RU1784888C - Device for ice deformation measuring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to measuring the relative deformations that occur in ice as a result of technical and natural stresses. The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurements of ice deformation by determining the principal deformations while determining the azimuth of the deformation source. The device for measuring ice deformations is equipped with a hydraulic sensor for simultaneously supplying a calibration signal to three quartz rods without interrupting the operation of the device, the first quartz rod is supplemented by two more, which are installed at angles of 120 to it and their second free ends are directed into racks with converters and temperature compensation rods, and their ends are fixed in a pedestal using spring-loaded clamps not rigidly. From the values of the signals from three quartz rods, the principal deformations in the ice plane are determined, as well as the azimuth of the deformation source. 1 ill. Ј

Description

The invention relates to measurements of relative deformations occurring in ice as a result of natural and technical stresses.

There are known quartz rod deformometers and deformographs which are used to measure deformations arising in the earth's crust as a result of various seismic phenomena, such as earthquakes, tidal waves.

In order to exclude the influence of Meteorological factors on instrument readings, well-known deformographs are usually installed in specially equipped mines, where the effect of changes in air temperature on a quartz rod - the main element of the instrument, is negligible and practically

does not affect the readings of the latter.

The closest technical solution is a device for measuring ice deformations, containing a pedestal designed for fixing with ice, a quartz rod, one end of which is interconnected with a pedestal, a rack for fixing with ice, located at the second end of the rod, a thermal compensation rod, one end is rigidly associated with the strut and a parametric rod displacement transducer located at the second end of the temperature compensation rod.

The use of thermal compensation rod allows the use of quartz

00 00 00

deformometer under conditions of significant temperature differences, for example, on drifting and landfast ice. However, the device has the following significant disadvantages. The rigid sealing of one end of the rod into the pedestal and the absence of a hydraulic sensor mounted directly on the pedestal makes it difficult to control the stability of the strainmeter sensitivity during its operation. This is due to the fact that each cut in monitoring the sensitivity of the strainmeter must interrupt its operation. Then you need to re-configure and calibrate the device. This procedure leads to interruptions in obtaining information. In addition, it is impossible to measure the main ice deformations at the installation site of the device and determine the azimuth of the deformation source with a single rod deformometer .. "- -

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurements of ice deformations, namely the determination of principal deformations while determining the azimuth of the ice deformation source and subject to continuous operation of the device while monitoring its sensitivity.

This is achieved by the fact that the device is additionally equipped with a second and third quartz rods installed similarly to the first rod, second and third racks made similar to the first, second and third thermal compensation rods located similarly to the first rod, second and third parametric rods displacement transducers placed similarly the first, and a hydraulic sensor mounted on a pedestal, the main rod of which can be moved in a vertical position, and each of the three additional The additional rods move perpendicular to the main rod and act on the end of the corresponding quartz rod, and the rods are mounted at an angle of 120 ° to each other and are spring-loaded relative to the pedestal.

Such installation of the rods and fixing from the ends allows the determination of the main deformations and the azimuth of the source of ice deformation in continuous operation based on the following formulas:

Ј | -Ј |

a + en + 22

Cos i

-0,

where the strain in the direction forming with the X axis an arbitrarily chosen coordinate system X, Y is the angle p & and Јc are the principal deformations (maximum and minimum) in the direction of the principal axes I and II, forming the angles ро and (- - / 2) with the X axis, respectively.

., 93

2

+ -T- V (ei b + O -Јz + (Јz -ei) 2

Ј1 + Ј2 + Ј3

"H

V§,

3 V (ei - &) 2 + (Ј2 - Јз) 2 + С Јз - Јi f

, KM (Ј2-Ј3) 2 61 - Ј2 - Ј3

where Јi, Ј2, Јз are the measured strains on each bar.

The hydraulic sensor, which uses the principle of a hydraulic transformer, is located on a pedestal and with three rods abuts against clamps with the ends of quartz pipes clamped in them. The clamps themselves are pressed by four flat springs to the stops rigidly fastened to the pedestal. The fourth, main stem, can be inserted into and out of the chamber with a micrometer screw. The hydraulic sensor provides a simultaneous signal in the form of a step on all three rods. The step value can be kept constant for each boom during control checks. Moving spring-loaded clamps provide the transmission of this signal to the bar of the strainmeter.

Thus, the goal is achieved by measuring the principal strains and determining the azimuth of the strain source. In this case, interruptions in the recording of deformations during the control sensitivity of the device are excluded, which is achieved by non-rigid fastening of the ends of the quartz rods in the pedestal and the presence of a hydraulic sensor that provides control of the sensitivity of the device in its operation mode. X

Figure 1 presents a sectional view of the device along one of the three quartz rods. Pedestal 1 is frozen in the ice cover, a plate 2 is fixedly mounted on it, to which, using bolts 3, a hydraulic sensor 4 is attached with an adjusting screw 5, which abuts against the main rod b

The latter through the gland 7 is inserted into the chamber 8 of the hydraulic sensor 4, filled with a working fluid. An additional rod 10 is inserted into the same chamber through the gland 9 (one additional three of the rod is shown).

The additional rod abuts against the end of the quartz rod 11 fixed in the movable clamp 12. The clamp 12 presses with two horizontal and two vertical flat springs 13 (one vertical spring is visible} to the stop 14 with the help of the strap 15, which is attached to the plate 2 and the stop 14 by means of bolts 16. The stop 14 is rigidly connected to the plate 2. The quartz rod 11 with its free second end is directed towards the rack 17, which is frozen in ice. The thermocompensation rod 18 is rigidly fixed to the rack 17. A parametric converter is fixed to the end of the rod 18 premises 19 of the free end of the bar.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the pedestal with a plate 2, a hydraulic sensor 4, an adjusting screw 5, three additional rods 10, which abut against the ends of three quartz rods 11, mounted in movable clamps 12. The clamps 12 are pressed by horizontal flat springs 20 (three upper horizontal horizontal springs) to the stops 14 with the help of strips 15 by bolts 16. The free second ends of the rods 11. the flow rate is at angles of 120 ° to the uprights, in accordance with Fig. 1.

The operation of the device is as follows. Pedestal 1 is frozen in ice. The quartz tube rods are secured in the clamps 12. The free ends of the three rods 11 are guided towards the three racks 17 with three thermocompensation rods 18 and three displacement transducers 19. The free second ends of the rods are displaced relative to the ice when the latter expands and contracts. The displacements of the free ends of the three sockets with respect to ice are recorded using parametric displacement transducers 19, which are fixed to the thermal compensation rods 18. Thermal compensation rods make it possible to eliminate the error that occurs when the rod has its own temperature deformations. Electrical signals from three displacement transducers are fed to the recording equipment. From these signals, the principal strains FI and Јc and the strain azimuth are determined by the formulas

Q jLL ± SL ± eL +

e

3 Che1-a) 2+ (Ј2-ез) 2+ (Рз-Ј1) 2

Ј1 f Ј2 + ЕЗ

3

2

(Ј1-Ј2) 2 + (e2-ez) 2 + СЈз-Ј1) 2

 1

where Јi, 82, ез are the measured strains on each bar.

The control of the sensitivity of the strain gauge is carried out as follows. The main rod 6 is inserted by means of the adjusting screw 5 into the chamber 8 by the selected amount (for example, in the case of our existing prototype, by the amount leading to the appearance of a signal on the deformation rods of 10 μm). In this case, three additional rods 10 are extended and displaced by movable clamps 12 spring-loaded with four flat springs 13 and 20 with the first ends of the quartz rods 11 fixed therein, which will lead to the appearance of control signals in the form of steps. Further, when the main rod 6 is withdrawn from the chamber 8, the clamps 12 with flat springs 13, 20 are pressed into the initial position against the stops 14 and the recording on the recorder returns to its previous level. Such signals are basic and further control shifts of the rods by a predetermined value and the response in the form of steps on the recorder are compared with these basic signals. The constancy of the steps shows the constancy of the sensitivity of the device along all three rods. This ensures continuity of registration and does not require disconnecting the device during its operation.

The technical and economic effect is manifested:

- in obtaining new data on ice deformations, namely, determining the main deformations while simultaneously determining the azimuth of the source of ice deformation together with ensuring continuous operation of the device while monitoring its sensitivity, which increases the accuracy of the data obtained. This is ensured by the use of three quartz rods fixed in one common base with spring-loaded clamps not rigidly and diverging in a horizontal plane at angles of 120 ° to each other. In addition, by using a hydraulic sensor that allows you to create a given calibration signal to all three rods simultaneously without interrupting the operation of the device.

The prototype of the device for changing ice deformations was tested at a drifting station and showed its reliable performance.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An ice deformation measuring device comprising a pedestal for securing with ice, a quartz bar, one end of which is interconnected with a pedestal, a rack for securing with ice, located at the other end of the bar, a thermal compensation rod, one end of which is rigidly connected to resistant, and a parametric rod displacement transducer located on the second end of the thermal compensation rod, which is necessary to increase the accuracy of measuring deformations by determining and principal deformations while simultaneously determining the azimuth of the source of ice deformation, it is equipped with a second and third quartz rods installed similarly to the first rod, second and third racks made similar to the first, second and third thermal compensation rods located similarly to the first rod, the second and third parametric converters of movement of the rods, placed similarly to the first, and placed on a pedestal hydraulic yes a chicom whose main rod is mounted so that it can be moved perpendicular to the pedestal, and each of the three additional rods is mounted so that it can be moved perpendicular to the main rod and is designed to be in contact with the first end of the corresponding quartz rod, and the rods are mounted at an angle of 120 ° to one another and spring-loaded regarding the pedestal . / G / / / / {g / / 0U8.7 4 fifteen: P fifteen Yu Fm.2