RO113222B1 - Process for neutralizing the bacteriologically-infected household or industrial waste, free of sulphur and arsenic - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process of neutralization of household waste or industrial, bacteriologically infected without sulfur and arsenic content. The process consists of pyrogenation of these wastes at temperatures of 5OO ... 7OO ° C, cracking volatile products at 1300 ° C and residual gasification of the residue solid with water vapor, without conditioning prioritization of waste. A gas is obtained non - polluting fuel with a content of over 50% hydrogen, usable in installations energy, water heating or other purposes.

Description

The invention relates to a process for neutralizing bacteriologically infected household or industrial waste, without sulfur and arsenic content, and can be used in the ecological field to neutralize wastes from hospitals, households or industrially infected bacteriologically or with chemicals, which, due to the structure they cannot be burned.

It is known that currently uninfected or bacteriologically infected household waste is collected in bulk and stored in controlled fermentation pits, which can be a danger of contamination and require spaces that are not always available.

in a few cases, there are crematories for the incineration of these wastes. Burning is a process of diffusion, but it requires the conditioning of the waste (especially the shredding), in order to become clean the resulting products, a very difficult and very expensive operation.

The existence of large waste incineration plants, coupled with thermal power plants, is known. However, they use sorted materials and impose conditions of air diffusion through the material, the lack of melting of the material or its mixing with large quantities of materials that allow the diffusion and do not give by heating melting processes. In other processes, the phenomenon of combustion is main, the pyrogenetic processes being only additional.

The problem solved by the present invention is to establish the ecological, economic and efficient conditions for the neutralization of household and industrial waste.

The process of neutralizing bacteriologically infected household or industrial waste, without sulfur and arsenic content, according to the invention, provides for the pyrogenization of waste in the temperature range of 5OO ... 7OO ° C, followed by cracking of volatile products resulting at 13OO ° C and gasification. allotherm, with water vapor, of the residue resulting from the pyrogenation and cracking stages.

The process according to the invention has the following advantages:

- does not require the conditioning, sorting or shredding of waste;

- does not impose conditions related to the passage of waste through the plastic phase or their melting during processing;

- it is not related to the porosity of the material and to the diffusion assurance as in the case of combustion;

- does not require separation of metals, they remain after gasification in the reactor uninfected;

- does not generate unusable waste;

- the resulting combustible gas is non-polluting;

- the thermal balance is dependent on the quality of the material.

In the following, the invention will be presented in detail, with reference to the figure, which represents the flow diagram of the process according to the invention.

The present invention aims to neutralize the waste resulting from the activity of human, veterinary, housing or isolated hospitals without access to sanitation systems, the textile, leather, chemical, food, etc. if the waste does not contain sulfur, arsenic or cyan groups; gases should not be purified, in other cases gas purification is required.

One of the features of the invention is that the products do not require prior preparation (sorting, grinding) and no melting conditions are imposed during heating or any other manner.

The destruction of bacteriological and chemical pollutants is achieved through the two heating stages 5OO ... 7OO ° C and 13OD ° C and obtaining a non-polluting combustible gas, with more than 50% hydrogen .usable locally for various purposes or even industrially if installed in a factory. This can destroy biologically infected products, waste paper and derivatives, skin waste, waste from the chemical industry (grouts, resins), the food industry and even unsorted household waste resulting from settlements not affiliated with the sanitation system.

The following is a

Exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The process consists in the pyrogenization at temperatures of 5OO ... 7OO ° C of household or industrial waste, bacteriologically infected, without sulfur and arsenic content (depending on the type of material) in static conditions, in metallic or ceramic reactors of the respective non-sorted and unpainted materials, with indirect heating (the material stays for a while at this temperature). The heating can be done with gases resulting from the burning of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels or with own gases. This process results in a solid carbon residue and volatile products (gases, water, tar), which are passed through a previously heated zone at 13OQ ° C, where sufficient time is maintained for the total cracking and transformation into carbon and hi- 20 drugs.

A second phase follows, in which water vapor is introduced into the reactor, raising the temperature to 8OO ° C to convert the solid pyrogenation residue and the carbon resulting from cracking into water gas.

The heating can be done with methane, fuel oil or own gas resulting from pyrogenization. 30 in this way the whole material is converted into combustible gas according to the flow on operations in the figure.

Claims (4)

claims 1. Process for the neutralization of domestic or industrial waste, bacteriologically infected, without sulfur or arsenic content, by pyrogenization, cracking of volatile products and gasification of solid residues, characterized in that it provides for the pyrogenization of waste within the temperature range of 5DO ... 700 ° C, followed by the cracking of the volatile products resulting at 1300 ° C and the allotermal gas vaporization of the solid residue resulting from the pyrogenation and cracking steps. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a non-polluting combustible gas, containing more than 50% hydrogen, consisting of a mixture of cracked pyrogenation fluids and water gas, is obtained. 3. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, it is subjected to pyrogenization under static conditions of indirect heating, unconditional and uncharacterized preliminary waste. 4. Process according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that they are used for the realization of the pyrogenization reactors with fixed layer of materials, with indirect heating, made by combustion gases produced from gaseous fuels, liquids, solids and even the process gas.