LT6480B - Dehydrated meadow grass meal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, which address the quality of feed, transportation, storage and livestock feeding problems, because meadow grass is dehydrated in a relatively low (up to 55 oC) temperature, so the quality of the meal (especially carotene content) remains stable for a long time. During drying, the moisture content of grass chops is gradually reduced from 70-80 to 12-14 percent. After drying, grass chaff is milled. Flour can be packed into bags. However, grass flour can be granulated to increase the density. Granular grass meal density is three times higher and volume is three times lower than the flour, so it is easier and cheaper their transportation, storage and the use in an automatic animal feeding lines.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, which solves the problems of feed quality, transportation, storage and feeding, because the grass grass is dehydrated at relatively low temperature (up to 55 ° C), so its flour quality (especially carotene content) remains stable for a long time. During drying, the moisture of the grass chop is reduced from 7080 to 12-14 percent. Dried grass chops are ground. Flour can be packed in bags. Grass flour is granulated to increase density. Granulated grass meal has a density of up to 3 times and has the same volume as non-granulated, which makes it easier and cheaper to transport, store and use it in automatic animal feed lines.

FIELD OF INVENTION.

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, which solves the problems of feed quality, transportation, storage and feeding in automatic lines.

Level of Invention.

For the production of artificially dried grass flour, grass biomass is harvested when the bean plants reach the butonization stage and the haze - the hair stage. At that time, the grass's forage value is usually highest, with a higher percentage of leaves. On average, such biomass contains between 72 and 78 percent. moisture. During harvesting, the green biomass is chopped up by chopping 10-30 mm long. The 30 mm chop must be at least 85%. of total biomass and up to 2% per 100 mm. (J. Sirvydis and A. Dravininkas. 2005. Technological basis / monograph for the preparation of artificially dried grass forage. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, p. 230).

In the production of grass meal, grass wrapped outdoors can also be used, but it loses up to 3.5-5.5% per hour. carotene. In our proposed technology, shredded green biomass chops are immediately artificially dried in a low-temperature (up to 55 ° C) dryer until their moisture content drops to 12-14 percent. The process of drying in a low temperature dryer is described in patent no. LT 6310 B.

Artificially dried grass chops are ground to a flour-like consistency, but when stored loose, they rapidly reduce carotene content. Flour can be packed in plastic or paper bags. With a density of only about 200 kg / m ³ , production takes up a lot of space and jumps due to its high hygroscopicity. Grass flour is granulated to increase density. The granular grass meal has a density of about 600 kg / m ³ , which makes it more convenient and cheaper to transport and use it in automatic animal feed lines.

Mostly, grass biomass for flour production is artificially dried at high temperatures in the range of 80-150 ° C (Patent Nos. RU0002597275, WO2013029682, LT6270B, LT6271B). There is a risk of ignition of the dried biomass in the technological line. Grass chops are dried up to 10-12 percent. moisture quickly - within 10-15 minutes, but carotene loss of 3 to 10 percent. Larger losses of carotene are also associated with the cooling of more heated flour.

In a low-temperature dryer, the drying process takes longer but produces a product with less nutrient losses. The production of artificially dried grass biomass flour and granules thereof takes place independently of the meteorological conditions.

There is a known patent for the "Fast Fodder Grass Dryer" (CN203258973 (U)), but the unit is complex, uses a lot of energy and air.

Closest to the state of the art is a patent "device for drying agricultural crops such as grass or the like" (GB1310971). It dries the grass biomass in a conveyor-type dryer alternately with cold and hot air, thus preserving the primary quality of the feed more efficiently. the unit is a complex, high power demand. Renewable energy sources and their waste can be used in drying in a low temperature dryer.

The essence of the invention.

The object of the invention is to artificially dry grass grass and produce grass meal at relatively low temperatures (not higher than 55 ° C), ensuring high quality characteristics, improving transportation, storage and feeding conditions.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The production of dehydrated grassland flour is carried out in the following way: first, the grassland is cut with a grass trimmer when it reaches the butonization stage (bean plants) or the swim stage (haze plants) and the grass has the highest forage value. During mowing, the grass biomass is chopped up to 30 mm in length and transported. The freshly cut grass chops are then dehydrated at a temperature not exceeding 55 ° C for a period of 0.75 hours. up to 1 hour, reducing their humidity to 12-14 percent. and maintaining high feed quality. Later dried grass choppers are ground and packed in bags or placed in a granulator and granulated. Cooled dehydrated grass grass pellets can be packaged, stored and transported.

The qualitative characteristics of dehydrated grass meal pellets produced according to the described method were in accordance with the quality requirements of artificially dried grass meal and pellets (Table)

Table. Qualitative characteristics of artificially dried grass flour and pellets

Indicators Humidity% Protein (SM *) percent. Crude fiber content (SM)% Carotene content (SM)% Boundary <12 > 14.5 <28 > 0.009 Made output 12.0 15.87 27.47 0.0096

* - dry matter

Qualitative indices of grass meal biomass pellets were determined in the Agrochemical Research Laboratory of the Lithuanian Center of Agrarian and Forestry Science by applying standardized laboratory research methods.

Claims (2)

Definition of the Invention 1. Dehydrated grass meal, characterized in that it is produced by dehydrating grass chops at a temperature not exceeding 55 ° C, reducing their moisture content from 70 to 80 to 12 to 14 percent, thus preserving the high quality of the feed, especially its carotenoid. 2. Dehydrated grassland meal according to claim 1, characterized in that the meal is granulated, its density is increased about 3 times, the volume and transport costs are reduced, storage space is reduced, and the use of automatic feed lines for livestock becomes more convenient.