the help of rigid rings 1 and clamping bolts 11 and nuts 12. If the contact between the working elements of the cells worsens, the compensators 8 due to their thickness and larger surface in comparison with gaskets 9; spread out, thereby providing the necessary compression of these elements.

The proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype will improve reliability and reduce weight and size characteristics of the cell due to the following technical solutions:

1. The organization of heat removal from the electrolysis cells using the main sheets of electrodes made of metal with high thermal conductivity and protruding beyond the package of the cell, which ensures uniform temperature of the electrolyte along the length of the package of the cell.

2. The implementation of the gaskets with an internal groove for the diaphragms eliminates the possibility of its displacement during assembly,

3. The introduction of elastic rings-compensators, providing a constant tightening of the gaskets and electrodes to the diaphragms.

4. Reducing the size of cells by thickness due to the proposed design of the channels. .

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Claims (2)

1. An electrolyzer for decomposing filter-type water, including clamp flanges, between which bipolar electrodes are installed, made of a base sheet and remote anodes and cathodes, gaskets, diaphragms, forming cells, holes are made in the main sheets, forming channels for supplying during assembly reagents and product withdrawal, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, the main sheets of bipolar electrodes are made of aluminum and protruding outside the cell, the holes are provided with O-rings Through gaskets, the cells are connected, grooves for installing the diaphragms are made in the middle parts with grooves made in the main sheet, with channels and in the gaskets in the middle parts. 2. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping flanges on the outside are provided with expansion rings made of gasket material with a thickness greater than the thickness of the gaskets and a surface 1.5-2 times larger than the sealing the surface of the gaskets of the cells, and rings with compensator rings are installed on the compensator rings.