KR810001079B1 - Graphic display systems - Google Patents

Abstract

Graphic Display Systems comprises; an array of picture element sources, said picture element sources arranged in a stationary element matrix of element columns and element rows corresponding to the dot matrix so as to every element row to be arranged parallel to the direction of apparent motion of the graphic. The Dot element is arranged to be more than two display state periods and not exceed 250milliseconds.

Description

Graphic display

1 is a diagram of a graphic (including letters, numbers, figures) display device according to the present invention.

2 is a circuit diagram for illuminating an individual light on the display screen.

3 is an arrangement diagram for addressing a column which is the display screen of FIG.

4 is a diagram for explaining how a message displayed on a display screen is stored and retrieved.

5 is a diagram of a char-ter generator illustrating how information is obtained, arranged, and provided in any suitable format for display screens.

6 is a circuit diagram of a display panel for continuous switching.

The present invention relates to a display device. As used herein, the term graphics refers to letters, words, numbers, signatures, etc., alone or in combination thereof, also arranged in pixels arranged in a dot matrix, and symbols and art in black and white or natural colors thereof. Include the work. In particular, the present invention is applied to display in a public place to convey information, advertisements, etc., and can also be applied to a wide range of display devices of all sizes for the individual or the public. All current display technologies, including public signs, signals and televisions, are not always reliable based on theoretical assumptions. Images formed in the observer's eye are not all pixels from the display in their proper position at any moment or for a short time. It is made to detect. In order to give the viewer a higher perception, the display device needs to form a more visible image. For this reason, all conventional display methods simultaneously display pixels at appropriate positions on the two-dimensional surface of the viewer. Or within a short time interval, the observer's eye captured the spatial arrangement of pixels and attempted to detect the preserved image. Therefore, it was necessary to fill the two-dimensional display surface with all crystal and vertical dense pixel sources (light or the same means) consistent with the grain pattern of the image. For example, when a character is to be displayed, it is necessary to provide sufficient display light source in the vertical direction representing the vertical component and sufficient display light source in the horizontal direction representing the horizontal component.

In order to represent all alpha-bit characters and other symbols, it was necessary to provide a matrix-type display light source arranged in rows and columns to form all kinds of shapes and form shapes of different shapes.

In displays with elaborate granular patterns, such as television sets, the set of pixel light sources is a set that covers all positions on the fluorescent surface targeted by the electron gun, and is usually a position of 512 x 512, or somewhat different, depending on specific criteria. do. In a display device with a finer grain pattern, the position at which the pixel is displayed is small and the resolution is lowered. Conventional visible display devices that transmit messages have fewer pixel sources (pixel light sources, hereinafter referred to as pixel light sources) and therefore have low resolution and limited characters and symbols they wish to display.

The device described so far is opposed to the visible display device, which is limited to a fixed image only and shows a mobile graphic. In order to display a graphic showing smooth movement across the surface of the display device, all the conventional methods are to display a complete graphic of a continuous scene of a fixed image at each moment occupying a display state period several times. Using the temporal and spatial arrangement for this continuous scene could create the illusion of proper operation.

The display state period herein refers to the number of scans required to complete the transmission of this information by starting to describe all the necessary information transmitted for a fixed image given a pixel on the display screen, and to any number of times for a given fixed image. Regardless of how long this information is maintained while it is meshed. The display state period is until the pixels start to display information about different fixed images in which the pixels on the display screen change instantaneously. The moving image is composed of successive fixed images each occurring in a new display state period. Another conventional technique is based on the assumption that all information related to a given fixed image is transmitted to the display screen during the display state period.

Thus, display surfaces for moving graphics, such as worded messages, numerical information, and advertising materials, are dense into a pixel source that allows the graphic to be displayed in full resolution at each unique instantaneous location of the illusion, indicating smooth operation. Is filled. In contrast, the present invention is based on the assumption that only one eighth part of all possible images associated with a given fixed image can be displayed in a given display state period for displaying a moving message or image. This reduction in the number of pixel sources allows a small number of remaining pixel sources, i.e. lights, to be arranged on a wide spaced strip or to another arrangement as described later, which matches the same number of pixel sources. With three or more such strips, all observers can see any range of messages or images in motion across the entire display surface, and even across a wide space between strips or pixel sources arranged in other ways. View messages or pictures.

The resolution of the image as seen by the observer is a function of the pixel density in the direction perpendicular to the apparent path of travel of the image, which is the number of rows in which the pixels are generally distributed, and also in a direction parallel to the path of reliable travel. It can be seen that it is independent of the density of the pixels present. When explaining the present invention.

If a person looks at a sign behind a pile fence and assumes that the sign is moving, at some point, the person sees a portion of the sign that can be seen through a vertical slit in a lined pile fence. Over time, passing the entire signboard, the person can see the entire advertisement through each vertical slit on the fence. Information about the advertisement is in each slit so that the actions that occur in each slit are repeated in the same order in the next slit that is aligned as parts of the advertisement move from one slit to the next. This can be seen by the observer as though the entire ad is moving despite the fact that his vision is limited to the action in the slit as it passes through the billboard, as will be the factor that moves at the correct speed. This appears to move even if the advertisement is very long beyond the length of the fence by a very large factor.

In the simplest form of the invention the slit is replaced with a vertical strip of light. Between the vertical strips there was an empty space corresponding to the pile of the pile fence. The width of this void can be measured by the number of rows or vertical strips without light. In the following description, for convenience, assuming that each empty space is a column width, the graphic to be displayed is electrically displayed as a numerical image or description item composed of vertical columns. The first strip of lights arranged from the right to the left of the screen is lit for a fixed period of time, which is the display state period, according to the numerical value representing the first column of the graphics arranged to read from left to right. After the first display period, the second column of graphics is displayed and each column is displayed in sequence until each vertical column is displayed. The second strip of light is lit in the same way as the first strip before the state of (C + 1) display period. This is called a group of (C + 1) display state periods as the display period. Then, when the first strip is lit according to any column M of the numerical image of the image, the second strip is lit according to the column [M- (C + 1)] of the numerical image.

Similarly, the action on the second strip is repeated on the third strip, another marking period, and the same for each successive strip. This display is a set of widely spaced vertical strips where the light is distributed over n rows. Each strip of lights is lit during each display state period in accordance with the numerical display of the graphic information string. The display order on one strip of the display device is repeated after the display period and on the next display strip. This display allows the viewer to make sure the advertisement appears to move and fill the entire display surface, including the space between the light strips. The advertisement appears as if the column of graphics moves from the first displayed strip to the later displayed strip. The observer knows the vertical resolution n, where n is the number of rows in which the light is distributed on the strip. Thus, the observer may seem to move the graphic at some stage because many pixels are included in the vertical dimension, as if the lights were scattered and arranged in rows within the strip. The observer can also see as many pixels in each column of the horizontal area, such as S + C (S-1), that sums each (S-1) group of strips of light (S) and the empty columns (C) between the strips. have. The display surface itself may be regarded as a window at any moment of the image of n × [S + C (S-1)] pixels. Graphics of arbitrary length, such as very long quotations in the text, are displayed so that the whole can be seen, even if only one part is seen at a moment.

The reduction of the information used in the present invention can be arbitrarily employed in which only one eighth of the possible information of the identity related to a given fixed image is used. This part can be 1/6 or 1/10 or any suitable ratio, which in turn should be 1/8 which means that only 1/8 of all possible pixel sources on the screen are needed and more Even when a large number of pixel sources are not operated, there is no distortion of the entire moving graphic, and it is not recognized unless the failure of the light is concentrated in the rows and columns.

The invention is based on a known phenomenon in physics, such as the beta phenomena characterized by the following: If two lights appear briefly and continuously in different regions of the retina, they tend to appear in a continuous direction. It is. However, this phenomenon here is suitable for simple shapes such as several lights or letters representing one location and then another location. However, the present invention can be applied to more complex phenomena such as letters, signatures, numbers, etc., which are not indicative of the whole but are displayed as part of the whole in a fixed display light source that produces an image of the entire character while continuing to move across the screen. do.

The graphic display device of the present invention utilizes this phenomenon to provide a means of describing a complex shape moving on the display surface. However, for the successful operation of the device, certain factors that govern the phenomenon of beta motion must be reinforced in the operation and function of the device. One of the most important changes that should cause an image is the time interval between the display of information given for a portion of the first display light source and the display of the same information for the second display light source. This time interval refers to the interval between the start of the first display light source and the start of the second display light source, which is the same as the display period. The present invention works best when this time interval does not exceed 250 milliseconds. This image can be applied to an array of lights different from the one previously described. The strip of light may be positioned horizontally instead of vertically. In the case of switching this position, the description already described for the vertical arrangement of the strip can be applied to the horizontal arrangement. This illusion can also be achieved by a staggered array of lights.

The display surface is formed of a matrix consisting of (n) rows and (C + 1) columns. Therefore, each matrix is formed of cells of n (C + 1). The arrangement of lights for an ideal matrix would have n lights in at least one matrix and one row in each row. In the simplest case, all the lights are in one column and the other columns are empty. In other cases, the lights are assigned to several rows and can be distributed throughout the (C + 1) column by a distribution manipulator. (C and dispensing controls need not be constant for all matrices on the marking surface). In practice, fewer than n lights in a matrix can sustain a certain effect without difficulty, but the loss of information about a row in the matrix can only be achieved by the corresponding lights in close association or by the matrix. Each matrix of the display device may be referred to as a set of (C + 1) columns, and each column may include no light, one light, or may include one to n lights. The lights available for each column are lit according to the numerical values on the pixels in that column and the corresponding row of the graphic.

The first column is lit starting with the first matrix, where the lights are available to match the first column of graphical information. The second column of the first matrix is lit in the next display state period following the first column of the image. At the same time, the first column is lit following the second column of the graphic. After the first display period, all columns of the first matrix are lit, and the light here is available for the (C + 1) th column that matches the first column of graphic information and the (C) th column that matches the second column. After the first display period is completed, the first column of the graphic information is continuously moved to control the first column of the second matrix, while the (C + 2) th column of the graphic information controls the first column of the first matrix. This process continues in the above manner until all the matrices have worked and the lights in the columns of the matrix are under the control of the graphic rows at that location. The technology thus far relates to the nature of display screens for use in the graphic display device according to the invention.

From now on, it will be described by which means the information is transmitted to the light of the display screen. There are two basic ways to do this, the serial version and the parallel version, which are described next. These two transitions are representative and consist of common parts.

1. Means for generating a graphic to be displayed on the display screen may be a keyboard or a teletype or a magnetic tape or a code device.

2. Microprocessors or memories arranged in an appropriate way to store graphics and display them on the display screen. In the two transitions, the neitas that appear on the display screen are arranged in an appropriate way, for example 1 or 0, where 1 is The command is to turn on the light, and 0 is the command for continuous or vice versa.

3. There is a data line or line that carries a microprocessor or memory for the display screen.

4. Each of 16 L.E.D. 32 columns of self-displaying screens with (light emitting diodes), each column after 7 empty columns and one column with lights equal to the width of one column of the graphic to be displayed (number of lights, number of columns The number of columns and the width of the columns for distillation, marking lines are variable and the size and number of the choices to be made are determined by convenience). The difference between the two switchings lies in the method in which data is extracted from the storage device and transferred to the display screen. Two distinctions must be made for all information arriving at screens via data lines.

a) which of the 32 columns is addressed,

b) which of the 16 positions is addressed.

Sequential conversion solves these problems in the following way. Data is obtained continuously from storage as a series of single bits. These bits arrive one bit at a time via the data line for the first row of lights, and the appropriate lights in this column are lit when enough bits have arrived to make a "command" to all 16 lights in this first column. This command in succession determines which of the 16 writes is meant for the command. For example, the first command applies to the first light, and subsequent second commands apply to the second light in the same column.

In this example, the first column is connected to storage to receive a series of 16 commands. This column has its own local memory where the bits are stored as they arrive. After the lights have been checked, the storage device in the column 1 is stored with a command similar to the information of the first seven empty columns (columns without lights) following the column 1. Therefore, this information is not displayed. After each display period, this information is stored in the next row, and this process continues along the screen that is displayed each time the information arrives in a column with lights. Therefore, the second column with lights is concatenated from the seven empty columns after the first column with lights. Each row depends on the previous one, and the local "memory" in each row is indispensable for this operation.

In a parallel conversion, each row is separated by memory and fed with discrete data. This storage proceeds by transferring data to row 1 and then to row 2. In the sequential method, what appears in one column must appear in each and in all other columns, while in the parallel method, other columns can represent different data if necessary. Therefore, every column has its own line connected to the microprocessor or memory. In this example, there are 32 such lines. Also the problem of addressing each light in each column is made in a different way. Each column has 16 lights. Therefore, there are 16 rows of lights across the display surface. Each row is individually addressed.

In a parallel conversion where data is not continuously output from the memory, it is organized into blocks of 16 bit words, where the 16 bits form information for one complete column. In each of the 16 lights in column 1 there are 16 different data lines connected to the processing unit or memory. The data for the first column is on the first of these data lines and the data for the second column is on the second line.

Thus, 16 bits with all the necessary information for the column 1 are transmitted all at the same time instead of one bit at a time.

The method of addressing a light means that the data for a light at a particular location in one column is independent of the data for a light at another location.

In a sequential transition, when one data bit is missing or lost, all sequential data bits are no longer advanced unless they are continuously checked, but are not necessary in a parallel transition. From the above, it can be seen that there are two methods (parallel and sequential) for each of the two problems (column address and write address).

The two examples of the invention described below relate to pure parallelism and pure sequencing, and also to Hybrid and other conversions. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The value display device according to the present invention should perform the following two basic functions on its own display screen.

1. Arranged in an instantaneous fixed image or pattern screen made possible by addressing a particular light in a row or column.

(Naturally this instantaneous fixed image disappears as so many lights disappear from the display screen.)

2. This momentarily fixed image or pattern causes the general observer to show a complete graphic along the surface of the display screen in a predetermined direction.

The following describes how this function is performed. 1 shows the necessary apparatus for parallel switching to address the display screen. In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a display screen and only a part of the entire surface is shown. Reference numerals 2 and 3 each have 16 L.E.D. (light emitting diodes) as vertical columns.

The symbol 4 represents a gap between these columns, which are formed of seven rows, which are called "blank columns" because they do not have lights. It consists of seven blank columns followed by 16 columns of vertical light, and is repeated over the surface of the display screen until there are 32 rows of 16 LEDs. At the same time, the entire row forms 249 rows. [In order to expand the display by combining the module and module, 7 empty columns are required after the 32nd column with LEDs, which makes up 256 columns.] 32 × 16 = 512 on the display screen There are LEDs and 16 rows of 32 lights each are organized on screen.

The sign 5 is a character generator, which is organized in a manner suitable for receiving the data constituting the message and transmitting it to a display screen.

In this example, there are 16 L.E.D.s in each column of screens, so the character generator organizes and displays each graphic in the column, and each column has (6-1) bits for each L.E.D. These bits are '1' or '0', indicating an 'on' command for the appropriate L.E.D.

These 16 bits, which have all the information for a column, are called 16-bit word. The letter 'B' to be shown in the screen is shown in the screen as follows.

This character consists of 14 columns, and there are two types of columns that can be used to create this character: columns (1), (2), (3), (13) and (14) or spatial columns ( Columns without information, such as spacecolumn, and other types, consist of columns with textual information, such as columns 3-12, which make up the text width of ten body columns.

The third column from which the typeset begins is composed of four binary 1 bits, counting vertically.

The fourth column has 14 binary 1 bits like the fifth column, and the sixth column consists of 6 binary 1 bits.

The symbol 6 is 16 data lines extending from the character generator to each of the 16 rows with lights on the display screen. This data line is connected to the appropriate bits for each column with the characters in the character generator, in such a way that the first bit in a row corresponds to row 1 on the display screen and the second bit is connected to row 2. The connection continues.

Each L.E.D. on the display screen is connected to an AND gate and a latch (SCR) as shown in FIG. These AND gates for all L.E.D. in a particular row are connected to each other on one side of the AND gate input by a common data line 7 which in turn is connected to the appropriate data line of the sign 6.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 13 denotes an AND gate, where reference numeral 7 denotes a reference line of a row with the same data line as reference numeral 7 in FIG. 1, and reference numeral 12 denotes a reference symbol in FIG. A strobeline, such as 12, which is a reference to the column. This AND gate 13 (described below) causes the SCR driver / latch 14 to be turned on by a tripulse pulse, and then the SCR 14 is predetermined to which the LED 15 should be turned on. It is off during the time interval of.

In this example, this time interval is 10 milliseconds.

When the display device is activated, the character generator begins to supply its own information to the 16-bit word in the manner described below. As information is provided to each 16-bit word, a positive bit is generated, and each time a D.C. It carries voltage and activates one side of each AND gate 13 in each row.

The sign of the column can be determined by using what can be called a conventional decoder counter (8), which is a counter that counts the columns of the message, which is the output from the character generator, and which counters writes light to the display screen. It consists of a decoder that decides to match the columns that it has. This decoder counter 8 has a unique output for every row without light marked with a sign 9.

However, all outputs connected to the column with the light use the first, ninth, and seventeenth columns. The ninth of the decoder counter 8 is connected to the proper row by the straw brine 10. Inside each column, the other line of AND gate 13 for all L.E.D. 15 is vertically connected and this vertical link 12 is connected to the appropriate straw brine 10. Therefore, the L.E.D. (15) connected via the AND gate 13 can also be addressed individually with reference numerals of one column and one row.

The decoder counter 8 is connected to a column as follows. When each row of characters is provided to the character generator 5, a pulse is transmitted to the decoder counter 8 via line 11. This pulse acts to indicate that data on line 6 is valid. This pulse also serves to form the number of rows since the decoder counters 8 serve one purpose as new rows are provided.

The decoder counter 8 is thus described as running simultaneously with the character generator 5. When the character generator reads the column 1, the decoder counter 8 emits a pulse which is input along the straw brine 10 into the column 1 on the display screen 1.

This principle is not suitable for the number of strawbrains in which 32 are used, and the following modification is illustrated with respect to FIG. The difference between a row's connection line or data line 6 and a column's connection line or straw brine 10 is that the row's connection line transmits data for each of 16 different rows at a time and only one column at any given point in time. It can be addressed.

This makes it easy to apply the strawbrain to the next modification. The display screen 1 is arranged in three parts, and the symbols thereof are adapted to FIG.

(1) Matrix (16)

The matrix 16 is formed of eight consecutive rows, and in this embodiment, one matrix having sixteen L.E.D. and seven empty columns.

(2) panel (17)

Panel 17 consisted of eight continuous matrices as described below.

(3) Module

The module consisted of four continuous panels 17 as described below. Therefore, this module contains 32 matrices.

The problem of addressing one column is solved by assigning one column to the matrix 16 in the panel 17 of one module.

The eight columns of each matrix using the binary system are addressed because they use three bits, and the eight matrixes of each panel are addressed because they use three bits, and the four panels use only two bits. Can be addressed.

The decoder counter 8 is thus arranged in octave as shown in FIG. 3, where i) three outputs addressing a column in a matrix and ii) three outputs addressing a panel in a module. The sign 11 is a line which transmits a field coming from the character generator 5 to increment the decoder counter 8.

A pulse representing the number of rows increments the decoder counter 8 one for each step. As the message displayed on screen 1 moves in the given direction, the decoder counter ensures that the rows are addressed in the correct order.

The first octave (i) in the decoder counter (8) is from 0 to 7, and eight rows in the matrix are individually addressed to move to the second octave (ii) once the eighth count. If all 16 lights in a particular matrix are concentrated in one row and the remaining seven rows become rows without lights, the first octave (i) is actually redundant (16 lights If more than one column of a given matrix is distributed, the first octive is used as an integrator function).

In this example, there are only five scrobries, indicated by ML and PL in FIG. 3, from decoder counter 1 from which the first octave has been deleted to the display screen (1).

The three lines, shown in Fig. 3, from the octave (ii) of the decoder counter 8, address the matrix 16 and are connected through the entirety of the display screen 1.

Within each panel 17 is a binary coded decimal (BCD) decoder chip or some similar decoder device, as indicated by a code (DC). Each of these chips is connected by one circuit to the eight matrices belonging to each particular panel and on the other hand to the three strobin MLs described above. As information is input from the strawbrain, it is coded and the appropriate matrix 16 is activated.

Thus all four panels 17 receive the same information. The remaining two outputs from the decoder counter giving the panel designation signal are input to the decoding chip into the display screen or a control box located a little distance from the screen.

The decoding chip is then branched into four separate straw brine PLs and each line is input to panel 17 one by one to generate a panel reference signal by the appropriate field.

When the PDC chip is on the display screen and the sign (7), it can be effectively performed with five straw brains. As can be seen from the above, the manner in which the display screen is addressed depends on how the information related to the graphic to be displayed is organized.

As described previously, the second main function of the display device is to form an image or pattern that is fixed to the display screen imprint on the general observer by moving it along the surface of the screen in a predetermined direction and simultaneously moving the image. While it shows the complete graphic. This method relates to how the information related to the graphic to be displayed is organized.

The character generator related to the description of the second main function will be described next.

The information for a given graphic is organized as follows.

1. The text of the graphic or message to be displayed on the screen is read with a code source, which may be a keyboard, teletype or various other devices.

2. Graphics are made by a code device with its own character converted to an 8-bit ASCII code, which in the case of RAM controller 23 enters RAM 20 (random access memory) and sequentially It is addressed and stored in the memory | storage device (FIG. 4).

The character generator 5 and the RAM 20 are located in a control box far from the display screen.

3. The device has been switched on the display mode (eg when the message has to appear on the display screen) and the original text of the message in RAM 20 is sequenced to the character generator 5 in the ASCII code. (For each address of storage at one address at a time in increasing order of address size).

4. This character generator 5 is a ROM (read only memory (composed of binary counter, latch and other logic devices shown in FIG. 5)).

The ROM 40 is divided into two parts, an area of an address field and a character format. The information about each character in the character format part is stored in the ROM 40 in a standard format (designed by a technician or others in the same field) suitable for providing as a component string as already described.

All information in this example occupies more than 3.5K bytes.

Address fields are used to specify a significant portion of a given character and find the appropriate information there.

An 8-bit ASCII code representing a particular character is output from the RAM 20 to the character generator 5 via the output 21 and directed to the address field via the address register 41.

Addressfield Converts 8-bit ASCII (when this is not enough to address a lot of memory) to a 12-bit binary address that appears in the data register 42.

This 12-bit binary address is then fed back to the address register 41 by line 43. The address register 41 specifies the correct storage device in the character format portion.

Below is a reference drawing, which explains how to place the graphic 'B'.

RA = ROM address

LI = light information

CN = column number

The ASCII bit code is converted in the address field of ROM 40 to the 12-bit binary address 010000110000, which appears as 2060 in octal. This address register 41 is loaded in 2060 (octal).

This address is indicated in the lower left corner of the drawing (2).

In this address, the appropriate information about the graphic #B \ is stored in the sequential address storage, and each address storage is composed of 1 byte.

As described above, in this example, each column has 16 writes and requires 16 bits of information and two bytes form one column.

A graphic has two types of columns: type strings and space strings immediately preceding and immediately linked to the type strings. It is not necessary to repeat this information for each graphic when the spatial sequence matches the graphic-independent information that you want to generate. Therefore, these bytes, called space strings, are omitted in order to eliminate storage in the ROM 40.

Each graphic in a sequential address store begins with a byte that summarizes the column information in its graphics format and describes how different types of columns occur. This byte is called a control word.

This is stored in address 2060 in the figure on page 26 and denoted 052 in octal, or 00101010 in binary. This control word was split in half so that the four most significant bits represent the number of spatial sequences on both sides of the character string and the four less significant bits represent the number of character strings.

Thus, the space sequence 0010 = 2 = 2 is on both sides of BB and the column 1010 = 10 = 10 contains the letter string BB. Therefore, the graphic B's total width is 14 rows. (Use of 1 byte for the control word means that the maximum number of spatial sequences or maximum number of character strings is arranged in columns of 1111 = 15, with 15 space sequences, 15 letter sequences, and 15 spatial sequences = 45 columns. This method also includes a uniform number of spatial strings on both sides of the text).

The information from the control word generates many pulses, such as the number of space trains transmitted to the decoder counter 8 via line 11, resulting in the appearance of graphics.

This increment of the decoder counter 8 occurs before the address register 41 proceeds to the next storage location, 2061 (octal).

Referring again to the drawing on page 26, the storage location 2061 has one byte, denoted as 11000000 in binary or 300 in octal. Reading the figure, it can be seen that this information relates to the top half of column 3 of graphic #B ', so that the first two L.E.D.'s are turned on in this column and the next six L.E.D.'s are turned off.

Address position 2062 is read as 00001100 or 014 (octal) so that for the second half of this particular column the first four L.E.D.s are off, the next two are on, and the other two are off.

The first fourteen lights are turned on in column 4 of character " B " so that position 2063 is read as 11111111 or 377 and position 2064 is read as 11111100 or 374.

As the information about the columns is in different addresses for the two bytes, the overall information about something is a 16-bit parallel place called the first register via the line 44 called the data register 42. The second byte, which is written in the upper half of the shift register and the second byte via the line 45, is written in the lower half of the register 42, so it is compiled.

When register 42 is fully compiled, a pulse is sent to decoder counter 8 along line 11 via character generator controller 46. The rising edge of this pulse indicates that the data is valid and that The falling side represents the increment of the decoder counter 8.

[The function of the character generator is controlled by the character generator controller 46, which consists of a logic device and is connected to the RAM controller 23.] This method reads all the characters of the character. Is repeated until

[It can be seen that the character generator 5 uses an address field that is susceptible to ASCII code and also uses a control word. In particular, since the proper information is not stored in the space train, the control word can economically use the space train in the ROM 40.

A 200-character repetoire, each containing 16 rows or a few spaces and types, requires about 6.4K bytes but can be reduced to less than 4K bytes depending on the technique used. One of the advantages of the present invention is that the punctuations, such as the period and comma, have variable thicknesses of letter and spatial sequences so that they cannot occupy as many characters as alphabet characters. It also looks very beautiful with the balance given in the message appearing on the display screen (1).]

For the character generator 5, each individual graphic is described in such a way that it is transmitted from the code device to the display screen. However, graphics can consist of a combination of words, numbers and ideograms.

The method by which the character generator 5 processes this graphic continuously and appears on the display screen 1 is shown.

RAM 20 may have 1024 single graphics in this example. However, for easier addressing, this repertoire is arbitrarily divided into eight parts or pages, each page consisting of 128 single graphics.

The page designation is generated from the keyboard (not shown) by the 3-bit address. This address is transmitted by the ASCII code from the keyboard interface to the RAM controller consisting of an AND gate or OR gate and the other logic circuits (23) via the line (22).

This RAM controller 23 adjusts both the functions in the RAM 20 and the functions between the RAM 20 and the character generator 5.

The message itself from the controller 23 is input to the RAM 20 via the line marked 24, while transmitted to the page lapse 25 via the page designation signal line 26. Therefore, one graphic can be stored in the page 6 without filling the first five pages.

This graphic is input to the character generator 5 in a continuous step or scanning manner via the via line 21 stored in the RAM 20 (see FIG. 1). When the display screen 1 has a fixed length, each scan also has a fixed length, and the start point and end point of each scan by the body change during the course of the scan.

These two variable points, depending on the starting point of the scan and the length of the scan extension, are controlled by two registers, one called the scan register 27 and the other called the multiplex register 28. The scan register 27 defines the starting point of the body in RAM for a particular scan. This minimum position is given by page latch 25. Starting from the point indicated by the scan register 27, the multiplex register 28 alternately supplies each individual graphic to the character generator 5 (FIG. 1) according to the length of the body in successive addresses. The process proceeds until a command is received in the text indicating the end of the text, or until a signal indicating that the cover screen 1 is completely filled or scanned is received. Upon receipt of the command and signal, the multiplex register 28 returns to the value indicated by the scan register 27, which is required only for 640 microseconds or for the time required to complete each scan. Shall be.

Multiplex registers are used for segmentation during this parallel conversion.

[Multiplex means that information is not displayed at the same time while scanning, but only one row at a time to move in the correct order. When each syringe rod continues for 640 microseconds, each row is turned on for 1/32 hours, or 20 microseconds, of 640 microseconds. This change in column occurred very quickly, allowing the general observer to see all 32 columns illuminated at any one time. In this example, each column is on for 300 microseconds during the display period lasting 10 milliseconds and there are 15 scans at the same time. While it is in a pure multiplex state, each individual light only turns on for a short time interval, which makes the lighting unclear. To eliminate this latch, it was used to increase the impact coefficient for each LED as shown in Figure 2 to obtain an impact factor of 90% or more.]

All registers 27 and 28 address the individual graphics, which are separated into the appropriate columns only from the magnetron and transferred from there to the display screen (1).

Each display state period on this screen 1 advances the graphic at the speed of the graphic row as long as it is opposed to the predetermined direction of the graphic motion. As each display state changes, this progression must be controlled by the character generator 5 and the heat here is not controlled by the RAM 20. The duration of the display state period is controlled by a timer 47 located in the character generator 5. This timer 47 is adjusted at regular appropriate time intervals and is described in this example as 10 milliseconds. At the end of the display state period, the timer 47 sends a pulse to an upcounter called a connected state counter 48 via line 49. This pulse increments the state counter one by one. During the initial display state period, the state counter 48 is set to zero. The initial display state period is explained as follows.

To facilitate the description, assume that the graphic appearing on the display screen is moving from the right side of the viewer to the left side. Therefore, the graphic starts at the right side and crosses the screen or progresses while filling the screen momentarily and ends at the left side. As an example, consider the latter, in which the graphics proceed independently from the left side of the screen in this initial display state, and in each new display state period, the columns disappear from the left side one by one, which is different from all other individual graphics. The warming period is shortened and disappears.

This progress graphic must then be described in a different way that distinguishes it from the other characters that make up "continuous progression". The state counter 48 is connected with this progress graphic. When this state counter 48 writes 0, this means that the column 1 (counting from left to right) of the advancing graphic is on the display screen 1 with respect to the left side.

At the end of the first display period, the timer 47 pulses a state counter 48 that increments by one and writes one. This means that one column of the advancing graphic advances with the edge of the display screen so that all the columns successively move forward by one position in a predetermined direction.

The state counter 48 operates in the following way. The decoder counter 8 is not operated until the number of rows in the progress graphic supplied by the character generator is equal to the number in the state counter. A down counter 50 called a state down counter is connected to the state counter 48. At the beginning of each scan is loaded equal to the number of state counters 48.

(The value in the state counter 48 changes with each display state period and becomes a constant for 15 separate scans during one display state period.

The state down counter 50 is decremented by the pulse on the line 11, and the decoder counter 8 is activated when the output of the counter 50 is zero. For example, if the state counter writes 2 at any time, it means that the first two columns of the progress graphic have disappeared to the left side.

The character generator 5 sends two pulses to the decoder counter via line 11. The decoder counter 8 is stopped by the state down counter 50 via line 51 while this pulse continues. Since the state counter has a parity between the count and the number of pulses connected to the blocked counter, the decoder counter 8 is not blocked and information about the column 3 is received by the decoder counter 1. It becomes the first information and transfers this information to the column 1 on the display panel 47.

The above process continues until the timer 47 has counted enough display state periods to count all the columns forming the progress graphic on the display screen. There are fourteen rows in graphic #B \ and when they are all weakened on the screen, the state counter 48 records 14. However, other types of counters not connected to timers are connected to each character generator. These are down counters and are used simultaneously with the state counters (52), (53) and (54). Although already described, the first byte or control word in contiguous address storage in RAM 40 for a given graphic contains column information. From this byte, data is stored in the three down counters 52, 53, and 54, which are stored in (52) for the space sequence before the letter string, and in (53) for the character string, for the subsequent space sequence. Is remembered at 54. First all columns containing the character in question go through [the first and third of down counters 52 and 54 have the same information], and all of these downcounters record zero when this information is sent to the display screen. do. However, the state counter 50 remains in the state of recording the number 14 in itself. An anomalous state is reached which causes the character generator 5 to cue the next subsequent character from the RAM 20. The scan register 27 for the RAM 20 is set to B while 14 columns are progressed while the progressive graphic B is displayed. After the end of the process of BB, the scan register 27 must be incremented by one and continues in the next individual graphic.

This is done by an AND gate and when it is in the above anomalous state, pulses are transmitted to the scan register in RAM via line 29, so that they are incremented by one. After an increment of one occurs and the new graphic induces progress, the state counter 48 is reset to zero and a new character appears intact on the left side of the display screen (1). Since it is reset to zero for each new progressive graphic, it can be seen that the operation of the state counter is independent of what form the initial display state period took).

Therefore, the character generator 5 controls the scan register 27 which gradually moves its starting point along the graphic. The character generator 5 also controls the multiplex register 28 for the RAM 20. Like the scan register 27, the multiplex register 28 can be configured as individual graphics, but the progress across the screen 1 progresses at a rate of one column at a time and these columns are stored in the character generator.

Multiplex register 28 requires a signal to be received as each new graphic proceeds. Therefore, at any point in time, while the character generator shows the current graphic on the display screen (1), the signal passes through the demand line (30) connecting the character generator (5) to the RAM (20). Is transferred to the RAM controller 23. This signal increments the multiplex register 28 so that the multiplex register 28 has another graphic or command in the body of the message.

This graphic or command is shown by the RAM controller 23 via the comparator 31 and then the RAM controller 23 has a “data ready” line if there is another individual graphic at any suitable time. A signal is sent to the character generator via 32, after which the individual graphics are transmitted to the character generator 5. If this is the last command (e.g., the end of the message), then the RAM controller 23 is connected to the display screen 1 such that the character generator 5 sends a blank space signal to the display screen 1. According to the interaction.

When the ROM 40 completes the current graphics process, it corrects the next individual graphics sent by the RAM 20.

The following describes how a single graphic and a string of individual graphics are placed on the display screen and how information about these characters proceeds. In describing this, a timer 47 having a display state period of 10 milliseconds is referred to as an example.

This display state period is related to the time interval described on page 9. This time interval is very important for creating a clear motion image for the normal observer as already described herein.

If the display state is 10 milliseconds C = 7, this time interval is recognized as 80 milliseconds. However, the time interval is clearly not fixed. In practice, the best time interval for a given part of the device is experimentally within the range already described.

An important structural feature of the graphic display device according to the invention related to this time interval is the selection of the light for use in the display screen. It shall be capable of fast turn-on and delay-off of the speed necessary for the operation of the device and shall remain on for as long as possible under these operating conditions. Therefore L.E.D is most suitable. However, for larger billboards, lights such as xenon lights are used, and suitable devices for future technological developments may be used.

The following describes a method of selecting 1/8 of all information for a fixed state image given a parallel version. Referring back to FIG. 5, the decoder counter 8 is divided into three octaves as already described.

(I) of this first octave counts rows and is not connected to the display screen (1). However, in the decoder counter 8, this octave has a driver (transistor) and latch when all three octave outputs are zero (meaning column (1)) and the signals via line 56. A character generator output 55 consisting of SCRs is encoded to be sent to the device. When a 16-bit parallel register 42 is loaded with information for one row, one pulse is sent to the decoder counter 8 via line 11.

The rising edge of this pulse indicates the validity of the data. When the first octave is set to 0 in the decoder counter 8, one pulse records data from the 16-bit parallel shift register 42. Is transmitted to the character generating output unit 55, and when this is effectively done, one pulse causes the data to be sent to the line via the line 6.

When the first octave on the decoder counter records any value above 0 but equal to or less than 7, the character generator does not record any information and 7 of the 8 columns of information are ignored.

(The fraction of the information not used in this description has been ignored, but this could be inferred sufficiently and all or part of it may be stored in any suitable device, such as an 8 × 16 parallel shift register, at any suitable time. Made available.)

The reduction of information transmitted to the display panel in parallel switching causes a reduction in baud rate by 1/8 compared with other visible display devices of the same resolution and the same multiplex (multiple switching) period.

Although the parallel conversion has been described in detail, the serial version can be understood with reference to the above description. Sequential conversion is functionally simpler than the two examples above, but requires significantly larger duplex components.

In particular, the number of parts increases in the display screen 1.

For all columns of light (or in all matrices) it is necessary to cause the following change from parallel conversion. Referring to FIG. 6, each of the sixteen LEDs 66 for two consecutive rows and the last or thirty-second row of this example are described. Each LED has one exciter and an AND gate as shown in FIG. 2, but the links are connected to one leg of the AND gate of each row and the other leg of the AND gate is not connected to the connection line.

The AND gate is shown at 65 in FIG. 6, and one leg of each of the 16 AND gates is directly connected to the 16 bit shift registers in parallel with respect to the row of lights. As already described, this data in continuous form is written to the shift register 60 via line 63 (by line 64).

After each shift register 60 is locked, one leg of the AND gate 65 for the appropriate LED 60 in the column is activated whenever a binary 1 bit indicates a light on. . After 16 clock pulses (for example, many time pulses such as the number of LEDs present in the example), the timer 47 in the character generator 5 has one pulse to activate the other leg of the AND gate 65. Is transmitted via line 6 to illuminate the appropriate LED 66. The illumination period continues in this case for an adjustable period and after four clock cycles much of the next data begins to be loaded into this shift register 60. It can be seen that while some period of time in the sequential transition is lost, the shift register 60 is rolled in a continuous manner.

As already described, the time of the display cycle is important for representing the image of a certain movement. In this example, the display state is for a period of 10 milliseconds and must enhance the time and the lighting severity it takes to roll the seat shift register for sequential transitions.

[The 10 millisecond period in a parallel conversion includes the time taken for one injection of the milliplex (multiple switching) period, for example 640 microseconds. All impact coefficients for parallel and sequential conversions are limited, but the so-called intensity of contrast above 90% is negligible and does not appear bright because it gives some irritation to the group. In any case, a relatively low impact factor extends the lifetime of the LED for a given current.

However, since a larger value is used for faster pulses and lighting periods to record data in the shift register 60, a larger impact coefficient must be obtained for sequential switching.

When data is written to the shift register 60 via the tin 63, this data is also written to the 8x16 = 128 bit sequential shift register 62 via the same line 63. After the first lighting period, data for the new graphic string is written to the shift registers 60 and 62. This process continues for eight lighting or display periods in the first column, after which the 8x16 bit sequential digit shift register 62 has 8x16 bits of information. When the ninth column of this graphic is written to the shift registers 60 and 62 simultaneously, the first 16 bits stored in the register 62 are successively input to the shift register 60 connected to the second row of lights. The shift register 62 is also connected to the second column via line 67.

Thus, when the ninth row of graphics appears in the first row of lights, the first row of graphics appears in the second row of lights, and this process continues throughout the entire width of the screen, e.g. 32 columns.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 5A, the following changes occur in the character generator 5. The character generator can be operated without the character generating output 55 as well as the state counter 48 and the decoder counter 8.

Information about the graphic string is input from the ROM 40 into the data register 70. In parallel conversion, this data register is a 16-bit parallel shift register, whereas in a sequential transition, it becomes a 16-bit shift register and data is input in parallel and data is output sequentially. When information is input to the data register 70, this information is recorded in a 16 clock cycle controlled by a division by 16 counters located in the character generator controller 46.

This information is output from the data register 70 via the data line 63 with a time pulse traveling along the line 64 from the controller 46.

When enough 16 time pulses have occurred to activate the data register 70, the controller 46 transmits one pulse via the line 70 to the timer 47 which is activated for a predetermined period of time. As described it is equal to the period for the 4 clock cycles).

Timer 47 operates controller 49 via line 72 and controller 46 transmits a ignition signal along screen 61 to screen. As described earlier, when 16 time pulses are generated, a signal is transmitted to the address register, and then 16-bit word is transmitted to the data register 70 in the ROM, and this process is repeated on its own. Sequential switching and other parallel switching of the channel to transmit a signal to the display screen proportional to the number of cells on the display screen occupied by the pixel source and to receive information about the entire cell on the display screen. Has a decrease in bandwidth.

In all transitions during all the display state periods, the information is not information for advancing the display state periods, but information from different regions of the storage device.

Parallel transitions are different from sequential transitions, which can only operate to a limited extent. This action also occurs in the orthogonal direction of graphics movement. To do this, either function can be integrated into the character generator connected to the screen in a horizontal displacement. Parallel conversion also allowed characters of limited height to move simultaneously across the screen in two different directions.

Accordingly, the present invention is a display device for depicting a mobile graphic in which a series of fixed images are formed in successive display state periods, and are composed of pixels arranged in dot matrix form internally, and includes the following apparatus.

(1) means for supporting an array of pixel sources, the pixel source having control means for displaying a visible signal upon receipt of an electrical signal, and the pixel source having an arrangement of a matrix of rows and columns corresponding to the dot matrix. All rows, which are groups of matrix cells arranged parallel to the direction of movement here, contain pixel sources spaced at regular intervals throughout their length, and are arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement. It has a pixel source between every column and column, which is a group of matrix cells, where n is equal to the number of rows in the matrix.

(2) further comprising means for transmitting said electrical signal to a control means, said signals being transmitted in successive groups, wherein each group is arranged so as to be aligned with a display state period. Each signal in this signal group transmitted to is coded to represent a pixel of the dot matrix representing an instantaneous fixed image associated with the display state period, which pixels correspond to the position of the pixel source connected to the control means. The successive groups of signals cause the coded signals in the next display state period to display the pixel source of the dot matrix in the same row as the pixel source previously displayed with the light sources of the given pixel source, Displayed adjacent to the opposite direction. If the number of pixel sources in the array is slightly less than the number of pixels in the dot matrix, and there is only one display state period while the display graphic is represented by all cells of the occupied dot matrix, then the instantaneous fixed image is incomplete and unrecognizable. The total duration of the display state period required for displaying the signal is 250 milliseconds in the direction of movement, representing the pixel source of the graphic in dot matrix form from the pixel source in the given row of the array and transmitting the signal to the next light in the same row. Was not exceeded.

Claims (1)

In the graphic display device for depicting at least one or more moving graphics composed of pixels arranged in a dot matrix form as a series of fixed images are produced in a continuous display state period as shown and described in the text, A matrix of rows and columns that match the matrix, an array of pixel sources that make up all the elements that make up a group of cells arranged at right angles parallel to the direction of movement of the graphic, and the position and pixels of the dot elements in the portion of the graphic matrix. When the positions of the circles coincide, the pixel source of the display state period is illuminated, and the portion of the graphic matrix in the display state period connected to the pixel source so that the series of fixed images does not exceed 250 milliseconds for the entire period of the display state period. A portion of the graphic matrix can be sampled to generate a signal Display of graphics including hayeoseo.

Images