KR830000558B1 - Wet milling method to purify wheat - Google Patents

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Description

Wet milling method to purify wheat

1 is a schematic process diagram of the present invention.

2 is a schematic process flow diagram of one embodiment of the wet milling step (B) showing optional features of dotted lines.

3 is a schematic process diagram of another embodiment of the wet milling step (B), with certain features indicated by dotted lines.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying wheat grains using a specific wet milling procedure comprising a first dipping step, an intermediate step of separating the kernels and reducing the endocrine particle size and a second dipping step. The wet milling process provides a starch slurry, which is further run to separate the starch portion consisting of A starch and produce an animal feed product comprising substantially all other insoluble wheat solids.

The process of the present invention has a short immersion time and a high yield. The wheat kernel consists of three main components: (i) the outer layer or wheat mill of fibrous, (ii) seed and (iii) endosperm. The endosperm contains both wheat starch and wheat gluten surrounded by starch particles. Wheat starch is widely used as an adhesive or a papermaking ingredient, as a raw material for glucose, as a food concentrate, or as a food sweetener.

Wheat gluten can be mixed with water to form sticky, flexible lumps or dough for baking. Methods of purifying wheat kernels to recover starch or gluten are known. In some refining processes, the whole grains are dry milled, i.e. destroyed, crushed and pressed to separate the grains into fibers (brans), seeds and endosperm. The inner endosperm is crushed into flour, which is then separated into starch and gluten. In a typical commercial process, the flour is lumped or kneaded and mechanically compressed into a mass consisting of wheat gluten, while the wheat starch is washed off from the mass of gluten. This process is unsatisfactory because of the low yield of starch due to the loss of many starch during dry grinding and washing of dough. In addition, wheat grains and fibers (brans) are often discarded during such dry milling processes and are inefficient.

In another refining process, the grains are pre-soaked in an acidic solution such as water or sulfurous acid to soften them, and then the outer skin is separated or loosely wetted from the endosperm and the wheat starch or wheat gluten is separated. Since wheat grains are very hard and have a hard outer shell, these processes require long soaking times, resulting in long equipment holdings, and also to remove starch from gluten, which is usually done by washing the dough. This is an inefficient way to obtain wheat starch.

It is an object of the present invention to obtain a new wet type for the refining of wheat, which does not require a dry grinding and dough washing process to reduce the starch yield in order to obtain a high yield of the best wheat starch in a short immersion time and to use all other ingredients in the final product. It is to provide a milling process. This object is achieved by the process described next in the present invention.

Continuous wet process for refining wheat grains of the present invention,

[A] The whole wheat grains are washed to separate unwanted external matter,

[B] (a) immersed washed wheat grains of (A), (b) crush immersed grains that are still wet, and (c) crush the crushed grains of (b) into wet soil, fiber ( Bran) and a first part consisting of small endocrine particles and a second part consisting of large endocrine particles in the wet state, (d) reducing the endocrine particle size of the second part of wet (c), (e) ) A process of forming a starch slurry by mixing and immersing the first portion of (c), which is composed of seed, fiber (bran), and small endosperm particles, and the reduced portion of the second portion of (d), which is composed of endosperm particles Wet milling,

[C] a portion composed of fiber (bran) flakes is separated from the starch slurry of [B] (e),

[D] Wash and dehydrate the fiber (bran) crumbs of [C], mix the wash water and starch slurry of [C] from which the fibers are removed,

[E] Separate the mixture [D] into portions rich in starch and portions rich in protein,

[F] Concentrate and dehydrate the protein-rich portion of the above-mentioned [E] to obtain a dehydrated protein-rich portion and a filtrate,

[G] Evaporate at least a portion of the filtrate of [F] to increase the concentration of solids,

[H] The dehydrated fiber (bran) crumb portion of [C], the aqueous concentrate of [G] and the protein-rich portion of dehydrated [F] are mixed to form a wet animal feed product. ,

[I] It consists of a series of sequential steps in which the wet animal feed product of [H] described above is dried to produce the final animal feed product.

The particle size reduction step [B] (d) in the process of the present invention consists in crushing the wet second portion of (c) to reduce the endocrine oil particle size. Or the particle size reduction step [B] (d) consists of returning the second part of (c), which is composed of large endosperm particles, to the immersion step (a) and the next milling step (b) to reduce the particle size.

The present invention is carried out as follows, for example.

Referring to FIG. 1, dry wheat grains are sieved, for example, to remove extraneous material or bran from the outside. The resulting cleanings are preserved for use as ingredients in the manufacture of animal feed products. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, after washing, the wheat kernel is weakly immersed in water, such as a weakly acidic immersion solution such as sulfurous acid having a concentration of about 2000 to 4000 ppm of sulfur dioxide or an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide having a pH of about 10 to 11.5. Immerse in solution. The weight ratio of water and wheat kernels is preferably about 5 to 1 to 6 to 1. The grains are immersed briefly, for example, for about 15 minutes to 2 hours, or until the moisture content of the grains is about 25 to 35 parts by weight, based on wet conditions.

During dipping, the grains are continuously suspended in the process (immersion) water with vigorous stirring and the temperature is preferably raised to about 32-54 ° C. The temperature may be recycled by immersion water (process water) through a heat exchanger or other conventional liquid temperature control methods. During soaking, the softening and swelling of the wheat cracks the outer skin or shell of the wheat grain, releasing the components of the grain, such as starch particles and other insoluble wheat grains, into the process water (immersion water). After the first immersion step is completed, it is desirable to treat the immersed slurry to separate such insoluble particles from the entire grain. This is preferably done by passing the slurry through a sieve having a pore size of about 50 to 700 microns.

The debris remaining on the body consisting of wheat grains is collected and crushed to loosen the outer layer and reduce the particle size to about 700 microns or less, making it easier to separate the grain into its components. The filtrate, which has passed through the sieve, contains insoluble wheat particles, which are mixed with the discharge from the mill to form a mixture of ground and finely divided wheat particles with process (immersion) water. If desired, this optional procedure may be omitted, and instead all submerged particles from the first dipping step may be milled in the next step.

Emissions from the mill or a mixture of pulverized and pulverized particles are passed through a centrifuge such as a cyclone, for example, 7.62 cm in diameter, if any intermediate milling step is applied to set the particle size and settle. The first part (overflow flow) of size less than about 33 microns (overflow flow), consisting of seeds, fibers (brans), and small endocrine particles, depending on the speed difference, and the second portion (under Flow flow). The first part is collected for direct treatment in the second immersion step without going through an intermediate process. The second portion is recycled further through the milling process of FIG. 2 or through the dipping and milling process of FIG. 3, reducing the particle size to about 53 microns or less. After grinding, the second part is mixed with the first part and subjected to another separate dipping step.

As in the first immersion step, the temperature is raised to about 32.2 to 54 ° C., and it is preferable in this additional immersion step to maintain suspension with strong stirring in the process water (immersion water). As it is a continuous process, the process water is transported from the first immersion stage and no new process water needs to be added.

내지 9

보오메의 비중을 가지는, 공정수내에 현탁된 형태로 침지탱크로부터 제거된다. 슬러리는 약 37 내지 53미크론의 구멍크기를 가지는 체를 사용하여 걸려서 실질적으로 모든 섬유(밀기울)과 씨눈을 작은 내배유입자로부터 분리한다. 체위에 남은 섬유질 부스러기는 수집 및 세척되어 전분입자와 다른 소맥입자를 분리한 후에 탈수(여과)된다.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the acid concentration or the pH of the base can be changed by contacting the wheat particles for a considerable time. If necessary, an appropriate amount of base or acid can be added to the process water and readjusted. In general, the immersion time in the second immersion step is determined by the immersion time in the first immersion step, but is preferably about 1 hour 45 minutes to 5 hours 45 minutes. The total immersion time is preferably about 2 to 6 hours by combining both immersion steps. Referring back to FIG. 1, once this immersion step is complete, insoluble wheat particles consisting of seed and fiber and endocrine particles are preferably about 7

To 9

It is removed from the immersion tank in a suspended form in the process water, with a specific gravity of bome. The slurry is sieved using a sieve having a pore size of about 37 to 53 microns to separate substantially all fibers (brans) and seeds from small endosperm particles. Fibrous debris remaining on the body is collected and washed to separate starch and other wheat particles and then dehydrated (filtered).

The filtrate or wash water is mixed with starch slurry collected and fiber removed to separate into starch rich and protein rich portions. The separation treatment is carried out with a device consisting of a starch separation centrifuge and a starch washing hydroclone, or a device consisting of a starch separation and washing.

내지 7.5이고, 각 단을 지나는 압력강하가 약 5.62 내지 10.55㎏/㎠이면 충분하다.For example, the starch slurry from which the fibers have been removed may pass through a plurality of hydroclones in about 11-13 stages with reverse flow arrangement. The inner diameter and conical opening angle of the hydroclonal unit and the pressure drop of each unit stage are selected such that the rotational speed of the feed material such as starch slurry is controlled to be sufficient to separate the wheat starch from the gluten-protein. Standard hydroclone units, which typically have an internal diameter of about 7 to 10 millimeters, have a conical opening angle of about 5

To 7.5, and a pressure drop passing through each stage is about 5.62 to 10.55 kg / cm 2.

The terms A starch and B starch are used in this field to roughly separate the wheat starch composed of granules into two types according to their particle size and sedimentation rate. Starch B is composed of starch granules that settle at a rate similar to wheat gluten, so that the conventional techniques and devices cannot easily separate them.

On the other hand, starch A is composed of starch granules that are significantly different in sedimentation rate from wheat gluten and B starch and are easily separated from them.

The 11th stage underflow, consisting of starch-rich flow, is collected for drying. This yields a good quality wheat starch.

One-stage overflow, consisting of a protein-rich stream containing B starch, is concentrated by centrifugation to facilitate filtration to remove some water, and the dehydrated (filtered) or centrifuged solids are treated directly without filtration. Can be. The filtrate or centrifuge is evaporated to form an aqueous concentrate solution containing up to about 50 parts by weight of solids. The filtered solid is mixed with the cleaning portion, the concentrate from the evaporation step and the dehydrated (filtration) fibrous debris from the fiber (bran) separation, washing and dehydration steps to form a wet veterinary feed mixture. The wet mixture is heated to dryness at a temperature of about 102 to 121 ° C. to obtain a final animal feed product having a moisture of about 10 to 12 percent. In a preferred embodiment, the process water from the step of concentrating and dehydrating (filtering) the protein-rich part is evaporated to form a concentrate aqueous solution and recycled to the wet mill of the process and reused for dipping. Are separated into separate flows. In this way, the process water is used very efficiently. It is worth noting that throughout the whole process, the wheat grains can be milled wet to avoid injury to the starch granules.

In general, the process provides about 53 to 59 parts by weight of top wheat starch (about 85 to 90 percent starch yield based on the total weight of endocrine particles) and about 41 to 47 parts by weight of dry animal feed. Animal feed contains about 25 to 32 parts by weight of wheat protein.

The process of the present invention will be described in more detail in the following examples.

EXAMPLE

46270 g of red winter wheat containing about 12.2 parts by weight of unwashed (based on dry solids) are passed through a sieve consisting of a round hole of 0.64 cm diameter and then passed through a 12 mesh size and wire screen. Virtually all wheat bran and other externally attached unnecessary material are removed from the wheat kernel, yielding about 907 g wheat cleanings. The washed wheat grain is fed into a 863.7 liter stainless tank with water at a rate of 1360 g per minute and 8.6 liters per minute. The mixture of water and wheat grains is vigorously stirred to keep the wheat kernels uniformly suspended.

Sulfur dioxide gas is fed from the pressurized cylinder into the mixture at a rate of 22.7 g per minute sufficient to have a concentration of 2000 ppm sulfur dioxide on a water phase basis. The temperature of the process water (immersion water) in the tank is maintained at 49 ° C by recirculating water through the heat exchange mechanism. Immersion time in the tank was 1.5 hours. The wheat kernels and process water then sink to a paddle screen with a 28 mesh sieve. Wheat particles over 700 microns in size remain on the surface of the sieve. They are collected and sent to an impact mill that rotates 4200 per minute, reducing the particle size to about 700 microns or less. The filtrate from the paddle screen, consisting of process water and wheat particles less than 700 microns in size, is mixed with the emissions from the impact mill consisting of wheat particles reduced to less than 700 microns in size.

The mixture is injected into a cyclone operated at a pressure drop of 0.35 kg / cm 2. Overflow flow from a centrifuge consisting of process water, snow, fibers (bran), and endocrine particles with a particle size of about 53 microns or less is directed to a stainless steel immersion tank with a capacity of 1363.8 g. The underflow flow from the centrifugal separator consisting of process water and endocrine particles with a particle size of about 53 microns or more is recycled to be immersed and comminuted into a first immersion tank with a capacity of 863.7 liters.

보오메의 비중을 가지는 소맥입자와 공정수 또는 전분슬러리의 혼합물은 직경 37미크론의 구멍을 가지는 포(cloth)를 갖춘 체질기구를 통과한다. 포위에 남은 부스러기는 미세한 소맥섬유 및 전분과립으로 구성되었으며, 수집되어 물로 세척되어 전분 과립을 분리하고 여과된다. 체질기구로부터의 여과액과 섬유질 부스러기로부터의 세척수는 혼합되어 단일흐름이 된 다음, 11개의 10밀리미터 돌크론(Dorr clone)단으로 구성되는 히드로클론 분리장치를 통과하게 된다.The wheat grains in the J. immersion tank are vigorously stirred at a temperature of 470 ° C. for 2.5 hours to maintain a suspended state. Next, about 8

A mixture of wheat grains having a specific gravity of bome and process water or starch slurry is passed through a sieve having a cloth having a hole of 37 microns in diameter. The remaining debris consists of fine wheat fibers and starch granules, which are collected and washed with water to separate and filter out starch granules. The filtrate from the sieve and the wash water from the fibrous debris are mixed and single flow, and then passed through a hydroclonal separator consisting of eleven 10 millimeter Dorr clone stages.

The underflow flow from the final stage consists of A starch, which is collected and dried to produce the highest starch product. Overflow consists of starch B and wheat gluten protein, which is collected, concentrated and dehydrated (filtered). The filtrate that is not reused in the process is evaporated to have about 50 parts by weight of solids. The solids remaining in the filter unit are mixed with the concentrated filtrate and the wheat cleansing and fiber crumbs already collected during the process to form a wet animal feed formulation. The wet blend is dried to a water content of about 10 to 12 percent at a temperature of about 121 ° C. to provide a dry animal feed product.

Thus, 24500 g (ie 53 parts by weight) of the highest wheat starch and 21770 g (ie 47 parts by weight) of dry animal feed were obtained. Animal feed contains 5580 g (ie 25 parts by weight) of protein, based on dry solids.

From the foregoing description, it is apparent that modifications and variations of the inventive process are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

The wheat kernels are washed to separate unnecessary substances from the outside, and the dipping and crushing to form starch slurry to separate the parts consisting of fiber (bran) crumbs from the starch slurry, and to wash and dehydrate and wash the starch slurry to remove the fibers. To separate the starch-rich and protein-rich portions, concentrate and dehydrate the protein-rich portions to obtain dehydrated protein-rich portions and filtrate, and evaporate at least a portion of the filtrate to increase the solid concentration. A continuous wet wheat meal which is mixed with cleanings and dehydrated fiber (bran) crumbs with an aqueous concentrate and a portion rich in dehydrated protein to form a wet animal feed product which is then dried to produce the final product. In the process, the wheat grains are immersed, removed from the immersion treatment and are still wet. Phosphorus immersed kernels are pulverized to reduce particle size, and the pulverized kernels are separated into a first part consisting of seeds and fibers (bran) and small endocrine particles and a second part composed of large endocrine particles, and a wet second Wet milling of wheat grains in a sequential step consisting of reducing the size of the endosperm of the portion and immersing the starch slurry to form by mixing it with the first portion consisting of seed and fiber (bran) and small endosperm. Wet milling method for refining wheat, characterized in that.

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