RU127984U1 - INSTALLATION FOR EVALUATING THE TIME OF THE REACTION OF A VEHICLE DRIVER TO DANGEROUS SITUATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for assessing the response time of a vehicle driver to dangerous situations, comprising an exercise machine with a seat, a steering wheel, a gear lever, a brake pedal equipped with a limit switch, a fuel pedal, an acoustic speaker; central processing unit, power supply of the central processing unit, video monitor; the first inputs of the central processing unit are connected to the outputs of the power supply unit of the central processing unit, the second input is connected to the output of the brake pedal limit switch, the first output is connected to the input of the brake pedal limit switch, the second outputs are connected to the video monitor inputs, characterized in that the second simulator is additionally introduced limit switch and the test panel, and the fuel supply pedal is equipped with a second limit switch, the third input of the Central processing unit is connected to the output of the second end the fuel supply pedal switch, the first output is additionally connected to the input of the second end switch of the fuel supply pedal, the fourth inputs are with the outputs of the test console, the third outputs are with the inputs of the speaker.

Description

The utility model relates to technical means of teaching driving a vehicle and is intended to estimate the response time of a vehicle driver to dangerous situations.

A known simulator for training a driver of a car, comprising a driver’s workstation with an acoustic system and with analog controls consisting of pedals and a steering wheel, and discrete controls mechanically connected respectively to pedal position sensors and a steering wheel sensor and discrete sensors of their position, a noise simulation module engine, the group of outputs of which is connected to the group of inputs of the shaper of sound signals, the group of outputs of which is connected to the group of inputs of the acoustic system, a simulation unit visual environment, the first group of inputs of which is connected to the first group of outputs of the machine motion simulation module, the second group of outputs of which is connected to the group of inputs of the engine noise simulator, and the first group of outputs of the visual simulation unit is connected to the group of inputs of the visual information display device, characterized in that it additionally contains a steering wheel drive, a matching device, a calibration module and a program control module, the first and second groups of outputs of which respectively are integrated with the first group of inputs of the calibration module and with the second group of the visual simulation unit, the third group of inputs of which is connected to the first group of outputs of the calibration module, the second group of outputs of which is connected to the first group of inputs of the machine motion simulation module, the second group of inputs of which is connected to the first group the outputs of the matching device, the second group of outputs of which is connected to the group of inputs of the steering wheel drive mechanically connected to the car’s steering wheel, the outputs of the pedal sensors and the steering wheel are connected are connected to the group of analog inputs of the matching device, the digital group of inputs of the latter is connected to the outputs of the discrete sensors, and the third group of outputs of the matching device is connected to the second group of inputs of the calibration module, the second group of outputs of the visual simulation unit is connected to the third group of inputs of the simulation module of the machine, the third group the outputs of which are connected to the group of program inputs of the matching device. The instructor includes a simulator, conducts testing of the sensors of the controls and enters the data of the students. A trained driver who is at the workplace observes the image of the road on the ground on the visual information display device and acts on the simulator's controls [1].

A device for teaching driving a car is known, comprising a car mounted on a fixed support and a simulator of the background of roads and intersections, consisting of a film projection apparatus and a screen and configured to demonstrate certain doses of time of different roads and intersections in difficult traffic situations, different climatic zones in front of the car , different weather conditions and different time periods, characterized in that a step finder, a sound signaling organ of rule violations are introduced into it traffic and a light panel with signal scales on which the inscriptions of prohibited and recommended car maneuvers are made, and lamps designed to illuminate the signal scales, while the step finder is connected by electrical circuits to the turn signal and the brake light of the car, with microswitches that interact with hard a hook mounted on the steering wheel, clutch pedals, gas and brake, as well as with the said sound alarm body and light bulbs with the possibility of transmission to it and formation of the student reaction and its intention to change the vehicle. The teacher on the projection screen using the projection apparatus in front of the car shows images of different roads or intersections with different situations, with a microphone gives instructions to the cadet, sets goals and objectives for the cadet and assesses the quality of remembering the rules, skills and driving skills, accuracy and speed of decisions [ 2].

A disadvantage of the known simulator and device for learning to drive a car is the lack of an estimate of the reaction time of the vehicle driver to dangerous situations.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed installation is the installation for measuring the reaction time of the driver of a vehicle to dangerous situations, containing a trainer with a seat, a steering wheel, a gear lever, a brake pedal equipped with a limit switch, a fuel pedal equipped with a limit switch, a power supply central processing unit and speaker, video monitor and central processing unit; the first inputs of the central processing unit are connected to the outputs of the power supply unit of the central processing unit, the second input is connected to the output of the brake pedal limit switch, the first output is connected to the input of the latter, the second outputs are connected to the video monitor inputs, the inputs of the fuel supply pedal switch are connected to the video monitor outputs, outputs - with speaker inputs. At the moment a dangerous traffic situation appears on the screen of the video monitor, the countdown of the driver’s reaction begins, the driver presses the brake pedal of the exercise machine, when the driver’s foot touches the brake pedal, the countdown stops. An LCD TV with a built-in video player is used as a video monitor, which makes it possible to play a test video program from a DVD disc. The video monitor, together with the central processor unit, is installed on the upper shelf of the base of the exercise machine, the latter can be brought out of sight of the test driver. An acoustic speaker and a power supply unit for the central processing unit [3] are installed in the footwell.

The disadvantage of the installation is the lack of an estimate of the response time of the vehicle driver to dangerous situations, taking into account the result of emergency braking, consisting in the absence or presence of a collision of the vehicle with the object of a dangerous situation or a collision with it.

The technical result of the claimed installation is to obtain an estimate of the response time of the vehicle driver to dangerous situations, taking into account the result of emergency braking, consisting in the absence or presence of a collision of the vehicle with the object of a dangerous situation or a collision with it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for estimating the reaction time of the vehicle driver to dangerous situations comprises an exercise machine with a seat, a steering wheel, a gear lever, a brake pedal equipped with a limit switch, a fuel pedal, an acoustic speaker; central processing unit, power supply of the central processing unit, video monitor; the first inputs of the central processing unit are connected to the outputs of the power supply unit of the central processing unit, the second input is connected to the output of the brake pedal limit switch, the first output is connected to the input of the brake pedal limit switch, and the second outputs are connected to the video monitor inputs, and it’s new to the exercise machine introduced the second limit switch and the test subject, and the fuel pedal is equipped with a second limit switch, the third input of the Central processing unit is connected to the output of the second end Vågå fuel supply breaker pedal, the first output further connected to the input terminal of the second fuel supply breaker pedal fourth inputs - outputs from remote test, third outputs - to the inputs of the loudspeaker.

The inventive installation due to the introduction of the second limit switch and the test panel allows you to get an estimate of the response time of the vehicle driver to dangerous situations, taking into account the result of emergency braking, consisting in the absence or presence of a collision of the vehicle with the object of a dangerous situation or collision with him.

Figure 1 schematically shows the path and vehicle presented to the test subject, where 1 is an obstacle presented randomly on a given section of the path from R _min to R _max (for example, at point B), used as an object of a dangerous traffic situation; R _min is the distance from the beginning of the path to the point that bounds the beginning of a given section of the path; R _max - the distance from the beginning of the path to the point that bounds the end of a given section of the path; 2 - vehicle (TS) moving with a given speed V along the way; R _CR - the distance from the beginning of the path to point B of the position of the presented obstacle 1; R is the distance from the beginning of the path to point A of the position of the vehicle 2 at the time of presentation of the obstacle 1; S _TP - the length of the braking distance at a given speed V of the vehicle 2 and the state of the track; t is the time of the visual-motor reaction necessary for the subject to perceive the obstacle 1 and press the brake pedal; figure 2 is a structural diagram of the inventive installation.

The inventive installation comprises an exercise machine 3 with a seat 4, a steering wheel 5, a gear lever 6, a brake pedal 7 equipped with a first limit switch 8, a fuel pedal 9, equipped with a second limit switch 10, an acoustic column 11, a test console 12; the Central processing unit 13, the power supply unit of the Central processing unit 14 and the video monitor 15.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 13 is designed to control the testing process of the test person in order to obtain an estimate of the time of his response to dangerous situations, consisting of successive series with a change in time t required to perceive the imposed obstacle 1 and depress the brake pedal 7, and view the archive of results ratings of various subjects. CPB 13 is a desktop device, on the back of which there are connectors for connecting the power supply unit of the central processing unit (CPU CPB) 14, the remote control of the test 12, the inputs and outputs of the first and second limit switches 8 and 10, the video monitor 15 and the speaker 11. For connecting external devices, the CPU 13 contains a matching unit with the first and second limit switches 8 and 10 (general-purpose input-output controller), a matching unit with an acoustic speaker 11 (standard sound card), a matching unit video monitor 15 (a standard video card), a matching remote control unit 12 of the test (standard keyboard controller) and for storing the test results of testing - information storage. CPB 13 can be built on the basis of a standard PC; located under the upper shelf of the base of the exercise machine 3. The software of the central processing unit 13 is entered into the internal storage device as part of the central operating unit 13, the algorithm of the central operating unit 13 is given in the appendix.

The CPU CPB 14 is designed to provide power to the CPU 13 and is a standard computer power supply connected to the corresponding connector of the CPU 13. To prevent electric shock to the subject and reduce the length of the connecting lines, the CPU CPU 14 is removed from the footwell and placed together with the CPU 13. The power circuits of the remaining devices (speaker 11, remote control of test 12, video monitor 15) of the installation in figure 2 are not shown conditionally.

The remote control of the subject 12 is designed to register the data of the subject - name, age and gender; tasks of type ТС 2 - a passenger car, a passenger car with a trailer, a small or intercity bus, another type of bus, a truck with a permitted maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons, a truck with a permitted maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons, a truck carrying people in the back, vehicle towing a mechanical vehicle [4]; terrain traffic TC 2 - of the settlement, outside the settlement, highway [4]; the condition of the road surface - dry, wet, covered with rolled snow, icy [5]; speed V, not exceeding the maximum permissible for a given type of vehicle 2 and terrain vehicle 2 and due to the condition of the road surface; the length of the full stretch of track; the distances R _min and R _max from the beginning of the path to the points bounding, respectively, the beginning and end of the given section of the path, on which the obstacle 1 is randomly presented; the number of emergency braking attempts in a test series for a given time t; the presence of sound notifications about the subject’s error, about the presentation of an obstacle 1, about a collision of a vehicle 2 with an obstacle 1, about the end of a series of tests; sound volume and is a standard computer keyboard connected to the corresponding socket of the CPU 13.

The brake pedals 7 and fuel supply 9 are designed to control the vehicle 2.

The first limit switch 8, when you press the brake pedal 7, opens a normally closed electrical circuit between the first output and the second input of the CPU 13, and the second limit switch 10, when you press the fuel pedal 9, the circuit between the first output and the third input of the CPU 13.

The seat 4, the steering wheel 5 and the gear lever 6 are not connected to the CPU 13 and are designed to simulate a situation close to real when controlling the vehicle 2.

The video monitor 15 is designed to display the test subject the input text and digital information about the subject’s data and test parameters; graphical information when testing the subject: the movement of the vehicle 2 along the path and obstacles 1, as shown in figure 1; textual and digital information about the test results, and is a standard computer monitor connected to the corresponding socket of the CPU 13.

The acoustic column 11 is designed to reproduce the sound signals generated by the CPB 13 during testing of the test subject: inter-noise simulating real road conditions; the noise of the working engine, formed when you press and hold the pedal of the fuel 9; notifications about the subject’s error, the presentation of an obstacle, a collision of a vehicle 2 with an obstacle 1, the end of a series of tests and is a standard speaker connected to the corresponding socket of the CPU 13.

Installation works as follows.

The power supply is turned on by the BP CPU 14, the CPU 13 outputs to the video monitor 15 fields for entering text and digital information and fields for choosing one of the proposed options (listed below) - for recording test data and setting test parameters.

The test subject is given the task of stopping the vehicle 2 by performing emergency braking upon presentation of an obstacle 1, avoiding a collision.

The test subject sits in the exercise machine 3 on the seat 4 and independently or with the help of an instructor from the test station’s remote control 12 registers the test subject’s data - name, age and gender; sets the type of vehicle 2 - passenger car, passenger car with a trailer, a small or intercity bus, another type of bus, a truck with a permitted maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons, a truck with a permitted maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons, a truck carrying people in the back, vehicle towing a mechanical vehicle; terrain traffic TC 2 - settlement, outside the settlement, highway; road surface condition - dry, wet, covered with rolled snow, icy; speed V, not exceeding the maximum allowable for a given type of vehicle 2 and terrain, taking into account the state of the road surface; the length of the full stretch of track; the distance R _min and R _max from the beginning of the path to the points, respectively, limiting the beginning and end of the given section of the path, on which the obstacle 1 is randomly presented; the number of emergency braking attempts in a test series for a given time t; the presence of sound notifications about the subject’s error, about the presentation of an obstacle 1, about a collision of a vehicle 2 with an obstacle 1, about the end of a series of tests; sound volume. The parameters are displayed during the job on the video monitor 15.

The test subject presses the Enter key of the remote control 12, the CPU 13 initializes the entered parameters. The value of the time of the visual-motor reaction t, necessary for perceiving the obstacle 1 and pressing the brake pedal 7, is assumed to be 0.8 s, the average value of the driver reaction time interval is from 0.4 s to 1.2 s [3], the step value Δt of the time change t during subsequent series of tests is taken equal to 0.1 s.

The test subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor 15 with a predetermined value of time t at which the first series of tests will be carried out for a time equal to 2 s.

After 2 seconds, the CPU 13 randomly selects the distance R _pr in the first attempt to emergency braking the first test series from the beginning of the path to the point B (Fig. 1) of the presented obstacle 1 from a given interval from R _min to R _max , after which it calculates and remembers the distance R from the beginning of the path to point A (figure 1) of the position of the vehicle 2 at the time of presentation of the obstacle 1 according to the formula:

where R _CR - the distance from the beginning of the path to the point of position B (figure 1), m; S _TP - the length of the braking distance at a given vehicle speed V and the state of the road surface, m; V is the target speed of the vehicle 2, m / s; t is the set value of the time of the visual motor reaction in a series of tests, s.

The test person on the screen of the video monitor 15 is presented with a fixed vehicle 2 of a given type (the car in figure 1), located at the beginning of the path. The CPU 13 delivers a high level signal to the first output of the inputs of the first and second limit switches 8 and 10, and begins to generate sound signals corresponding to inter-noise, which are input to the speaker 11.

The test subject begins the first attempt at emergency braking in the first test series, for which he presses and holds the fuel pedal 9 with his right foot. The second limit switch 10 opens the electric circuit, and the signal from its output is removed.

The CPU 13 detects the absence of a signal at the third input and starts generating signals arriving at the video monitor 15 to display the movement of the vehicle 2 along the path at a given speed V. At the same time, the CPU 13 generates sound signals corresponding to the noise of the running engine, reproduced by the acoustic column 11 together with inter-noise. In addition, the CPB 13 remembers the start time of the test series of the subjects equal to the start time of the first emergency braking attempt in the series.

The process of movement of the vehicle 2 during an emergency braking attempt is implemented in the CPU 13 using a cycle in which the internal time of the emergency braking attempt is divided into small intervals. In each iteration of the cycle corresponding to one interval of internal time, the CPU 13 calculates the instantaneous acceleration and _{TC2 of the} movement of the vehicle 2, depending on whether the obstacle 1 was presented, and the presence of signals at the second and third inputs; updates the instantaneous value of the speed V _{TC2 of the} movement of the vehicle 2 and the distance traveled by it from the beginning of the path; updates the position of the vehicle 2 on the video monitor 15; calculates whether there was a collision with an obstacle 1, and whether the vehicle 2 stopped. The effect of the vehicle 2 movement for the subject is created by successively turning on and off the corresponding pixels forming the image of the vehicle 2 on the video monitor 15.

The subject monitors the movement of the vehicle 2 on the video monitor 15, holding the fuel pedal 9. The speed V _TC2 until emergency braking is maintained constant equal to the specified V.

When TC 2 reaches point A (Fig. 1), located at a distance R from the beginning of the path, calculated by formula (1), the CPU 13 presents an obstacle 1 at point B at point B (Fig. 1) on the video monitor 15, the acoustic column 11 reproduces a notification about presentation of an obstacle 1, if such notifications were established during the setting of parameters. The test subject, finding an obstacle 1, performs emergency braking by transferring the foot from the fuel pedal 9 to the brake pedal 7. The second limit switch 10 closes the electric circuit, the first limit switch 8 - opens. The CPB 13 detects the presence of a signal at the third input and the absence at the second, as a result of which the speaker 11 stops reproducing the sound signals of the working engine, and the CPB 13 shows the subject on the video monitor 15 the equally slow motion of the vehicle 2 until it stops or collides with an obstacle 1 with acceleration, calculated by the formula

,

,

where V is the specified speed of the vehicle, m / s; S _{TP - the} length of the braking distance at a given speed V of the vehicle 2 and the condition of the road surface, m

In the event of a collision, the speaker 11 reproduces a collision notification, if such notifications were set during parameter setting. The result of the first attempt of emergency braking, which consists in the absence or presence of a collision of the vehicle 2 with an obstacle 1, is stored in the CPU 13.

If the test subject depresses the brake pedal 7 and the fuel supply 9 at the same time, or releases the fuel supply pedal 9 until the obstacle 1 is presented, or releases the brake pedal 7 after emergency braking starts until the vehicle 2 stops completely, the CPU 13 records the test subject's error, the speaker 11 reproduces the sound a signal notifying the test subject of an error if such notifications were set during parameter setting. In these cases, the emergency braking attempt is terminated, the TC 2 is set to its original position.

The subject performs the second and subsequent emergency braking attempts in the first series of tests in a similar manner. After completion of the series, the CPU 13 removes the signal from the first output, remembers the end time of the test series, and counts the number of allowed collisions of the vehicle 2 with obstacle 1. The speaker 11 plays a notification about the end of the test series, if such notifications were set during the setting of parameters, and then stops reproduction of sound signals of inter-noise.

If in the first series of testing the subjects did not admit collisions of the vehicle 2 with obstacle 1, then the CPB 13 reduces the value of time t by the step Δt, the subject performs the second series of testing in the same way. The test subject continues the test series with a decrease in time t by step Δt until he admits a collision of vehicle 2 with obstacle 1 in the next test series. The estimate t _{p of} the test subject’s response to dangerous situations is assumed to be equal to the time t during the previous test series.

If in the first test series the subjects were allowed to encounter a collision of vehicle 2 with obstacle 1, then CPB 13 increases the value of time t by step Δt, the subject performs the second series of tests in the same way. The test subject continues the test series with an increase in time t by step Δt until he performs the next test series without a TC 2 collision with obstacle 1. The estimate t _{p of} the test person’s response to dangerous situations is assumed to be equal to the time t during the last test series.

After the last series of testing is completed, on the video monitor 15, an estimate t _{p of} the subject’s reaction time to dangerous situations and a table containing information on the number of collisions in the test series performed by the test and the presence of a collision in each attempted emergency braking are presented. The test results of the test subject, together with the test data, test parameters and time stamps for the start and end of the test series, are stored by the CPU 13 in the internal information storage device.

If the test subject presses the Esc key of the remote control 12 during or after testing, the installation will return to its initial state.

The instructor can proceed to viewing the archive of the results of evaluating the reaction time of various subjects, for which he presses the “F1” key on the remote control 12 and goes through the standard authorization procedure by entering the login and password.

Taking into account the number of collisions of the vehicle 2 with obstacle 1 after each series of testing allows to obtain an estimate of the test subject's response to dangerous situations, taking into account the result of emergency braking, which eliminates the disadvantage of the prototype.

Thus, the inventive installation allows you to evaluate the response time of the driver of the vehicle to dangerous situations.

Information sources

1. Patent 68744 of the Russian Federation, IPC G09B 9/04. Simulator for driver training / V. Mishchenko - Publ. 11/27/2007.

2. Patent 2171501 of the Russian Federation, IPC G09B 9/05. The device of Stashevsky I.I. for driving training / Stashevsky I.I. - Publ. 07/27/2001.

3. Technical features of the investigation and the establishment of the causes of the accident / Ermakov F.Kh. - Kazan: Publishing House "Fatherland". - 2007. - 294 p.

4. The rules of the road of the Russian Federation. - M .: Martin. - 2006. - 76 p.

5. Cohesion coefficient: new old reality / A.V. Kochetkov, Ermakov M.L., Denikin E.I. et al. // Road Power. - 2008. - No. 14. - p. 36-43.

Claims (1)

Installation for evaluating the response time of a vehicle driver to dangerous situations, comprising an exercise machine with a seat, a steering wheel, a gear lever, a brake pedal equipped with a limit switch, a fuel pedal, an acoustic speaker; central processing unit, power supply of the central processing unit, video monitor; the first inputs of the central processing unit are connected to the outputs of the power supply unit of the central processing unit, the second input is connected to the output of the brake pedal limit switch, the first output is connected to the input of the brake pedal limit switch, and the second outputs are connected to the video monitor inputs, characterized in that the second simulator is additionally introduced the limit switch and the test panel, and the fuel supply pedal is equipped with a second limit switch, the third input of the central processing unit is connected to the output of the second end the fuel supply pedal switch, the first output is additionally connected to the input of the second limit switch of the fuel supply pedal, the fourth inputs are with the outputs of the test panel, the third outputs are with the inputs of the speaker.

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