RU184139U1 - Friction damper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles.

The task is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber.

The friction shock absorber (Fig. 2) contains a housing (1) with a neck (2) formed by its walls (3), and also with a bottom (4), in contact with which is located a back-retaining device (5), in contact with which is located friction unit, consisting of a pressure wedge (6), guide plates (8), contacting on both sides with their steel friction surfaces (f1, f2) with steel friction surfaces (f3) of the spacer wedges (7) and with steel friction surfaces (f4) movable plates (9) provided with side protrusions (11) and contact with their other steel friction surfaces (f5) with the walls (3) of the housing (1). Moreover, the steel friction surfaces (f1, f2) of the guide plates (8) are lubricated with solid lubricant, and the length (A) of the steel friction surfaces (f1) of the guide plates (8) is longer than the length (B) of the steel friction surfaces (f3) of the spacer wedges (7) .

The return-retaining device (5) further comprises a base plate (10) located in contact with the spacer wedges (7) and the movable plates (9).

On the guide plates (8), samples (13) are made covering the back-retaining device (5).

The lubrication of steel friction surfaces is ensured by the location of the solid lubricant inserts (12) on the guide plates (8) or on the spacer wedges (7), or in the walls (3) of the housing (1).

Description

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly for absorbing devices installed between railway cars.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent US 7540387, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/00, priority 08/10/2011, published 10/28/2014], comprising a friction assembly located in the housing, consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, movable plates and guide plates. The friction unit rests on a reciprocating device in the form of metal springs mounted on the bottom of the housing.

Such a friction unit is not very energy-intensive and efficient, which is due to the low force of the pressing wedges against the movable plates and guide plates. The lack of efficiency is due to the fact that the reciprocating device occupies the space only under the friction unit, in which it is impossible to arrange the springs with great effort.

This problem is solved in the friction shock absorber [2, Copyright certificate No. 253861], adopted as a prototype.

It contains a housing, on the bottom of which there is a reciprocating device made in the form of metal springs, in contact with which there is a friction unit consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, guide plates and movable plates. Due to the rational design of the friction unit, it is possible to install a reciprocating device of greater height and rigidity. This allows you to increase the energy intensity and efficiency of the friction shock absorber.

However, such an increase in the rigidity of the reciprocating device has a negative effect on the reliability of the device. At the end of the maximum compression stroke, there is an increase in spacer forces and forces caused by the work of friction forces, which leads to mutual setting, or “sticking”, of the surfaces of the friction unit parts. Most often, the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge are seized with spacer wedges, or spacer wedges with guide plates, or all of these parts at the same time. This leads to the fact that when the load is removed, the surfaces caught between each other or are disconnected with delay, or cannot be disconnected at all, since the force of the reciprocating device is insufficient to overcome the forces of mutual adhesion of the friction unit parts that are caught together. That is, the friction shock absorber is either stuck for some time, which impairs its performance, or completely stuck and unsuitable as a result of this to perform its functions.

In addition, the length of the friction surfaces of the guide plates is commensurate with the length of the mating friction surfaces of the spacer wedges. At the end of the working stroke of the friction shock absorber, when the spacer forces reach maximum values, a significant part of the spacer wedges hangs, i.e., the area of their mutual contact with the guide plates decreases. This reduces the effective area of energy absorption, and also decreases the stability of the position of the spacer wedges relative to the guide plates.

The above disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [2] reduce the efficiency and reliability of its operation.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber by achieving a technical result to prevent it from jamming, aimed at improving the work and increasing the energy intensity of such an energy-absorbing shock device.

The problem is solved in that the friction shock absorber comprising a housing with a neck formed by its walls, and also with a bottom in contact with which is a reciprocating device, in contact with which is a friction assembly consisting of a pressure wedge, guide plates in contact with steel friction surfaces with steel friction surfaces of spacer wedges and movable plates provided with lateral protrusions has a distinctive feature: said steel friction overhnosti guide plates smeared solid lubricant, wherein the length of steel friction surfaces of the guide plates greater than the length of the friction surfaces of the spacer steel wedges.

Such a distinguishing feature allows to obtain a high energy intensity of the friction shock absorber due to the large contact area of the expansion wedges with the guide plates, which is possible only with a significant length of their friction surfaces exceeding the length of the friction surfaces of the expansion wedges. This contributes to a uniform and more complete interaction of the friction surfaces, the distribution of spacer forces, as well as the smooth operation of the friction shock absorber. “Sticking” of friction surfaces is prevented by lubricating them with solid lubricant, for example, bronze of a special composition. Guide plates, movable plates and spacer wedges are made only of steel, without the use of cermets. It is useful to increase the durability and improve the performance of the friction shock absorber to carry out surface hardening of these parts, for example, cementation. In this case, the friction surfaces acquire wear-resistant properties, and along with the solid lubricant distributed over them, the necessary frictional properties are prevented from mutual "sticking". In addition, with surface hardening, the internal volume remains structurally unchanged, without the tendency to crack formation and other negative properties inherent in parts with volumetric heat treatment.

Additional features of the utility model:

- the back-retaining device further comprises a base plate located in contact with the spacer wedges and movable plates;

- on the guide plates made samples covering the back-retaining device;

- lubrication of steel friction surfaces of the guide plates is provided by the location on the guide plates of solid lubricant inserts;

- lubrication of the steel friction surfaces of the guide plates is provided by the location on the spacer wedges of the solid lubricant inserts;

- steel friction surfaces of the moving plates are also lubricated with solid lubricant in the form of solid lubricant inserts located on them;

- lubrication of the steel friction surfaces of the moving plates is ensured by the location of solid lubricant inserts in the walls of the housing;

- lubrication of the steel friction surfaces of the moving plates is ensured by the location of the solid lubricant inserts in the moving plates.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a top view of a friction damper according to a utility model; in Fig.2 shows a combined frontal section aa in Fig. 1, where the friction shock absorber in the initial state is shown on their left side, and in the fully compressed state on the right side; in FIG. 3 shows a section BB of FIG. 2 friction shock absorbers with coverage of the reciprocating device with samples on the guide plates; in FIG. 4 shows a combined frontal section AA in FIG. 1, where the frictional shock absorber in the initial state is shown on their left side, and in the fully compressed state with the location of the solid lubricant inserts in the spacer wedges and movable plates on the right side; in FIG. 5 shows a combined frontal section AA in FIG. 1, where the friction shock absorber in the initial state is shown on their left side, and in the fully compressed state with the location of the solid lubricant inserts in the walls of the housing on the right side.

Friction shock absorber (Fig. 1-5), contains a housing 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3, as well as with a bottom 4, in contact with which a back-retaining device 5 (conventionally shown by crossed straight lines) is located, in contact with which there is a friction assembly consisting of a pressure wedge 6, guide plates 8 in contact with their steel friction surfaces f1, f2 with steel friction surfaces f3, f4 of spacer wedges 7 and movable plates 9 provided with side protrusions 11. Reciprocating device 5 neighs the base plate 10 in contact with the side protrusions 11 of the movable plates 9 when the friction unit is brought back to its initial state.

The “sticking” of the friction surfaces f1-f5 is prevented by their lubrication with the help of solid lubricant inserts 12. These can be solid lubricant inserts 12 located in the guide plates 8 (Fig. 2), or in the spacer wedges 7 and the movable plates 9 (Fig. 4), or in the walls 3 of the housing 1 (Fig. 5). Reciprocating device 5 can be made in the form of one or more compression springs (Fig. 3), or in the form of elastic elements, as well as in a hydraulic or other device (not shown), it is possible to combine different types of devices and elements.

To ensure compactness and rationality of the location of the energy-intensive reciprocating device 5 in the housing 1, samples 13 are made on the guide plates 8 (Fig. 2-5), covering the reciprocating device 5.

The principle of operation of the friction shock absorber is based on the fact that when exposed to an external force P (Fig. 2, 4, 5, the right halves) applied to the pressure wedge 6, for example, from the side of the coupling device (not shown) when the cars collide, it compresses retaining device 5.

In this case, the friction unit is immersed inside the neck 2 of the housing 1. The pressure wedge 6 carries the spacer wedges 7 inside the housing 1.

At a certain period of the working stroke, the thrust plate of the car’s automatic coupler (not shown) begins to put pressure on the movable plates 9. Under the action of this force, they enter the body 1 with friction along the guide plates 8 and walls 3.

The expansion wedges 7, due to the slope on the guide plates 8, converge towards each other, sliding along them, as well as along the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge 6 and the base plate 10.

Due to the fact that the length A of the friction surfaces f1 of the guide plates 8 is greater than the length B of the friction surfaces f3 of the spacer wedges 7 (Fig. 2), as well as the fact that solid lubrication is used, the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber according to the utility model acquires a smooth appearance, with minor peaks , and energy absorption occurs uniformly over a large contact area.

When removing the external force P, the reciprocating device 5 is expanded, pushing the friction unit into its original state.

Information sources:

1. Patent US 7540387, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/00, priority 08/10/2011, published 10/28/2014.

2. Patent RU 2338100, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/14, priority 04/18/2006, published November 10, 2008 / prototype /.

Claims (2)

1. Friction shock absorber, comprising a housing (1) with a neck (2) formed by its walls (3), and also with a bottom (4), in contact with which a reciprocating device (5) is located, in contact with which there is a friction unit consisting of a pressure wedge (6), guide plates (8), contacting on both sides with their steel friction surfaces (f1, f2) with steel friction surfaces (f3) of the spacer wedges (7) and with steel friction surfaces (f4) of the moving plates (9) equipped with side protrusions (11) and the contact their other steel friction surfaces (f5) with the walls (3) of the housing (1), while the mentioned steel friction surfaces (f1, f2) of the guide plates (8) are lubricated with solid lubricant, while the length (A) of the steel friction surfaces (f1 ) the guide plates (8) are longer than the length (B) of the steel friction surfaces (f3) of the spacer wedges (7) in contact with them (7), characterized in that samples (13) are made on the guide plates (8), covering the back-retaining device (5) , and steel friction surfaces (f5) are movable of the wafers (9) in contact with the walls (3) of the housing (1) are also lubricated. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubrication of the steel friction surfaces (f5) of the moving plates (9) is ensured by the location of the solid lubricant inserts (12) in the walls (3) of the housing (1).

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