KR20210040288A - Tools and cutting inserts for internal cooling, and their manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A cutting insert is provided comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface extending therebetween, the side surface comprising at least one conveying direction-facing side surface and at least one radial-facing side surface. Each of the chip breakers is formed on the upper surface, and at least one linear groove is disposed in parallel and adjacent to one of the conveying direction-facing side surfaces. The chip breaker is characterized by a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side. Each of the conveying direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute-angled conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and each of the radial direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute-angled radial direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying The direction-angle is greater than the radial-angle.

Description

Tools and cutting inserts for internal cooling, and their manufacturing method

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to cutting tools, and in particular to cutting tools comprising a cutting tool holder and a replaceable cutting insert.

Cutting tools are commonly used in machining operations. Such cutting tools typically include a cutting tool holder and a replaceable cutting insert mounted thereon. Since the cutting insert performs the actual machining, it can wear out. This wear occurs, for example, due to heat, mechanical stress, etc.

In typical use, once the cutting insert is worn sufficiently to no longer be effective to perform the required function, the machining operation is stopped and the cutting insert is replaced.

According to an aspect of the presently disclosed subject, a cutting tool including a cutting insert mounted on a cutting tool holder is provided,

The cutting insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side extending therebetween, the side surface comprising at least one conveying direction-facing side and at least one radial-facing side, the upper surface constituting a chip breaker, respectively, One or more linear grooves arranged in parallel and adjacent to one of the conveying direction-facing sides are formed, and the chip breaker has a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side, and each conveying direction-facing side Is arranged at an acute-angle conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, each radial-facing side is arranged at an acute radial-angle of an acute angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying direction-angle is greater than the radial-angle;

The cutting tool holder is configured to advance radially during a cutting operation, and the cutting tool holder has a base, a radially-facing sidewall extending upwardly from and disposed across the radial direction, and a radially-facing sidewall extending upwardly from the base and radially-facing Conveying direction-facing sidewalls disposed across the sidewalls, wherein the insert seat space is defined above and between the sidewalls, the base being transverse to the radial direction and about a first axis perpendicular to the conveying direction-facing sidewalls. Inclined upward in a direction away from the radial-facing sidewall;

The cutting insert is accommodated in the insert seat space with its lower surface facing the base.

The cutting insert can be mounted in the insert seat space of the cutting tool holder such that one or more radial-facing side surfaces are arranged parallel to the radial-facing side wall of the cutting tool holder.

The cutting insert may include an oppositely disposed feed direction-facing side and an oppositely disposed radial-facing side.

The cutting insert may further include a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward its upper end (i.e., upper end of the cavity) disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side and the cavity The upper part of the defines a thin-walled structure between them.

The cutting insert may further include one or more ribs protruding into the cavity from the upper end of the cavity.

The base of the cutting tool holder may be tilted further upwards in a direction away from the sidewall of the conveying direction-about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis and parallel to the radial direction, wherein the inclination with respect to the first axis is zero. It is tilted at an angle greater than that about the 2 axis.

The cutting tool holder may be configured to advance toward a workpiece rotating about a workpiece axis, the cutting plane passing through the workpiece axis parallel to the radial direction, and the first axis being parallel to the cutting plane.

The cutting tool may be configured to perform a turning operation.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a cutting insert comprising a top face, a bottom face, and a side spanning therebetween, the side comprising at least one feed direction-facing side and at least one radial-facing side. Cutting inserts are provided,

On the upper surface, each chip breaker is formed, and at least one linear groove is formed parallel to and adjacent to one of the conveying direction-facing side, and the chip breaker features a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side. And

Each conveying direction-facing side is arranged at an acute-angled conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, each radial direction-facing side is arranged at an acute-angled radial-angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying direction-angle is a radius Direction-greater than the angle.

The cutting insert may include an oppositely disposed feed direction-facing side and an oppositely disposed radial-facing side.

The cutting insert may further include a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward its upper end (i.e., upper end of the cavity) disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side and the cavity The upper part of the defines a thin-walled structure between them.

The cutting insert may further include one or more ribs protruding into the cavity from the upper end of the cavity.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cutting tool holder configured to hold a cutting insert to form a cutting tool and to advance radially during the cutting operation, the cutting tool holder extending upwards from the base and radially A radial-facing sidewall disposed across the direction, and a conveying-facing sidewall extending upward from the base and disposed across the radial-facing sidewall, the insert seat space above the base and the cutting insert therein. Is defined between the side walls to accommodate,

The base is inclined upwards in a direction away from the radially-facing sidewalls about a first axis crossing the radial direction and perpendicular to the conveying direction-facing sidewall.

The base is further inclined upwards in a direction away from the sidewall of the conveying direction-about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis and parallel to the radial direction, where the inclination with respect to the first axis is inclined with respect to the second axis. It is tilted at a greater angle than.

The cutting tool holder may be configured to advance toward a workpiece rotating about a workpiece axis, the cutting plane passing through the workpiece axis parallel to the radial direction, and the first axis being parallel to the cutting plane.

The cutting tool holder may be configured to perform a turning operation.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a method of manufacturing a cutting insert is provided, the cutting insert comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface spanning therebetween, the side surface being at least one feed direction-facing side and It comprises at least one radially-facing side, and the method includes the following steps:

-Providing an intermediate insert; And

-Passing the convex cutting tool along the upper surface in parallel and adjacent to at least one of the conveying direction-facing surfaces to form a linear chip breaker;

Here, the chip breaker is characterized by a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side.

The cutting insert may further include a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward its upper end (i.e., upper end of the cavity) disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side and the cavity The upper part of the defines a thin-walled structure between them.

One or more conveying direction-facing sides may be arranged at an acute conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, each radial direction-facing side is arranged at an acute radial-angle of an acute angle with respect to the upper surface, and conveying direction-angle Is greater than the radial-angle.

The convex cutting tool may be a grinder.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a method of manufacturing a cutting insert is provided, the cutting insert comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, a side surface therebetween, and a cutting edge defined on a top surface and a portion of the side surface, The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward its upper end (i.e., upper end of the cavity) disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side and upper end of the cavity Defines the thin-walled structure in between, and the method includes the following steps:

-Providing an intermediate insert comprising a cutting insert and a protrusion protruding from the outer surface of the thin-walled structure; And

-Removing the protrusions.

The protrusion can be removed with a grooved grinding tool.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cutting tool holder comprising a body having an insert seat space formed at an end for mounting the cutting insert, the body comprising a base and at least one side wall defining the insert seat space. The cutting tool holder further comprises a nozzle protruding into the insert seat space, wherein the nozzle comprises an orifice at a first end disposed in the insert seat space, and a cooling providing device configured to provide a cooling medium at the second end. In fluid communication with.

The nozzle can protrude from the base.

The nozzle can be opened to the insert seat space at a point spaced from the base.

The orifice may be placed above the base at a distance of at least half the height of the sidewall.

The nozzle can be arranged obliquely relative to the base.

The cutting tool holder may further include a fluid outlet open to the insert seat space.

The nozzle may be formed as a single element of the body or may be attachable to the body.

The cooling providing device may be configured to provide a cooling medium such that turbulence occurs after exiting the nozzle.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cutting insert comprising a cutting edge defined on an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface therebetween, and a part of the upper surface and the side surface, the cutting insert having a cavity formed therein. Further comprising, the cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward its upper end (i.e., upper end of the cavity) disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side and upper end of the cavity have a thin-walled structure therebetween And the cutting insert further includes at least one auxiliary discharge hole extending between the upper end and the side of the cavity.

The opening may form an inlet and an outlet for the cooling medium, and the total cross-sectional area of the auxiliary discharge hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the outlet defined by the opening.

The cutting insert may further include one or more discharge outlets formed at least partially on a side adjacent to the lower surface.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cutting tool comprising a cutting tool holder as described above, and a cutting insert as described above mounted in the insert seat space, wherein the nozzle of the cutting tool holder comprises a cavity of the cutting insert. Protrudes inward.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a method of performing a cutting operation is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

-Providing a cutting tool as described above;

-Performing a cutting operation on the workpiece; And

-Providing a cooling medium to the cavity of the cutting insert through the nozzle during the cutting operation.

The cooling medium may be liquid nitrogen as it exits the nozzle.

The cooling medium can be provided at a pressure of up to 25 atm.

The cooling medium can be provided at a rate of less than 0.5 liters/minute.

The cooling medium may be provided at a pressure at which turbulence occurs after exiting the nozzle.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cutting insert comprising a cutting edge defined on an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface therebetween, and a portion of the upper surface and the side surface. The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, the inner surface of the cavity includes a front inner surface and a rear inner surface adjacent to the side surface, and the front and rear inner surfaces span between openings formed on the lower surface, and Hung upwards toward the upper end of the adjacently disposed inner surface, the side and upper end of the cavity defining a thin-walled structure therebetween, the cutting insert further comprising one or more ribs protruding from the upper end into the cavity;

At least a portion of the ribs form a cuspated edge in the first portion of the distal portion closer to the posterior inner surface, spaced apart from each other and bottom-facing in the second portion of the distal portion closer to the anterior inner surface. It is characterized by a side surface having a surface.

In order to better understand the subject matter disclosed herein and to illustrate how it can be performed in practice, embodiments will be described below by way of non-limiting example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a perspective view of an example of a cutting tool according to the presently disclosed subject matter.
2A is a perspective view of a cutting insert of the cutting tool shown in FIG. 1.
2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 2A.
2C is a bottom perspective view of the cavity of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 2A.
Fig. 2D is a bottom perspective view of a cavity of another example of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 2A.
2E is a partial perspective view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 2D.
3A-3E are partial cross-sectional views of an upper front corner of a different example of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 2A.
4A is a perspective view of a cutting tool holder of the cutting tool shown in FIG. 1.
4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 4A.
5A is a perspective view of a nozzle of the cutting tool holder shown in FIG. 4A.
5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 5A.
6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 1.
7A shows a method of manufacturing a cutting insert.
7B is a perspective view of an intermediate insert for use with the method illustrated in FIG. 7A.
7C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 7B.
7D is a plan view of removing the protrusion of the intermediate insert shown in FIG. 7B.
8A shows another example of a cutting tool according to the presently disclosed subject matter.
8B is a perspective view of a cutting insert of the cutting tool shown in FIG. 8A.
8C and 8D are side views in the radial direction and the feed direction of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 8B, respectively.
8E and 8F are rear perspective and side views, respectively, of the cutting tool shown in FIG. 8A during a cutting operation.
8G and 8H are a perspective view and a side view in the conveying direction of the cutting tool holder of the cutting tool shown in FIG. 8A, respectively.
8I and 8J are side views in the radial and conveying directions of the cutting tool, respectively, showing the clearance angle defined by the side surface of the cutting insert when mounted on the cutting tool holder.

As shown in Fig. 1, a cutting tool is provided, indicated as 10 as a whole. The cutting tool 10 is rigidly mounted to the cutting tool holder 14 (e.g., as described and/or shown in US 2016/0368061, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). 12). The cutting tool 10 may further include a base plate 16 disposed between the cutting insert 12 and the cutting tool holder 14, for example made of widia. The description herein of the features of the cutting insert 12 and/or the cutting tool holder 14 may include a cutting insert 12 in which the cutting tool 10 is rigidly mounted to the cutting tool holder 14. You will understand that there is. The cutting tool 10 may further include a base plate 16 disposed between the cutting insert 12 and the cutting tool holder 14, for example made of widia. As components of the cutting insert 12 and/or the cutting tool holder 14, the features described herein, shown in the accompanying drawings and/or shown in the accompanying drawings and/or referred to in the appended claims, are: It will be appreciated that it may be provided on the base plate 16 and vice versa.

2A and 2B, the cutting insert 12 includes an upper surface 18, a lower surface 20 and a side surface 22 spanning therebetween. When the cutting insert 12 is mounted on the cutting tool holder 14, a part of the upper surface 18 constitutes a rake surface, and a part of the side surface 22 constitutes a relief surface, A cutting edge 24 is defined at the intersection of the rake surface and the relief surface (ie, top and side surfaces), and the bottom surface 20 is typically held flat with respect to the cutting tool holder. The cutting insert 12 may further include, for example, a chip breaker 25 formed of a curved channel formed around at least a portion of the periphery of the upper surface 18.

In the description and claims of the present specification, terms related to directions such as top, bottom, top, bottom, etc. and terms similar/related thereto, unless otherwise indicated or clear from the context, the cutting tool 10 and its components It will be appreciated that, on the basis of typical use of s, it is used with reference to the orientation in the accompanying drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the components. Likewise, forward (and terms related thereto) denotes a direction toward the workpiece, and rear (and terms related thereto) denotes a direction away from the workpiece.

The cutting insert 12 is formed to have an internal cavity indicated as 26 as a whole. The cavity 26 includes an opening 28 formed in the lower surface 20 of the cutting insert 12 to provide access to the cavity from the lower surface thereof. When the cutting insert 12 is mounted on the cutting tool holder 14, for example as described above, the opening 28 of the cavity 26 is adjacent to the cutting tool holder 14. The front and rear inner surfaces 30a, 30b of the cavity 26 converge toward its upper end 32, so that the width of the cavity decreases along the height. (In this disclosure, the entire inner surface is denoted using reference numeral 30.) The shape of such cavity 26 is the cooling medium into the interior (typically a fluid, e.g. water, but any other such as gas or liquid). Of the suitable fluid can be used) and its simultaneous discharge during the cutting operation (eg, along the flow path indicated by arrow A in FIG. 6 ). Accordingly, the opening 28 may constitute an inlet and an outlet of the cavity 26.

The cavity 26 is formed such that the upper end 32 of the cavity 26 is adjacent to the cutting edge 24, for example, the front inner surface 30a of the cavity and the front of the side surface 22 are interposed therebetween. Defines a thin-walled structure.

In the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, a description/citation of the cutting edge 24 adjacent to a portion of the cavity, a thin-walled structure between the outer surface of the cutting insert 12 and a portion of the cavity 26, And (e.g., as apparent from the context) another similar description/remark is that the introduction of a cooling medium such as liquid, gas, combinations thereof, etc. into the cavity during the cutting operation is for example a cutting insert in the vicinity of the cutting edge. It will be appreciated that the amount of material between the outer surface of the cutting insert and the cavity is sufficiently small, so as to significantly reduce the temperature of the cutting insert, as mentioned for the construction of the cutting insert, clearly conveyed to the skilled person. The importance of reducing the temperature is that the useful life of the cutting insert increases, for example, at least as much as it decreases due to the loss of structural integrity that can occur by providing a thin-walled structure near the cutting edge. For example, the thickness of the thin-walled structure between the upper end 32 of the cavity 26 and the cutting edge 24 and/or between the front surface 30a of the cavity and the front of the side 22 is, for example, It may be less than half the height of the cutting insert 12 (ie, the distance between the upper and lower surfaces 18, 20). According to some examples, it is less than 1/3. According to another example, it is 1/4, 1/5, 1/10, or less of the height of the cutting insert 12.

According to some examples, the thickness of the thin-walled structure does not exceed 2 mm at the thinnest point. According to another example, the thickness of the thin-walled structure does not exceed 1 mm at the thinnest point. According to another example, the thickness of the thin-walled structure does not exceed 0.5 mm at the thinnest point.

As best shown in FIG. 2C, according to some examples, one or more ribs 34 (reference to a single element, e.g., a rib in this specification, applies mutatis mutandis, unless otherwise noted, such Is to be understood as implicitly including an example in which one or more of the elements are provided) is formed on the inner surface(s) 30a, 30b of the cavity 26, for example at or near the upper end 32 thereof. Can be. Such ribs 34 can facilitate reducing the thickness of the thin-walled structure in the vicinity of the cutting edge 24, and can further reduce the thickness required to withstand the forces generated during the cutting operation. In addition, providing the ribs 34 increases the surface area of the inner surface(s) 30a, 30b of the cavity 26, thereby promoting more efficient cooling by the cooling medium.

According to some examples, as shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E, each rib 34 may include an oppositely disposed side surface 34a. The distal ends of the side (34a), i.e. the portion protruding furthest into the cavity (26), the first portion of the distal portion of the rib (34) adjacent the rear inner surface (30b) of the cavity (26). Meet to form a cuspated edge 35a extending along it. Further, according to these examples, the second portion of the distal portion of the rib 34 adjacent to the front inner surface 30a of the cavity 26 is bottom-facing (i.e., generally cutting insert 12 ) Is formed with a surface 35b (arranged toward the lower surface 20). It will be appreciated that portions of the distal end of side 34a adjacent to bottom-facing surface 35b are spaced apart from each other, resulting in ribs 34 having a thickness therebetween. Thus, the rib 34 is reinforced in this area, particularly with respect to the tensile strength, the importance of which is discussed below.

When the cooling medium is directed toward the rib 34 from a direction along the rear inner surface 30b of the cavity 26 (for example, using a nozzle 50 described later with reference to those shown in Figs. 4A to 6), Its velocity is very fast when it first strikes the rib, which occurs in the first portion of the distal portion of the rib 34 adjacent to the rear inner surface of the cavity. Thus, the cooling provided thereby is relatively high. However, as the cooling medium flows along the side 34a of the rib 34 toward the front inner surface 30a of the cavity 26, it becomes considerably slower. This is significantly less as the cooling medium approaches the second portion of the distal portion of the rib adjacent the front inner surface 30a of the cavity 26, with the increase in temperature of the cooling medium as heat is extracted from the rib 34. Results in providing positive cooling. In addition, it has been found that, for example, during a cutting operation in which the ribs 34 are placed under the chip breaker 25, the portion of the ribs placed furthest from the inner surface is subjected to the most stress.

Thus, the rib 34 is experienced as described above and as shown with reference to FIGS. 2D and 2E, in particular by the first portion of the distal portion of the rib (i.e., adjacent to the posterior inner surface of the cavity). Compared to the stress level that becomes, it is characterized in that it is strengthened, especially in areas subject to high levels of stress during the cutting operation. Since this area of the ribs 34 does not significantly contribute to the cooling provided by the cooling medium as described above, the increased thickness of the ribs does not have a significant effect on the cooling provided by the ribs. However, increased tensile strength in regions that typically experience the highest levels of stress can increase the effectiveness of the cutting insert 12.

2D and 2E show an example in which the cutting insert 12 includes three ribs 34, but the cutting insert can be used with one or any other suitable number of ribs without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter. It will be appreciated that you can have. Moreover, the ribs 34 may be located centrally, for example symmetrically within the cavity 26, or off-center, ie asymmetrically located therein. The selection of the location of one or more ribs 34 may be to optimize the provision of cooling and to optimize the strength of the cutting insert. It may be useful to provide the ribs 34 off-center, for example, if during use the off-center portion of the cutting edge 24 comes into contact with the workpiece to perform the task; Thus, for example, a surface area for increased mechanical strength and/or heat dissipation can be provided as close as possible to the part of the cutting edge that engages in the cutting operation.

It will be appreciated that one or more ribs 34 comprising an edge surface 34b as described above may be provided as part of any suitable cutting insert, for example described in patent document US 2016/0368061.

The cutting insert 12 is, for example, at or near its upper end 32 (e.g., according to the example in which the cutting insert comprises all of the ribs as well as one or more auxiliary discharge holes, at least a portion of the ribs 34 and It may further include one or more auxiliary discharge holes 36 spanning between the cavity 26 and the outer surface of the cutting insert 12 (at the same height). The auxiliary discharge hole 36 may have any suitable shape, such as a round shape, for example to maintain the strength of the thin-walled structure formed between the cavity 26 and the side surface 22.

When a cooling medium is provided in the cavity 26, a small part of it exits through the auxiliary outlet hole 36, for example providing further cooling of the cutting insert 12, especially in the area near the cutting edge 24. do. According to some examples, the auxiliary discharge hole 36 opens at the outer end to the side 22 (ie, the relief surface) of the cutting insert 12. Thus, they facilitate supplying the cooling medium directly to the work piece from the inside of the cavity 26, so that it can be cooled. Furthermore, a part of the cooling medium exiting through the auxiliary discharge hole 36 may contact the side surface 22, thereby further cooling the cutting insert 12 from the outside. Further, since a part of the cooling medium introduced into the cavity 26 during the cutting operation exits through the auxiliary discharge hole 36, the rate of introduction of the cooling medium into the cavity 26 can be increased.

Since the auxiliary discharge hole 36 has a much smaller cross-sectional area than the opening 28 of the cavity 26, only a small part of the cooling medium inside the cavity can pass (on the other hand, the rest of it escapes through the opening). You will see that; Therefore, in order to lower the temperature of the cutting insert 12, most of the cooling medium introduced into the cavity 26 during the cutting operation exits through the opening 28, and only a small part of it exits through the auxiliary discharge hole 36. I'm going.

As shown in Fig. 3A, the auxiliary discharge hole 36 is substantially horizontal (i.e., parallel to the upper and/or lower surfaces 18, 20) and may have a constant cross section, and/or (respectively in Fig. 3b And as shown in 3c) it will be appreciated that it may be provided inclined upwards or downwards. Further, the auxiliary discharge hole 36 may be characterized by a cross-sectional area that increases or decreases along its length (eg, as shown in FIGS. 3D and 3E, respectively), regardless of the direction.

According to some examples, the cutting insert 12 further comprises one or more discharge outlets 38 (eg, open) in flow communication with the bottom portion of the cavity 26. The discharge outlet 38 facilitates the discharge of the cooling medium from the cavity 26 during use when the cooling medium is supplied. The discharge outlet is formed at least partially on the surface 22 of the cutting insert 12 so that the discharged cooling medium is discharged even when a fluid path through the lower surface 20 is not available.

The cutting insert 12 may include other features recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, including, but not limited to, mounting holes 40 without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter.

4A and 4B, the cutting tool holder 14 includes a body 42 having an insert seat space 44 for mounting the cutting insert 12, formed at its distal end. The insert seat space 44 is formed between the base 46 and two sidewalls 48 extending generally upward therefrom. The base 46 and the sidewall 48 may be formed to correspond to the lower and rear sides 20 and 22 of the cutting insert 12, respectively. (In the example shown in FIG. 4, the base 46 corresponds to the base of the base plate 16, not shown, having an upper surface corresponding to the lower surface 20 of the cutting insert 12).

The cutting tool holder 14 further includes, for example, a cooling nozzle 50 protruding from the base 46 to the insert seat space 44. The nozzle 50 may be formed as an integral element of the body 42 or may be configured to be detachable from the body 42. According to some examples, the nozzle 50 is tilted in a distal direction relative to the base 46. The nozzle 50 may be disposed so that the supplied fluid is sprayed toward the upper end 32 of the cavity along the rear inner surface 30b of the cavity 26.

5A and 5B, the nozzle 50 includes an inlet orifice 53 through which the cooling medium enters the nozzle, and as will be described later, the cooling medium exits the nozzle and the cutting insert 12 It includes a through bore 51 spanning between the outlet orifice 52 provided in the cavity 26. The shape of the bore 51, such as a profile along the length, for example, for one or more of the considerations mentioned below, for example one or more desired flow characteristics (e.g. pressure, Reynolds number, Dean (Dean) water, etc.), may be according to any suitable design. In addition, the nozzle 50 is, for example, to facilitate the installation/removal of the cutting tool holder 14 to the main body 42, to allow gripping by an external tool such as a wrench, a plurality (especially It will be appreciated that the gripping portion 55 may include an even number of outer peripheral planes 57 (such optional features are typically not included, for example the nozzle is formed as a single element of the body 42). ).

According to some examples, the nozzle 50 extends above the base 46 at more than half the height of the sidewall 48 so that the cutting insert 12 is mounted within the insert seat space 44 within the cavity 26. The exit orifice 52 is positioned deep inside it so as to protrude a considerable distance.

According to some examples, the cutting tool holder 14 further includes a cooling providing device, generally denoted 54. The cooling providing device 54 is a conduit 56 which is connected or can be connected at the discharge end for the nozzle 50 and at the supply end for a cooling medium source (not shown), for example along the length of the body 42. ) Can be included.

The cooling medium source may include, for example, a pump, such as known to those skilled in the art, configured to provide cooling medium to the cooling providing device 54 at a specific capacity. According to some examples, the cooling medium source further comprises an additional booster, for example an electric pressure booster, configured to increase the pressure of the cooling medium supplied thereby. According to another example, the cooling medium source may be operated to lower the feed rate to increase the pressure of the cooling medium (e.g., a pump configured to provide 50 liters/minute of cooling medium at a pressure of 20 bar, It can operate to provide 1 liter/min of cooling medium at a pressure of 100 bar).

The cutting tool holder 14 may include a fastening bore 58 for receiving and fixing a fastening member such as a screw 60, which is open to the insert seat space 44, therein. Fastening bore 58 may be provided according to any suitable design, for example as known in the art. The cutting tool holder 14 may further comprise, for example, a fluid outlet 62 that is open to the insertion seat space 44 in a distal direction from the nozzle 50, which is used for cooling medium from the cavity 26 during use. And the cooling medium is supplied through the nozzle. The fluid outlet 62 is connected to a discharge conduit (not shown) or is opened under the cutting tool holder 14 so that the cooling medium can be discharged freely therefrom. It will be appreciated that the flow path of the cooling medium within the cavity 26 may be influenced at least in part by parameters including the location, of the nozzle 50 and the fluid outlet 62.

The cutting tool 10 may have a cutting insert formed with one or more discharge outlets 38 (eg, as described and shown above with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2C), and the cutting tool holder is currently disclosed. It will be appreciated to include fluid outlet 62 or both without departing from the scope of the subject matter.

In use, for example, as best shown in Fig. 6, the cutting insert 12 is inserted into the insert seat space 44, for example a screw 60 is passed through the mounting hole 40 of the cutting insert. And it is fixed by fastening it to the fastening bore 58 of the cutting tool holder 14. The lower surface 20 of the cutting insert 12 is mated to the base 46 of the cutting tool holder, and the rear side surface 22 is mated to the side wall 48 thereof.

In this position, the nozzle 50 extends into the cavity 26 of the cutting insert 12 and, according to some examples, is oriented towards and/or placed close to the upper end 32 of the cavity. Since the upper end 32 of the cavity 26 is adjacent to the cutting edge 24 of the cutting insert, it reduces the distance in the cavity 26 that the cooling medium must pass through (and thus heat up) before reaching the upper end 32. This results in supplying the cooling medium at a lower temperature, thereby increasing the cooling efficiency.

In addition, providing a cooling medium through a nozzle 50 arranged such that the orifice 52 is disposed within the cavity 26 of the cutting insert 12 provides the ability to better control the flow of the cooling medium therein. Can provide. For example, as the distance that the cooling medium must traverse within the cavity 26 between the orifice 52 and the upper end 32 of the nozzle 50 is reduced, turbulence may likewise be reduced, which may reduce the cooling efficiency. Can be increased.

According to some examples, the cooling medium is a liquid and is provided at a pressure that causes turbulence to occur as it exits the orifice 52 into the cavity 26 to form a small vapor cavity in the liquid. The vapor cavity can contribute to the microbubble emission boiling, which increases the cooling efficiency. The formation and parameters of the vapor cavity can be influenced by the design of the nozzle 50, the pressure of the cooling medium supplied by it, and the parameters of the cooling medium itself.

The cooling medium may be provided with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen can be provided to any suitable pressure, for example about 25 atm. When nitrogen boils, a relatively large amount of heat is removed due to the heat of vaporization of nitrogen (ie, a large amount of cooling occurs). Moreover, it occurs at an extremely low temperature, which is the boiling point of nitrogen, ie approximately -196°C. Accordingly, it is advantageous for nitrogen to be introduced into the cavity 26 as a liquid, and as close as possible to the inner surface 30 or even contact it. Thus, the nozzle 50 can extend deep into the cavity 26, so that boiling of liquid nitrogen can occur immediately after entering the cavity. Since the amount of cooling provided by using liquid nitrogen as the cooling medium is very high, the amount required for providing may be relatively small. For example, less than about 0.5 liters/minute may be required to provide adequate cooling. Thus, the outlet orifice 52 of the nozzle 50 can be very small, for example about 0.2 mm in diameter.

In this specification, the cutting insert 12 is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as including a cavity 26 corresponding to each cutting edge 24, but the cutting insert is associated with it (i.e., the cutting edge during use). It may be provided in accordance with the presently disclosed subject matter including one or more corners defining a cutting edge having a cavity and one or more cutting edges without such cavities, i.e., the internal cooling is entirely It will be appreciated that it can only be applied to some cutting edges, not. A cutting edge without associated cavities may need to be mounted in a cutting tool holder without a nozzle 50 as described above, or in a cutting tool holder 14 as described above, where the nozzle is removed (this is possible. Depending on the example) you will be able to understand.

A cutting insert according to any design disclosed, for example in patent document US 2016/0368061 or another document comprising a cavity capable of facilitating internal cooling, such that a part of the cutting edge is associated with the cooling cavity, and the cutting edge It will be further understood that some of the can be provided so as not to be associated with the cooling cavity.

According to some examples, a method 100 for the manufacture of a cutting insert 12, or any other cutting insert, including a thin-walled structure, is described, for example, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7D. For example, it may be described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and provided as shown in these drawings. (For brevity, method 100 is illustrated using a square cutting insert 12; it will be appreciated that it is applicable to any cutting insert, including those shown in FIG. 2A.)

In step 110, the intermediate insert 12' is fabricated in any suitable manner. According to some examples, the intermediate insert 12' is made of a press mold. In addition to the features of the final cutting insert 12, the intermediate insert 12 ′ comprises a protrusion 70, as described and shown above, for example with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3E. The protrusion 70 protrudes outward from the outer surface of the cutting insert 12, for example from its side 22, extends above the side as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 7c, and is formed as a single element with the side surface. . In particular, the protrusion 70 may be provided adjacent to the thinnest portion of the thin-walled structure, ie in the vicinity of the cavity 26 and the side surface 22 of the cutting insert 12 closest to each other. Typically, this is close to the cutting edge 24 but is possible in other areas as well.

According to the example in which the cutting insert 12 comprises auxiliary discharge holes 36 and the protrusion 70 overlaps the auxiliary discharge holes, they can extend through the protrusion (i.e., penetrate through the intermediate insert 12'). Formed as a hole), or passing through the side 22 of the cutting insert 12 to be formed (indicated by a broken line in Fig. 7c; that is, formed as a blind hole in the intermediate insert).

In step 120, the protrusion 70 is removed to complete the cutting insert 12. As shown in Fig.7d, the protrusion can be ground using, for example, a rotary grinding tool 72 (i.e., a concave grinding tool) in which a groove 74 corresponding to the shape of the side surface 22 of the cutting insert is formed. have.

This method can also be applied to form at least part of a chip breaker. For example, the upper surface of the intermediate insert 12' may be formed flat or convex above the cutting edge in the area indicated by 76 in FIG. 7B. A convex cutting tool, for example a cutting tool such as a grinder, can remove this part of the top surface to form a chip breaker of the cutting insert 12. According to some examples, the cutting tool passes in a direction that bisects the angle formed by the planar side 22 adjacent to the cutting edge and perpendicular (or transverse) to a plane parallel to and perpendicular to the top surface. According to some examples, the cutting edge extends linearly in this direction. According to some examples, for example, the cutting edge 24 thus formed may extend higher than the side 22 immediately adjacent thereto.

This method is, for example, to form the side, top surface (e.g., chip breaker), and/or any other part of the cutting insert 12 in the area where the thin-walled structure is formed, for example as described above. You will understand that they can be used together.

Using the method as described and illustrated above with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D to fabricate the cutting insert 12 as described and illustrated above with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3E is, for example, a thin-walled structure. Facilitates overcoming the difficulties that may be associated with press-forming the cutting insert 12, arising due to structural defects in the.

As shown in Fig. 8A, a cutting tool indicated as 110 as a whole may be provided. The cutting tool 110 includes a cutting insert 112 firmly mounted on the cutting tool holder 114. For example, a base plate (not shown) made of widia may be optionally provided, and may be disposed between the cutting insert 112 and the cutting tool holder 114.

As shown in FIG. 8B, the cutting insert 112 has an upper surface 118, a lower surface 120, and a conveying direction-facing side surface 12 a and the radially-facing side surface 12 b extending therebetween. Includes them. (In this specification and the appended claims, the conveying direction-facing side (12a) and the radial-facing side (12b) may be collectively referred to as a side and/or may be denoted by reference numeral 122; conveying direction-facing And the radially-facing side surfaces l22a and l22b are each given the same name.) When the cutting insert 112 is mounted on the cutting tool holder 114, a part of the upper surface 118 constitutes a rake surface, and , A portion of the side surface 122 constitutes a relief surface, wherein the cutting edge 124 is defined between the rake surface and the relief surface at the intersection. The lower surface 120 is typically held flat with respect to the cutting tool holder.

8C and 8D, the conveying direction-facing side surfaces l22a _{may be disposed to form an upper surface 118 and an acute angle (θ feed} ), respectively, and the radial direction-facing side surfaces l22b are the upper surfaces. (118) and, for example, can be arranged to form an acute angle (θ _{radial ) smaller than the acute angle (θ feed} ), in other words, the radial direction-facing side (122b) is the lower surface at an angle greater than the conveying direction-facing side It can be inclined inward toward 120.

The top surface 118 includes one or more chip breakers 125, each of which includes a linear groove formed parallel to and disposed adjacent to the conveying direction-facing side 22a. The end 180 of each chip breaker 125, for example at the cutting edge 124, is open to the side 122, in other words, the profile of the chip breaker 125 is the respective feed direction-facing side ( is constant along the entire length of l22a). (In this specification and the appended claims, when the chip breaker 125 is described or referred to as having a constant profile, it is characterized by only a portion of the profile, for example due to the curved shape of the corners of the top surface 118. The chip breaker portion is formed such that the profile is the same as the corresponding portion of the chip breaker portion characterized by the complete profile. The upper outer edge 182 of the chip breaker 125 is the conveying direction-facing side Form (122a) and the angle (θ _breaker ).

8E and 8F, the workpiece indicated by W is rotated around the workpiece axis X, and the cutting tool 110 advances radially across the workpiece axis X, particularly as indicated by arrow A. can do. The cutting plane C is defined as passing through the workpiece axis X and parallel to the radial direction A. It will be appreciated that the term cutting plane and its identification are not in a limiting sense but have been employed to describe the presently disclosed subject matter; In fact, the cutting tool 110 may contact the workpiece W at a point not located on the cutting plane C. Likewise, the cutting tool 110 can advance radially along a slightly different direction than that indicated by arrow A.

8G and 8H, the cutting tool holder 114 has a cutting insert 112 and an optional base plate therein so that the chip breaker 125 is aligned in a general radial direction as shown. An insert seat space 144 for receiving is formed. The insert seat space 144 is defined above the base 146 and between the conveying direction-facing sidewalls l48a and the radially-facing sidewalls l48b extending upward therefrom. (In this specification and the appended claims, the conveying direction-facing sidewalls and the radial direction-facing sidewalls l48a, l48b may be collectively referred to as sidewalls and/or may be denoted by reference numeral 148.) Base 146 May be substantially planar and may be inclined with respect to the cutting plane C, as best shown in FIG. 8H.

In the cutting insert 112, the feed direction-facing side (l22a) is disposed parallel to the feed direction-facing side wall (l48a), and the radial-facing side (l22b) is disposed parallel to the radial-facing sidewall (l48b). As far as possible, it may be mounted in the insert seat space 144.

According to some examples, the base 146 is the longitudinal axis of the chip breaker 125 (i.e., when the insert 112 is received within the insert seat space 144 as described above and shown in the accompanying drawings). Parallel to the upper outer edge 182) is inclined upwards towards the workpiece, that is, the base is inclined with respect to the cutting plane C about an axis perpendicular to the radial-facing side 132b.

According to some specific examples, the base 146 is inclined only with respect to the cutting plane C around an axis perpendicular to the radial-facing side surface 22b, i.e., an axis perpendicular to the conveying direction-facing side surface 122a. It is not inclined with respect to the cutting plane (C) around. Thus, as shown in Fig. 8i, the cutting insert 112, the radial direction of the-facing side (l22b) is a workpiece (W) (i.e., vertical) and about 5 degrees to about 7 degrees, the radial relief angle (φ _radial ) Are arranged to form. The base is not inclined with respect to the cutting plane (C) around an axis perpendicular to the conveying direction-the facing side (122a), and the conveying direction-the allowance in the conveying direction between the facing side (122a) and the workpiece (W) (φ _feed ) is defined only by _{an acute angle θ feed} between the side facing the conveying direction and the upper surface 118, as shown in FIG. 8J.

As mentioned, the radial-facing side (l22b) may be inclined inward toward the lower surface 120 at an angle greater than the conveying direction-facing side, that is, each conveying direction-facing side (122a) _{The acute angle θ feed} formed between the upper surface 118 and the radial direction may be larger than _{the acute angle θ radial} formed between the upper surface 118 and the radially-facing side surface 12 2b and the upper surface 118. According to embodiments in which the base 146 is inclined only with respect to the cutting plane C around an axis perpendicular to the radial-facing side surface l22b, the difference between the _{angles θ feed} and θ _{radial is these implementations.} When mounted on the cutting tool holder 114 according to the example, it can be at least partially bridged by the angular arrangement of the cutting insert 112, in other words, the radial clearance angle and the feed direction clearance angle (φ _radial , φ _feed). ) May be closer to each other than the angles (θ _feed , θ _{radial) and may be the same.}

When the method described and illustrated above with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D is used for fabrication, the cutting insert 112 and the associated cutting tool holder 114 described and illustrated above with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8J would be particularly useful. While possible, it will be understood that any suitable method may be used to manufacture them without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will readily understand that various changes, changes, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Claims (41)

A cutting tool comprising a cutting insert mounted on a cutting tool holder,
The cutting insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface extending therebetween, the side surface comprising at least one conveying direction-facing side surface and one or more radial-facing side surfaces, and a chip breaker is provided on the upper surface. One or more linear grooves each configured and arranged in parallel and adjacent to one of the conveying direction-facing sides are formed, and the chip breaker has a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side, and each The conveying direction-facing side is disposed at an acute conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and each of the radial direction-facing side is disposed at a radial direction-angle of an acute angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying direction- The angle is greater than the radial-angle;
The cutting tool holder is configured to advance radially during a cutting operation, and the cutting tool holder is a base, a radially-facing sidewall extending upwardly from and disposed across the radial direction, and extending upwardly from the base. And a conveying direction-facing sidewall disposed across the radial-facing sidewall, and an insert seat space is defined above the base and between the sidewalls, and the base traverses the radial direction and the conveying direction-facing Inclined upward in a direction away from the radial-facing sidewall about a first axis perpendicular to the sidewall;
The cutting tool, wherein the cutting insert is accommodated in the insert seat space with its lower surface facing the base. The method according to claim 1,
The cutting tool, wherein the cutting insert is mounted in the insert seat space of the cutting tool holder such that at least one of the radially-facing side surfaces is disposed parallel to the radially-facing side wall of the cutting tool holder. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The cutting tool, wherein the cutting insert comprises an oppositely disposed conveying direction-facing side surface and an oppositely disposed radial direction-facing side surface. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed on the lower surface and converges upward toward an upper end of the cavity disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and The upper end defines a thin-walled structure between them, a cutting tool. The method of claim 4,
The cutting tool further comprises one or more ribs protruding into the cavity from an upper end of the cavity. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The base of the cutting tool holder is further inclined upward in a direction away from the conveying direction-facing sidewall about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis and parallel to the radial direction, wherein The cutting tool, wherein the tilt is tilted at an angle greater than the tilt with respect to the second axis. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The cutting tool holder is configured to advance toward a work piece rotating about a work piece axis, a cutting plane passes through the work piece axis parallel to the radial direction, and the first axis line is parallel to the cutting plane. , Cutting tools. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A cutting tool configured to perform a turning operation. A cutting insert comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface spanning therebetween,
The side surface comprises at least one conveying direction-facing side surface and at least one radial direction-facing side surface,
Each of the chip breakers is formed on the upper surface, and one or more linear grooves are formed parallel to and adjacent to one of the conveying direction-facing side surfaces, and the chip breakers are constant along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side. Has a profile,
Each of the conveying direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute-angled conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and each of the radial direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute-angled radial direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying The cutting insert, wherein the direction-angle is greater than the radial-angle. The method of claim 9,
A cutting insert comprising an oppositely disposed feed direction-facing side and an oppositely disposed radial-facing side. The method according to claim 9 or 10,
Further comprising a cavity formed therein,
The cavity has an opening formed in the lower surface and converges upward toward an upper end of the cavity disposed adjacent the cutting edge, the side surface and the upper end of the cavity defining a thin-walled structure therebetween, Cutting insert. The method of claim 11,
The cutting insert further comprising one or more ribs protruding into the cavity from an upper end of the cavity. A cutting tool holder configured to hold a cutting insert to form a cutting tool and to advance radially during a cutting operation,
The cutting tool holder includes a base, a radial-facing sidewall extending upward therefrom and disposed across the radial direction, and a conveying direction-facing sidewall extending upward from the base and disposed across the radial-facing sidewall. Wherein an insert seat space is defined above the base and between the side walls to receive the cutting insert therein,
The base is inclined upward in a direction away from the radial-facing sidewall about a first axis crossing the radial direction and perpendicular to the conveying direction-facing sidewall. The method of claim 13,
The base is further inclined upward in a direction away from the conveying direction-facing sidewall about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis and parallel to the radial direction, wherein the inclination with respect to the first axis is the first axis. Cutting tool holder, tilted at an angle greater than the tilt to the 2 axis. The method of claim 13 or 14,
A cutting tool holder configured to advance toward a work piece rotating about a work piece axis, wherein a cutting plane passes through the work piece axis parallel to the radial direction, and the first axis line is parallel to the cutting plane. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15,
A cutting tool holder configured to perform a turning operation. As a method of making a cutting insert,
The cutting insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface spanning therebetween, the side surface comprising at least one conveying direction-facing side surface and one or more radial-facing side surfaces,
The method is:
-Providing an intermediate insert; And
-Passing a convex cutting tool along the upper surface in parallel and adjacent to at least one of the conveying direction-facing surfaces to form a linear chip breaker;
Including,
Wherein the chip breaker has a constant profile along the entire length of each conveying direction-facing side. The method of claim 17,
The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed on the lower surface and converges upward toward an upper end of the cavity disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and The upper end defines a thin-walled structure therebetween. The method of claim 17 or 18,
At least one of the conveying direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute conveying direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and each of the radial direction-facing side surfaces is arranged at an acute angle radial direction-angle with respect to the upper surface, and the conveying The direction-angle is greater than the radial-angle. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
Wherein the convex cutting tool is a grinder. As a method of making a cutting insert,
The cutting insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface therebetween, and a cutting edge defined on a part of the upper surface and the side surface, and the cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, and the cavity is the lower surface. Having an opening formed in the face and converging upward toward the upper end of the cavity disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, the side and the upper end of the cavity defining a thin-walled structure therebetween,
The method is:
-Providing an intermediate insert comprising a protrusion protruding from the cutting insert and an outer surface of the thin-walled structure; And
-Removing the protrusions;
Including, the method. The method of claim 21,
The method, wherein the protrusion is removed with a grooved grinding tool. A cutting tool holder comprising a body having an insert seat space formed at an end to mount a cutting insert,
The main body includes a base and at least one sidewall defining the insert seat space, the cutting tool holder further comprises a nozzle protruding into the insert seat space, and the nozzle is a first disposed in the insert seat space A cutting tool holder comprising an orifice at an end and in fluid communication with a cooling providing device configured to provide a cooling medium at a second end. The method of claim 23,
The nozzle protrudes from the base, a cutting tool holder. The method of claim 23 or 24,
The nozzle is opened to the insert seat space at a point spaced apart from the base. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25,
The orifice is disposed on the base at a distance of at least half the height of the side wall. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 26,
The nozzle is disposed inclined with respect to the base, cutting tool holder. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27,
A cutting tool holder further comprising a fluid outlet open to the insert seat space. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28,
The cutting tool holder, wherein the nozzle is formed as a single element of the body. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28,
The nozzle is a cutting tool holder attachable to the main body. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 30,
The cooling providing device is configured to provide the cooling medium such that turbulence occurs after exiting the nozzle. A cutting insert comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface therebetween, and a cutting edge defined on a part of the upper surface and the side surface,
The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, and the cavity has an opening formed on the lower surface and converges upward toward an upper end of the cavity disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, and The cutting insert, wherein the upper end defines a thin-walled structure therebetween, the cutting insert further comprising at least one auxiliary discharge hole spanning between the upper end and the side surface of the cavity. The method of claim 32,
The opening forms an inlet and an outlet for the cooling medium, wherein the total cross-sectional area of the auxiliary discharge hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the outlet defined by the opening. The method of claim 32 or 33,
The cutting insert further comprising at least one discharge outlet formed at least partially on the side surface adjacent to the lower surface. As a cutting tool,
The cutting tool holder according to any one of claims 23 to 31, and
Cutting insert according to any one of claims 32 to 34 mounted in the insert seat space
Including,
A cutting tool, wherein the nozzle of the cutting tool holder protrudes into the cavity of the cutting insert. A method of performing a cutting operation, the method comprising:
-Providing a cutting tool according to claim 35;
-Performing a cutting operation on the workpiece; And
-Providing cooling medium to the cavity of the cutting insert through the nozzle during the cutting operation
Including, the method. The method of claim 36,
Wherein the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen as it exits the nozzle. The method of claim 37,
The method, wherein the cooling medium is provided at a pressure of up to 25 atm. The method of claim 36 or 37,
The method, wherein the cooling medium is provided at a rate of less than 0.5 liters/minute. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 39,
The method, wherein the cooling medium is provided at a pressure at which turbulence occurs after exiting the nozzle. A cutting insert comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface therebetween, and a cutting edge defined on a part of the upper surface and the side surface,
The cutting insert further includes a cavity formed therein, the inner surface of the cavity includes a front inner surface and a rear inner surface adjacent to the side surface, and the front and rear inner surfaces are between openings formed on the lower surface. Hung upwards toward the upper end of the inner surface overlying and disposed adjacent to the cutting edge, the side and the upper end of the cavity define a thin-walled structure therebetween, the cutting insert from the upper end to the cavity Further comprising one or more ribs protruding into;
At least a portion of the ribs form a cuspated edge in a first portion of the distal portion closer to the posterior inner surface, and in a second portion of the distal portion closer to the anterior inner surface with spaced apart from each other. Cutting insert characterized by a side surface with a bottom-facing surface.

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