KR20200094391A - Producing Method of Inverted Organic Solar Cell Module with Uniform Cell Performance - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an inverted organic solar cell module with uniform unit cell performance. The method comprises the following steps of: a) forming a transparent electrode on a substrate; b) forming an electron transport layer on the transparent electrode; c) forming a photoactive layer on the electron transport layer; d) forming a hole transport layer on the photoactive layer; and e) forming an electrode on the hole transport layer.

Description

Manufacturing Method of Inverse Structured Organic Solar Cell Module with Uniform Unit Cell Performance {Producing Method of Inverted Organic Solar Cell Module with Uniform Cell Performance}

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having uniform unit cell performance.

Recently, as the consumption of fossil fuels has rapidly increased worldwide, the oil price has been rising rapidly, and the need for clean alternative energy is increasing due to environmental problems such as global warming. Accordingly, countries around the world are focusing on renewable energy sources, and in recent years, the development of eco-friendly, pollution-free energy sources has been raised as a national challenge.

Solar cell technology, which produces electricity from solar energy, an infinite energy source, is the area that receives the most attention among various renewable energy technologies. Inorganic silicon solar cells, which currently occupy a major part of solar cells, are commercially available and commercially available. However, there are disadvantages of high material prices and limited supply of materials. In addition, the complicated manufacturing process is also a factor that increases the cost.

Therefore, interest in organic solar cells has been gathered as an alternative to such inorganic silicon solar cells. The organic solar cell has advantages such as excellent processability, diversity, light weight, and economic efficiency of organic materials. In addition, compared to the existing inorganic silicon solar cell, the manufacturing process is simple, so there is an advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost.

The organic solar cell module is manufactured by connecting several unit cells in series or in parallel, and the efficiency of the unit cells constituting the module affects the overall performance of the module. Therefore, it is important to increase the efficiency of the organic solar cell unit cell, but manufacturing a unit cell exhibiting uniform efficiency also plays an important role in the performance of the organic solar cell module.

In patent KR 10-1810900, photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by including a new polymer compound obtained by forming a quaternthiophene and fluorine-substituted benzothiadiazole in a symmetrical structure in a photoactive layer of an organic solar cell. In the patent KR 10-1368816, photoelectric conversion efficiency was improved by including metal nanoparticles in the photoactive layer of the organic solar cell.

However, although the efficiency of the organic solar cell unit cell can be increased through the above methods, there is a problem in that the performance of the organic solar cell module is still low because uniform efficiency between the unit cells cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, in order to ultimately secure the competitiveness of the organic solar cell, it is most important to uniformly manufacture unit cells exhibiting high efficiency.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1810900 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1368816

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having uniform unit cell performance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having improved performance.

The present invention

a) forming a transparent electrode on the substrate;

b) forming an electron transport layer on the transparent electrode;

c) forming a photoactive layer on the electron transport layer;

d) forming a hole transport layer on the photoactive layer; And

e) forming an electrode on the hole transport layer,

It provides a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having a variation in efficiency between unit cells of 6 to 10%.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the electron transport layer may be formed by a sol-gel method.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the sol-gel method may be performed under a relative humidity of 10 to 30%.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the sol-gel method may be performed through spin coating at 1000 to 3000 rpm.

In one embodiment according to the invention, the sol-gel method sol may be one containing 10 to 30% by weight of the metal precursor.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the metal precursor may be an alcohol soluble metal precursor comprising any one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, titanium and zinc.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the electron transport layer may have a thickness of 50 to 250 nm.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the electron transport layer may have a surface roughness (Rq) of 4 nm or less.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the reverse structure organic solar cell module may have an effective area of 55% or more.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the unit cell may be 7 to 10%.

The method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module according to an example of the present invention has an advantage of exhibiting uniform unit cell performance.

In addition, the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module according to an example of the present invention has an advantage of exhibiting high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Even if the effects are not explicitly mentioned in the present invention, the effects described in the specification expected by the technical features of the present invention and the inherent effects thereof are treated as described in the specification of the present invention.

1 is a view showing the structure of an inverse structure organic solar cell module.
FIG. 2 is an image showing a pattern in which a transparent electrode is patterned on a substrate in Example 1.
3A is an AFM image of the electron transport layer according to Example 1.
3B is an AFM image of the electron transport layer according to Example 3.
3C is an AFM image of the electron transport layer according to Comparative Example 1.

Unless otherwise defined in the technical terms and scientific terms used in the present specification, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains have the meanings commonly understood, and the subject matter of the present invention in the following description and the accompanying drawings. Descriptions of well-known functions and configurations that may unnecessarily obscure are omitted.

The present invention

a) forming a transparent electrode on the substrate;

b) forming an electron transport layer on the transparent electrode;

c) forming a photoactive layer on the electron transport layer;

d) forming a hole transport layer on the photoactive layer; And

e) forming an electrode on the hole transport layer,

It relates to a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having a variation in efficiency between unit cells of 6 to 10%.

In general, the inverse structure organic solar cell module is composed of several unit cells, and the efficiency variation between unit cells constituting the module is 15% or more. The high efficiency deviation between these unit cells ultimately has a problem of degrading the performance of the inverse structure organic solar cell module itself. In particular, when the number of unit cells is 5 or more, the efficiency uniformity between unit cells is further reduced, and further, the performance of the module is deteriorated.

However, even if the number of unit cells is 10, the inverse structure organic solar cell module according to the manufacturing method of the present invention exhibits a variation in efficiency between 6 to 10%, preferably 6 to 8%, and thus uniform units. Not only does it show cell performance, it also has the advantage of significantly improving the performance of an inverse structured organic solar cell module including the same.

At this time, the efficiency refers to the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE), can be calculated through the relational photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE, %) = fill factor × [(J _sc ×V _oc )/100]. In the above equation, J _sc is the light short-circuit current density, and V _oc is the light-opening voltage. The efficiency deviation may be expressed as a percentage of the efficiency difference represented by the average efficiency by measuring the efficiency of each of the unit cells among the unit cells constituting the inverse structure organic solar cell module. The efficiency of each unit cell is 100 mW/cm ² by connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of any unit cell in the module with a wire and connecting with an external solar simulator. The strength may be measured under Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM 1.5 G) conditions.

The unit cell is the smallest unit constituting the inverse structure organic solar cell module, and may include a transparent electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode. The module may include a plurality of unit cells spaced apart from each other, and each unit cell spaced apart may be electrically connected to an adjacent unit cell. In this case, the connection between unit cells means a connection between counter electrodes between unit cells. For example, an anode of one unit cell and a cathode of another unit cell adjacent to each other may be connected, and more unit cells may be connected in the same manner. The inverse structured organic solar cell module formed by the connection of unit cells can be connected in series or in parallel, and the purpose of this module is to obtain the desired voltage (for series) or current (for parallel).

More specifically, the inverse structure organic solar cell module may be configured by connecting unit cells including a transparent electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer and an electrode in series or in parallel. Specifically, the step of forming a transparent electrode in the unit cell spaced apart through a pattern process on a substrate, sequentially forming an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer and a hole transport layer so that a part of the patterned transparent electrode is exposed and arranged spaced apart And forming an electrode such that the hole transport layer of each unit cell and the transparent electrode of the adjacent unit cell are electrically connected. Specifically, the pattern process is a process of coating in a form suitable for a continuous process in order to contact the anode and the anode of each unit cell in the production of an inverse structure organic solar cell module. The patterning form may have a stripe or grid pattern, but is not limited thereto.

In step a), the substrate is used to support the organic solar cell, and is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency. Specifically, it is a transparent inorganic substrate such as quartz or glass, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), A transparent plastic substrate selected from the group consisting of polyethylene sulfonate (PES), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether sulfone (PES), and polyetherimide (PEI). Can be used. In particular, the transparent plastic substrate can be used that is flexible and has high chemical stability, mechanical strength and transparency.

In the step a), the transparent electrode is applied to one surface of the substrate or coated in a film form using sputtering, E-Beam, thermal deposition, spin coating, screen printing, doctor blade or gravure printing to form a coating layer. Can. Specifically, indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide: ITO), fluorinated tin oxide (FTO), indium zinc oxide (Indium Zinc Oxide: IZO), aluminum doped oxide (Al-doped Zinc Oxide: AZO), It may be one or more conductive metal oxides selected from zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium zinc oxide (IZTO), but is not limited thereto. The transparent electrode may be spaced apart through a pattern process on a substrate, but is not limited as long as it is a general arrangement method, but may have a stripe or grid pattern. It can be seen that the arrangement of the unit cells is determined according to the arrangement of the transparent electrodes.

In step b), the electron transport layer is a layer that effectively transfers electrons generated in the photoactive layer, and may be formed by a sol-gel method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the sol-gel method can be performed through spin coating using a metal precursor, thereby forming a much more uniform electron transport layer, so that electrons and holes of excitons generated after light absorption can be separated and effectively transfer electrons. have.

Specifically, in the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sol-gel method may have a metal precursor of 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 25% by weight. In the above range, a uniform thin film can be formed even in a thin thickness range. The sol may include a metal precursor and a solvent, and the metal precursor is not particularly limited as long as it is an alcohol-soluble metal precursor, but may be specifically an alkoxy-based material represented by M(OR ¹ R ² ). The R ¹ and R ² are each hydrogen or C ₁ to C ₄ alkyl, and the M may be a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, titanium and zinc, but is not limited thereto. As a specific example, the metal precursor is among copper chloride hydrate, copper nitrate hydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum chloride hydrate, aluminum nitrate, zinc acetate hydrate, zinc hydroxide, zinc nitrate hydrate, titanium isopropoxide, titanium chloride and titanium ethoxide It may include one or more selected, but is not limited thereto.

In the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sol-gel method can be performed at a relative humidity of 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 30%, and more preferably 20 to 30%. When performed in the humidity range, the surface roughness of the formed thin film is reduced, so that a more uniform thin film can be formed even in a large area. In the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electron transport layer may have a surface roughness (Rq) of 4 nm or less, preferably 1 to 3 nm, but is not limited greatly. The surface roughness (Rq) refers to the square mean square root roughness, and the electron transport layer having the surface roughness may be formed more uniformly and may perform a uniform electron transport role. Under the above conditions, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the unit cell may be 7 to 10%, preferably 8 to 10%. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the unit cells constituting the inverse structure organic solar cell module satisfies the above range, thereby increasing the efficiency of the entire module.

In an inverse structure organic solar cell module, formation of a uniform electron transport layer is advantageous for uniform efficiency distribution between unit cells constituting the module. Therefore, the inverse structure organic solar cell module including the electron transport layer through the sol-gel method in the above range can reduce the efficiency variation between unit cells to 6 to 10%, preferably 6 to 8%, as well as the module The performance of itself can also be significantly improved.

In the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sol-gel method may be performed through spin coating at 1000 to 3000 rpm, preferably 1500 to 3000 rpm, and more preferably 2000 to 3000 rpm. In the above range, the electron transport layer may have a thickness of 50 to 250 nm, preferably 55 to 230 nm, and more preferably 60 to 200 nm, but is not limited thereto. The electron transport layer having a thickness in the above range can more effectively transfer electrons generated in the photoactive layer to the electrode.

In the method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the inverse structure organic solar cell module has an effective area of 55% (photoactive layer area / substrate area) or more, preferably 55 to 60%, more preferably May be 60 to 70%, but is not limited thereto. The effective area may refer to a ratio of the photoactive region (a region that absorbs light to generate electric charge) in the total area of the inverse structure organic solar cell module. Specifically, the total area of the reverse structure organic solar cell module may be 50 to 100 cm ² , preferably 70 to 100 cm ² , but is not limited thereto. In addition, the space between unit cells constituting the reverse structure organic solar cell module may be adjusted to 500 µm or less, preferably 100 to 300 µm, to increase the effective area, but is not limited thereto. In addition to being able to proceed sufficiently with light absorption in the above range, it is possible to generate a lot of charge.

In step c), the photoactive layer may be formed through a solution process of applying a mixed solution of an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material onto the electron transport layer and drying the solvent. Specifically, the coating process may use a known conventional coating method such as spin coating, spray coating, doctor blade coating and inkjet printing, and may preferably be performed by spin coating, but is not limited thereto. The photoactive layer may have a thickness of 10 to 200 nm, but is not limited thereto. The electron donor material and the electron acceptor material are not limited as long as they are materials used in the art, and examples include, but are not limited to, polythiophene-based polymers, polyparaphenylenevinylene, and fullerene. Or a derivative thereof, and may be selected from the group consisting of these, but is not limited thereto. The polythiophene-based polymer is, for example, poly-3-hexylthiophene (poly-3-hexylthiophene = P3HT), poly-3-dodecyl thiophene (poly-3-dodecylthiophene = P3DT), or poly- 3-octylthiophene (poly-3-octylthiophene = P3OT), Poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-2, 6-diyl][3-fluoro-2- [(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), but is not limited thereto. In addition, the fullerene or a derivative thereof may include (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester [(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester = PCBM], but is not limited thereto. no.

In step d), the hole transport layer performs a function of assisting to transfer holes from the photoactive layer to the electrode. The hole transport layer may be formed through spin coating, dip coating, Langmere-Blogit, screen printing, or inkjet printing using a molecular dispersion, but is not limited thereto. The hole transport layer may have a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. Specifically, the hole transport layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), polyaniline, phthalocyanine, pentacene, polydiphenyl acetylene, poly(t-butyl) Diphenylacetylene, poly(trifluoromethyl)diphenylacetylene, copper phthalocyanine (Cu-PC) poly(bistrifluoromethyl)acetylene, polybis(T-butyldiphenyl)acetylene, poly(trimethylsilyl) Diphenylacetylene, poly(carbazole) diphenylacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, polypyridineacetylene, polymethoxyphenylacetylene, polymethylphenylacetylene, poly(t-butyl)phenylacetylene, polynitrophenylacetylene, poly (Trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene, poly(trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof, and may include any one of the hole transport materials selected from the group, preferably of the PEDOT and PSS Mixtures can be used.

In step e), the electrode may be formed using thermal vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, or sputtering, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the electrode is not particularly limited, but silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), Metal particles such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn); Or a precursor comprising the metal element, for example silver nitrate (AgNO ₃ ), Cu (hexafluoro acetyl acetonate) 2, Cu (HAFC) (1,5-cyclooctane), Cu (HAFC) (1, 5-dimethyl cyclooctane diene), Cu (HAFC) (4-methyl-1-pentene), Cu (HAFC) (vinyl cyclohexane), Cu(HAFC)(DMB), Cu (tetra methyl heptane dionate) 2, Hydrogenated dimethyl aluminum, tetra methyl ethylene diamine, dimethyl ethyl amine alan, trimethyl aluminum, tri ethyl aluminum, triisobutyl aluminum, tetra (dimethyl amino) titanium, tetra (dimethyl amino) titanium, and the like, but is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrode may be formed such that the hole transport layer of each unit cell spaced apart and the transparent electrode of an adjacent unit cell are connected.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples, but these are for explaining the present invention in more detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

A pattern is formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a glass substrate (10.5 cm x 12 cm) in a thickness of 200 nm as shown in FIG. 2 by sputtering, and 60°C for 15 minutes each using acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). After washing in and dried at 100°C for 10 minutes, ozone treatment was performed for 20 minutes. An electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, and a hole transport layer were formed as described below in a state in which a mask is exposed so that a part of the patterned ITO is exposed.

A solution containing 600 parts by weight of 2-methoxyethanol and 30 parts by weight of ethanol amine was prepared with respect to 100 parts by weight of zinc acetate, and then stirred at 300 rpm for 12 hours. The solution was spin-coated on the substrate on which the ITO was patterned at a relative humidity of 25% and 3000 rpm, and then coated and heat-treated at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a zinc oxide electron transport layer having a thickness of 65 nm.

Poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2- [(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) dissolved in chlorobenzene at 4wt%, respectively, in a weight ratio of 1:1.5 After mixing, spin coating was performed at 1000 rpm and then dried to form a 200 nm thick photoactive layer. On top of that, a conductive polymer PEDOT-PSS (AI 4083, Clevios P) was mixed with isopropanol 1:10 (v/v) and spin-coated at 5000 rpm to coat a 40 nm thick hole transport layer and annealed at 120° C. for 10 minutes. To remove the solvent.

Finally, silver (Ag) was deposited as an electrode to a thickness of 100 nm in a thermal evaporator to fabricate an inverse structure organic solar cell module having 10 unit cells and a spacing of 300 μm between cells.

When forming the electron transport layer in Example 1, it was carried out in the same manner, except that spin coating was performed at 2000 rpm.

When the electron transport layer was formed in Example 1, it was carried out in the same manner, except that at 15% instead of 25% relative humidity conditions.

(Comparative Example 1)

When the electron transport layer was formed in Example 1, it was carried out in the same manner, except that at 70% instead of 25% relative humidity conditions.

(Comparative Example 2)

It was carried out in the same manner, except that the step of forming the electron transport layer in Example 1 was not performed.

(Experimental Example 1)

<Measurement of surface roughness of electron transport layer>

For the prepared Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Example 1, the surface roughness of the electron transport layer was confirmed and measured using AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), and the results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 1.

3 and Table 1, it can be seen that the surface roughness (Rq) of the electron transport layer according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is less than 3 nm, which is lower than the surface roughness of the electron transport layer of Comparative Example 1. That is, it can be confirmed that a more uniform electron transport layer can be formed within the humidity range suggested by the present invention.

R _q [ Nm ] Example 1 2.69 Example 3 2.08 Comparative Example 1 10.78

(Experimental Example 2)

<Performance measurement>

For the prepared Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, 100 mW / cm ² Under the condition of strength Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM 1.5 G), performance was measured using a solar simulator (Solar simulator, Newport ORIEL, LCS-100) and the results are shown in Table 2. As a result of the measurement, it was found that Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were not superior to Examples.

In Table 2, V _oc is the open circuit voltage, J _sc is the short-circuit current density, FF is the fill factor and PCE is the photoelectric conversion efficiency value.

V _oc (V) J _sc (mA/ cm2 ) FF PCE ( % ) Example One 3.69 15.77 0.64 7.36 Example 2 3.68 15.54 0.64 7.29 Example 3 3.65 15.12 0.64 7.15

As can be seen in Table 2, the reverse structure organic solar cell module manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention exhibited high performance. In addition, it can be seen that the higher the rpm value during spin coating is within the range suggested by the present invention, the higher the performance.

(Experimental Example 3)

<Efficiency deviation between unit cells constituting an inverse structure organic solar cell module>

For the prepared Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, 100 mW / cm ² Under the condition of intensity of Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM 1.5 G), the performance of unit cells was measured using a solar simulator (Solar simulator, Newport ORIEL, LCS-100), and the results of the efficiency deviation are shown in Table 3.

Efficiency deviation Example One 7.34% Example 2 7.68% Example 3 7.97% Comparative example One 15.23% Comparative example 2 42.81%

As can be seen in Table 3, the inverse structure organic solar cell module manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention exhibited a much lower efficiency difference between unit cells than the inverse structure organic solar cell module not including the electron transport layer of Comparative Example 2. In addition, under the conditions of forming the electron transport layer, it showed more uniform performance between unit cells within the humidity range suggested by the present invention, and the higher the rpm value during spin coating within the range suggested by the present invention, the higher the inter-unit cells. It can be seen that the efficiency deviation is low.

100: substrate, 200: unit cell
210: transparent electrode, 220: electron transport layer,
230: photoactive layer, 240: hole transport layer
250: electrode

Claims (10)

a) forming a transparent electrode on the substrate;
b) forming an electron transport layer on the transparent electrode;
c) forming a photoactive layer on the electron transport layer;
d) forming a hole transport layer on the photoactive layer; And
e) forming an electrode on the hole transport layer,
Method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having a variation in efficiency between unit cells of 6 to 10%. According to claim 1,
The electron transport layer is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module that is formed by a sol-gel method. According to claim 2,
The sol-gel method is a method for producing an inverse structure organic solar cell module that is performed under a relative humidity of 10 to 30%. According to claim 2,
The sol-gel method is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module that is performed through spin coating at 1000 to 3000 rpm. According to claim 2,
In the sol-gel method, the sol is a method of manufacturing a reverse structure organic solar cell module comprising 10 to 30% by weight of a metal precursor. The method of claim 5,
The metal precursor is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module, which is an alcohol-soluble metal precursor comprising any one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, titanium and zinc. According to claim 1,
The electron transport layer is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having a thickness of 50 to 250㎚. According to claim 1,
The electron transport layer is a method of manufacturing a reverse structure organic solar cell module having a surface roughness (Rq) of 4 nm or less. According to claim 1,
The open solar cell module is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module having an effective area of 55% or more. According to claim 1,
The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the unit cell is a method of manufacturing an inverse structure organic solar cell module that is 7 to 10%.

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