KR20200090078A - Water gas & hydrogen gas Exchange Equipment of gas turbine liquid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for achieving complete water gasification and hydrogen gasification combustion by mixing fossil fuel with water. The present invention can greatly increase efficiency of boilers and gas turbines (about 40% or more), achieve ultra-high efficiency combustion in other fossil fuel combustion devices along with a significant reduction in harmful exhaust gas, and greatly reduce global warming problems and fuel consumption.

Description

Water gas & hydrogen gas exchange equipment of gas turbine liquid fuel

Thermal and chemical engineering

Since ancient times, there has been an emulsifying combustion technique in which water is added to fossil fuels for combustion. However, it did not contribute significantly in terms of increasing the efficiency of the boiler or gas turbine, and only had some advantages in reducing harmful emissions.

It was because it was difficult to achieve the original purpose in terms of increasing the thermal efficiency of mixing and burning water vapor due to mismatch between the water gasification reaction conditions between water vapor and fuel, the thermal conditions of water vapor, and the fuel thermal conditions.

However, in the method of mixing and burning water vapor in fossil fuels, the present inventor's research shows that when the thermal equilibrium conditions between the fuel and the steam period are completely matched, the water gasification reaction and the hydrogen gasification reaction through a catalyst, the combustion apparatus by the water vaporization It has been found that the efficiency of the boiler or gas turbine can be significantly increased by expansion and diffusion in the furnace.

The present invention finds a cause that could not increase the efficiency of a boiler or a gas turbine in a method of mixing and burning water vapor in fossil fuels because thermal equilibrium conditions could not be met so far, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency. It relates to the construction of a device according to the emulsified combustion technology of fossil fuels.

When the fuel is mixed with water vapor to generate a water gasification reaction and a hydrogen gas through a catalyst, effects such as a significant increase in the volume of the combustion gas and an increase in the amount of heat generated per weight can be significantly increased.

In particular, due to the large increase in the combustion gas volume, it is a more favorable condition for generating a large output from the gas turbine. In addition, since the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is very high, the emulsified combustion of fuel using it can be a very favorable condition.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for assisting apparatus for emulsifying complete fuel before an internal combustion or external combustion apparatus by forming a configuration such that combustion occurs after the emulsified combustion effect in a boiler and a gas turbine is completely generated. It is about.

The contents of the thermal and chemical reactions of the emulsified combustion technology that mixes and burns fossil fuel and burns it, as well as the contents of the calorific value of emulsified combustion are as follows.

Water gasification combustion reaction: <> molecular weight

{Reference: Properties of water gas (CO + H2)}

Specific gravity: 0.534 (compared to air), total heat generation: 2800 [Kcal/m^3]

At standard atmospheric pressure of 15 degrees C, the air weight of 1m^3 is "10332*1 / (29.27*(273+15) = 1.3 kgf/m^3 ", so the weight of water gas 1m^3 is "1.3 * 0.534 = 0.6942 kgf/m^3 ". Therefore, the calorific value per KGf of water gas is 2800 / 0.6942 = 4369 Kcal/Kgf. For reference, the calorific value of diesel is 9000 Kcal/Kgf.

If considering the heating value and volume increase when assuming that the light oil is mixed with water and completely emulsified to burn, (assuming the molecular formula C ₁₆ H ₄ of light oil: generally, the molecular composition formula of the carbonaceous fuel is not constant. C 4~10 is classified as gasoline, C10~15 kerosene, C16~19 diesel, and C20~25 as heavy oil.In addition, the more carbon number, the closer it is to solid and the lower the hydrogen content ratio.)

1) Review of weight ratio

a. The ratio of water to all water gasification (one water molecule is required for each carbon molecule)

-Mole number per X unit weight of C ₁₆ H ₄ (molecular weight 160) = X/(160*1)

-Number of carbon molecules per molecule of C ₁₆ H ₄ = 16

-Number of carbon molecules per X unit weight of C ₁₆ H ₄ = X*16/(160*1) = 0.1 X

-Molecular weight per X unit weight of H2O (molecular weight 18) = X / (18*1) = 0.555 X

-Therefore, the ratio of the number of molecules of carbon and water per unit weight of oil and water equal to 0.1 is 0.0555 = 1.8, that is, the number of molecules of water is 1.8 times less than the number of carbon molecules of oil per weight. {Water is hydrogen bond}

-Therefore, the weight of water for water gasification of all carbon contained in the oil per unit weight of oil C ₁₆ H ₄ should be 1.8 times the weight ratio of C ₁₆ Hx. (One water molecule corresponds to one carbon molecule to make water gas)

b. Therefore, when 1 KGf light oil is mixed with water to make all water gas, water gas of "1+1.8 = 2.8" KGf is generated.

2) Volume comparison review

a. Volume of water gas when all water gasification

-Number of moles of 1 Kgf of C ₁₆ H ₄ = 1000/160 = 6.25 mol

-Number of carbon molecules per molecule of C ₁₆ H ₄ = 16 EA

-In the water gas reaction formula, 1 mol of carbon molecules and 1 mol of water molecules react

=> Since it becomes "1 mol of carbon monoxide molecules + 1 mol of hydrogen molecules", it reacts with 1 mol of 1 mol of water molecules to generate 44.8 L of water gas when emulsified. (1 mol = 22.4 L)

-Therefore, the volume of water gas by 1 KGf of oil = 6.25 * 16 * 44.8 = 4480 L = about 4.5 m^3

-All KGf of oil is water-gasified, and the calorific value during combustion is = 4.5 * 2800 = 12600 Kcal.

b. Therefore, since the calorific value of diesel oil is generally 9000 Kcal/KGf, the calorific value is 12600/9000 = 1.4 when mixing light oil with water, resulting in an increase in calorific value of about 40%.

=> In addition, since the general calorific value of diesel (C ₁₆ H ₄ ) is 9000 Kcal/KGf, the value includes hydrogen molecular combustion in diesel oil, and additionally, if the calorific value of hydrogen molecule combustion is included, 40% can be significantly exceeded.

(It has the effect of fueling the water.-However, since hydrogen is regenerated during combustion, there is no significant change in the consumption of water. Water acts as a reaction catalyst and is rigorously picked up to the mass equivalent energy equation {E=mc^2} As a result, energy is generated by a small mass loss.)

However, theoretically, there are the above advantages of emulsion combustion, but conventionally, in the emulsified combustion, since water and oil have been mixed and mixed during direct combustion, apparently, it seemed as if fueling of water occurred. In the actual situation, the amount of heat generated decreases due to the inability to meet various thermal conditions.

The causes of mismatch of various thermal conditions due to direct mixing of water are as follows. (The present invention is a main purpose device to solve this, and attempt to fully emulsify in a real situation before mixing to cause a complete water gasification reaction, and to significantly increase the calorific value during combustion)

1) The optimum condition for the mixed combustion of fuel and water should be a suitable amount of steam while the combustion temperature is high.

-The loss of latent heat of evaporation follows.

2) The reaction condition for fuel to be water gasified by mixing water vapor should be about 400℃ or higher.

3) If the water or steam mixture is in an appropriate ratio (approximately 1.8:1) with fossil fuel, the initial combustion start temperature will have to go down.

4) In the case of mixing water vapor and fuel, if the amount of water vapor is high, the combustion temperature decreases. If the amount of water vapor is small, the diffusion effect (when burning in a boiler) is small and the ratio of water gasification and hydrogen gasification is small.

5) Since the water gasification of the fuel is performed at a high temperature, it becomes a condition that cannot occur before combustion, and after combustion, the amount of carbonization decreases and the rate of water gasification decreases.

6) When water vapor is superheated, a large increase in volume follows, so even if the temperature increases in the same pipe supply, the proportion of the overall steam due to the increase in volume decreases. Therefore, there is a problem even when the temperature of the water vapor is first increased and mixed.

7) When combusting a mixed emulsion with fuel without water vaporization, the reduction of the combustion temperature due to the latent heat loss of evaporation of water essentially occurs, so the ratio of water gasification decreases and the thermal efficiency decreases.

8) When water vapor and fuel are mixed and injected, water vapor is adiabaticly expanded up to the fuel transfer pressure, so the temperature is further reduced when mixing with fuel, so water-gasification reaction conditions cannot occur.

9) In the condition of water vapor, the temperature and pressure should be increased simultaneously, but in this case, a structural problem in a general combustion device (mainly a burner) follows.

10) It is the most reasonable alternative to increase the temperature and pressure by vaporizing combustion of liquid fuel, but in this case, it is difficult to solve the problem of clogging of the tube or nozzle due to the generation of scale.

11) When fuel and water vapor are mixed to achieve complete aqueous gasification, the proper mixing ratio of water and fuel is 1.8:1 (in the case of diesel via carbon molecule 16), and reaction is necessary for such conditions, such as the need for a catalyst for hydrogen gasification. It is very difficult to meet this because of the need for conditions.

In addition, if the current fuel-only combustion of a fuel-only device (diesel engine, boiler, gas turbine, etc.) attempts to perform water-gasification combustion, in addition to the thermal equilibrium condition, there are other device structural problems as follows.

1) When the fuel is burned after water gasification, the gas volume increases significantly and an air ratio of about 4:1 is required. (Also, the amount of combustion gas increases very much.)

Therefore, when water-fueling combustion of fuel, when taking water-gasification combustion in current boilers and other combustion devices designed only for single combustion of the current fuel, a large amount of smoke is generated due to insufficient air.

2) Due to the combustion of fuel in the combustion device, some of the carbon in the fuel is partially burned alone, and some of the heat is mixed with water vapor to proceed with water gasification, resulting in combustion, and the proportion of unburned water gas increases. (In other words, water gasification combustion proceeds after some carbon combustion). Water gas combustion is additionally generated outside the combustion device.

Therefore, when mixing and spraying water to the injector of a diesel engine or mixing and burning water in a boiler, the temperature of the exhaust heat at the exhaust pipe or the rear side of the boiler becomes very high and waste of exhaust heat becomes severe.

So far, while overlooking the above problems in the technology development of emulsified combustion by mixing fuel with water, it has been mainly studied only in terms of the techniques of mixing water and oil and the solutions of the sludge generation problem by vaporizing oil. Came.

In other words, many technologies and devices have been developed that are mistaken for water being fueled when water and oil are completely mixed.

(In other words, if the particles of water and oil are very atomized and burned after being completely mixed, the flame is apparently longer, the end of the flame is changed to a blue system, and the temperature at the rear of the combustion rises. The combustion temperature is very high-

The reason is that the combustion of water gas occurs at the occipital side of the combustor as indicated above, and the exhaust gas temperature rises very much. In practice, however, there is little effect of increasing the calorific value due to the latent heat loss of water evaporation. Because the volume is too large, the diffusion effect of heat is increased rather than burning only fuel in the boiler, that is, the heating area is increased, and the diffusion effect of the flame by the non-aqueous gasified water vapor is also added. Even the structure of the combustor rises a bit.

And, as another additional effect, the problem of harmful exhaust gas is greatly alleviated. Therefore, in some cases, the use of emulsification conversion combustion is adopted for the effect of reducing the harmful exhaust gas rather than the effect of increasing the heating value.

-Significant increase in the amount of combustion gas is particularly advantageous in gas turbine combustion and is effective in generating large power.)

The above is the current problem in the background technology and water gasification combustion technology of the device of the present invention, and the present invention solves this to complete gasification and hydrogen gasification combustion of gas turbine liquid fuel. It will be presented in "Specific contents for implementing (draft)".

The purpose of this is to increase the calorific value by liquid gas turbine fuel (light oil, heavy oil) by using gaseous exhaust gas or water gasification or hydrogen gas combustion.

Water gasification by mixing fossil fuel with water requires a high temperature reaction requirement of about 400°C and the latent heat of evaporation of water is essential, so the gas turbine uses high temperature exhaust heat to solve this problem.

The efficiency of the output device using liquid fossil fuels can be significantly increased, and especially in the case of gas turbines, the efficiency of energy can be increased by about 40% or more.

In addition, it can bring about a significant reduction effect of harmful exhaust gases (SOx, NOx) of the fossil fuel-using device.

On the other hand, since it is vaporized and then burned, it is possible to use low quality fuel (heavy oil) in gas turbines or aircraft if necessary.

[Note: The table attached below is through the burner who contributed to the development by receiving a request for combustion technology support from S&B Co., Ltd., a company that developed an industrial heavy oil steam burner a few years ago. This is a result table that the inventor directly measured and prepared the efficiency from an industrial 5ton (water capacity) boiler when water gasification conditions were met to some extent. The table below is an excerpt when the efficiency of the boiler was the best, and is the result when water gasification was carried out by mixing heavy oil with water, and the result table in a state where the process of hydrogen gasification was not performed at all. If hydrogen gasification is achieved through a catalyst (nickel) device, boiler efficiency can be further increased.

The reason why the burner efficiency was measured to be 150% is considered to be due to some fuelization effect of water through water gasification of the fuel.

However, water is regenerated after combustion and there is no apparent consumption, but it is estimated as energy generation from water molecules due to a small amount of mass reduction according to the mass equivalent energy equation (E=mc^2). (There is a law of conservation of mass, but since this is a very small value of mass change in the generation of energy due to mass reduction, it is according to the result that it is possible to calculate the chemical reaction equation using the mass conservation method.)

Currently, steam burner developers are developing and commercializing steam burners that exhibit 110% boiler efficiency under the condition that water gasification conditions are generally met. This is a result of raising the efficiency of boilers for general industrial use by about 20% or more.

However, the business itself is very difficult due to various adverse conditions, such as the very poor management conditions and environment, the concept of social perception of efficiency (not exceeding 100%), and the concept of stereotype according to the same academic obsession. It is going through a state. ]

<Table shows the results of mixing steam in a heavy oil burner after producing steam separately in a device that uses steam in advance (using heavy oil). On the other hand, it was found that when the simple apparatus was manufactured, used, and heavy oil was mixed with water in advance in a manner similar to that of the present invention, the combustion flame became completely blue and the combustion temperature became higher when heating and completely burning water gas. . However, there was no boiler with a proper burner structure, so direct thermal efficiency experiments were difficult.>

1 is a schematic diagram of a water gas and hydrogen gas conversion device of a liquid gas turbine fuel
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a water and hydrogen gas conversion device of a general liquid fossil fuel

In order to mix the fossil fuel with water to completely emulsify and cause water gasification combustion, conditions must be set so that the fuel sufficiently generates a water gasification reaction <before carbon is consumed> before combustion.

In order for these conditions to be met, a sufficient amount of water and a sufficient amount of water molecules must be supplied before the combustion reaction occurs at a high temperature and high pressure.

<Because the amount of water vapor must be sufficient in a high temperature state to supply a sufficient amount of water, the volume of the water vapor becomes too large in a high temperature condition, so it is necessary to sufficiently consider the volume of the water gasification reactor in addition to the high pressure.>

In addition, in order to hydrogenate gasified gas through reaction with a catalyst (nickel), a sufficient amount of heat of reaction must be supplied.

Since the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is a sufficient amount of heat, water is supplied to supply heat of emulsified combustion using it or when sufficient supply conditions of other heat sources (electric heaters) are obtained when the heat of the fossil fuel is not secured. And fossil fuels are mixed to achieve water gasification or hydrogen gasification combustion according to the "background technology" to increase the calorific value in the combustion device by about 40% or more.

In order to facilitate the conversion of water gasification and hydrogen gasification of liquid fossil fuels using the exhaust heat of gas turbines or other heat (electric heaters, etc.) from outside, a part 27 of gas turbine exhaust gas is basically installed in the body ( 1) Use the exhaust heat by guiding it inside to promote the water gasification of the fuel or

Alternatively, when the use of the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is not feasible, the function of the same purpose is performed by using another heat source as shown in FIG. 2, and the water gas is secondarily converted into hydrogen gas through {catalyst device 16-nickel} As a device, the basic principle was sufficiently presented in "Background Technology", and the device structure for obtaining the most reasonable structure according to the principle is as follows.

1) When the heating of oil and water is desired by using the exhaust heat of the gas turbine, a high pressure oil pump is installed at the rear end of the water tank (3) and the oil tank (4) with an internal oil heater (5) as shown in FIG. (8) and Water Pump (9) are installed to supply enough water (approximately twice the amount of oil) and oil sufficient to cause a water gas reaction, respectively, and using the heat of the exhaust gas (27) of a part of the gas turbine, water vapor. The generator 10 and the oil vapor generator 11 are pressurized to generate water vapor and oil vapor, the generated water vapor and the oil vapor are mixed in the oil vapor vapor mixing machine 24, and the mixed gas is sent to the water gasification reactor 25 Water gas is reacted by water gasification in a high temperature and high pressure state (about 400 ℃ or higher, the pressure is higher than the gas turbine combustion pressure-about 40 KGf/cm^2 or higher). The gas cooling fan (13) condenses the non-aqueous gasified moisture in the water gas and discharges it under reduced pressure, and the water-discharged water gas is a gas turbine combustor that burns only water gas (the volume must be larger than the current gas turbine combustor). The gas turbine's combustor must be restructured.) If water gas is converted to hydrogen gas to increase the amount of heat generated, the cooled water gas is re-gas turbine for exhausting water. The temperature sufficient to cause catalytic reaction with nickel in the water gas gas turbine exhaust gas heater (29) by sending it to the Duct of Gas (27, since high temperature conditions are required to convert the water gas to hydrogen gas by reacting with the nickel catalyst). After changing to a high temperature water gas, it is sent to the hydrogen gasification catalyst device 16 to react with the built-in nickel catalyst, and then replaced with hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide separator 18 in the carbon dioxide separator 18 supplies the CO2 discharge valve by specific gravity difference. The separated hydrogen gas is discharged through and is a device having a structure for discharging the hydrogen gas to a gas turbine or other use through the hydrogen gas extraction pipe 20.

2) When the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is not available, or when it is difficult to secure a suitable heat source for combustion, the oil and water are thoroughly mixed in advance in the Water & Oil Mixing Equipment (38) as shown in FIG. 2, and then the Water & Oil mixture is pressurized. Pressurized by the pump (37), it is sent to the Water & Oil mixing heater (33) to mix and heat Oil and Water. <If sufficient space is supplied and space is secured, the oil and oil can be used as in 1). Water may be separately heated to vaporize and vaporize water to induce a water gasification reaction. >

The mixed heated fluid causes the water gas conversion from the liquid or gaseous fluid to gasification in the water gasification conversion heater 35, and water gas, water, sludge, etc. are mixed and mixed through the water gas withdrawal pipe 26. The water gas is passed to the water separator 15. At this time, the water separation and the sludge are simultaneously separated. The following process is the same as in 1), and instead of the exhaust heat of the gas turbine, a water gas heating electric heater 32 is used.

Since the present invention is an advanced device for achieving an ultra-high-efficiency gas turbine and an ultra-high-efficiency boiler and combustion device in gas turbines, boilers, and various combustion devices using liquid fossil fuels, reduction of energy problems in industrial society, especially harmful exhaust It is useful for drastically reducing gas, and is a device that can contribute to solving environmental problems, energy problems, and global warming reduction.

1: Body 2: Steam Steam Mixer Drive Motor 3: Water Tank 4: Oil Tank
5: Oil Heater 6: Oil Supply Valve 7: Water Supply Valve
8: Oil Supply Pump 9: Water Supply Pump 10: Steam Generator
11: Steam Generator 12: Oil Sludge Drain Valve 13: Water Gas Cooling Fan
14: pressure reducer 15: water gas water separator 16: hydrogen gasification catalyst device
17: CO2 hydrogen piping 18: CO2 separator 19: CO2 discharge valve
20: hydrogen withdrawal pipe 21: water gas catalyst inlet pipe 22: water gas discharge pipe
23: superheated steam generating tube 24: steam steam mixing machine 25: water gasification reactor
26: water gas withdrawal pipe 27: gas turbine exhaust gas part 28: hydrogen gas inlet valve
29: water gas gas turbine exhaust gas heater 30: superheated steam generator
31: water gas heating device 32: water gas heating electric heater
33: Water & Oil mixing heater 34: Water & Oil mixing heating electric heater
35: water gasification conversion heater 36: water gasification conversion heating heater
37: Water & Oil mixing pressurized pump 38: Water & Oil Mixing Equipment

Claims (2)

As shown in Fig. 1, a high-pressure oil supply pump (8) and a water supply pump (9) are installed inside the case where the exhaust gas of a part of the gas turbine passes through the body (1) of the entire basic skeleton, and the gas turbine is installed. Inside the exhaust duct of the steam generator (10) and steam generator (11), superheated steam generator tube (23), superheated steam generator tube (30), water vapor steam mixing machine (24), etc. are installed to promote the generation of water gas, Cooling the non-aqueous gasified water in an aqueous gas water separator (15) equipped with a cooling fan (13) separates moisture and supplies dry water gas to the gas turbine through the water gas discharge pipe (22), and also water gas When hydrogen gasification is required, the cooled water gas is sent back to a part of the gas turbine to heat it in the gas gas turbine exhaust gas heater 29 and then replaced with hydrogen gas in the hydrogen gasification catalyst device 16 to carbon dioxide. Water gas and hydrogen gas conversion device of the liquid gas turbine fuel configured to separate the CO 2 in the separator 18 and then supply hydrogen to the user through the hydrogen extraction pipe 20. As a basic principle as shown in Figure 1, as shown in Figure 2, equipped with a Water & Oil Mixing Equipment (38), a Water & Oil mixing pressurized pump (37) inside the body of the entire basic skeleton, and heating the mixed liquid of Oil and Water (34) A liquid gas turbine configured to generate water vapor and hydrogen gas in the same manner as in claim 1 by converting the water vaporization conversion heater 35 to water gasification by generating a mixed vapor by sending it to the steam vapor mixing generator 33 equipped with Fuel water and hydrogen gas conversion device.

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