KR20180100514A - Surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a surgical robot system for a stereotactic surgery, capable of reducing a control error. According to the present invention, the surgical robot system for a stereotactic surgery comprises: a stereotactic surgery unit moving and rotating a surgical tool with at least five degree of freedom; a control unit receiving first imaging data representing a three-dimensional (3D) image of a surgical portion including a surgical target; at least one marker attached or disposed close to the surgical portion; an imaging unit generating second imaging data representing a 3D image of the outside of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit tracking the position and the posture of the imaging unit and the marker. The control unit generates a first coordinate conversion relation to convert coordinates from a first coordinate system of the first imaging data into a second coordinate system of the second imaging data. The control unit uses the first coordinate conversion relation, and the position and the posture of the at least one marker and the imaging unit to generate a second coordinate conversion relation for converting coordinates from the first coordinate system into a third coordinate system of the at least one marker and a third coordinate conversion relation for converting convert coordinates from the third coordinate system into a fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit. The control unit uses the second and third coordinate conversion relations to control the stereotactic surgery unit.

Description

[0001] SURGICAL ROBOT SYSTEM FOR STEREOTACTIC SURGERY [0002]

The present invention relates to a surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery and a control method for a robot for stereotactic surgery.

The present invention is derived from research carried out as part of the core technology development project of the robot industry fusion technology of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. [Assignment No.: 10062800, Research title: Development of practical use of medical image-based brain surgery robot system through clinical trial]

Various orthopedic surgical instruments are known. For example, a LEXELL FRAME is used as a manual surgical apparatus for brain surgery. The lextel frame has a structure in which the user can manually move and rotate the orthopedic surgical tool in X, Y, and Z axes so that the position of the orthopedic surgical tool corresponds to the affected part position. However, in the case of using the manual orthopedic surgical instrument, since the user must visually read the scale on the lextel frame to determine the position of the surgical tool and move it, errors are likely to occur between the lesion site and the surgical tool.

Therefore, in order to improve the precision of the positioning of the surgical tool, a technique utilizing a robot for stereotactic surgery is being used. The robot for stereotactic surgery is embodied as a robot arm including a movable arm assembly, wherein the robot arm is connected to a fixed base and includes a plurality of arms connected in series. The position of the surgical tool attached to the tandem robot arm and the precision of the operation are affected by all degrees of freedom of the robot arm. That is, when an error occurs in an operation using one of the axes of the robot arm, the error is added to the error generated in operation using the other axes, so that errors in operation through all the axes of the robot arm accumulate and affect the accuracy of operation. In this case, if an operation error occurs in the drive end provided on the base side, the error is added to the other operation errors of the plurality of robot arms connected to the base, and the error is amplified toward the end of the robot arm. Therefore, in order to increase the precision of the operation, it is desirable that the distance between the base on which the robot arm is fixed and the ring portion is set to be short. However, if the distance between the base and the ring portion of the robot arm is shortened, the inertia of the robot arm becomes small, so that an error is likely to occur, thereby making it difficult to precisely control the robot arm. Further, since the space between the base and the annular portion of the robot arm becomes small, the working radius of the robot arm becomes narrow. Further, when the robot arm fixed to the base is disposed around the lesion portion, there is a danger that the user may collide with the robot arm when the user moves around the lesion portion, so that the movement of the user may be interrupted.

On the other hand, for the stereotactic operation, the position of the surgical target and the entry position (or entry) of the surgical tool must be specified. In the case of brain or neurosurgery, if the position of the surgical tool is not set properly, unnecessary risk may be caused to the patient by contacting the important parts of the brain or nerve before the surgical tool reaches the surgical target. However, in the conventional stereotactic surgical instrument, the movement of the surgical tool according to the position of the surgical target and the movement of the surgical tool according to the entry position of the surgical tool are controlled independently. Therefore, when an error occurs between the position of the actual surgical tool and the position of the surgical tool recognized by the stereotactic surgical robot system, the control of the surgical tool for correcting the error becomes complicated.

The present invention provides a surgical robot for orthopedic surgery, which can improve the accuracy of the orthopedic surgery and ensure the convenience of the patient's posture.

The present invention provides a control method of a surgical robot for stereotactic surgery, which reduces the control error of the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery and facilitates correcting the occurrence error.

In the present invention, the operation control of the surgical tool according to the position of the surgical target and the control of the operation of the surgical tool according to the entry position of the surgical tool are independently performed, A surgical robot for stereotactic surgery, and a surgical robot for stereotactic surgery.

The present invention provides a surgical robot system and a control method of a stereotactic surgical robot capable of easily controlling a surgical robot for stereotactic surgery based on an image of a surgical object displayed on a user interface.

The surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a stereotactic surgery unit for moving and rotating the surgical tool through at least five degrees of freedom, and a second imaging unit for receiving first imaging data representing a three- An imaging section for generating second imaging data representing a three-dimensional image of the outside of the surgical site, and an imaging section for tracking the position and posture of the imaging section and the marker, And the control unit may generate a first coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from a first coordinate system of the first imaging data to a second coordinate system of the second imaging data, And the position and posture of the at least one marker are used to calculate an image from the first coordinate system A second coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates to a third coordinate system of at least one marker and a third coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the third coordinate system to the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery section, And the stereotactic surgery unit can be controlled using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation.

According to one embodiment, the control unit can visually visualize the first imaging data through a user interface, and the position of the surgical target input by the user and the entry position of the surgical tool through the user interface, Can be converted into coordinates on the coordinate system.

According to an embodiment, the controller may convert the coordinates on the transformed first coordinate system into coordinates on the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation.

According to one embodiment, the stereotactic surgery unit includes a rotation unit to which the surgical tool is attached and rotates the surgical tool around at least one rotation axis of the two rotation axes, and a rotation unit that rotates the rotation unit in at least one of three axes And the control unit may determine an entry posture of the surgical tool based on the coordinates on the transformed fourth coordinate system, and the coordinate corresponding to the position of the surgical target on the fourth coordinate system is The rotating part can be moved through the moving part so as to be located at the intersection of the two rotating shafts and the surgical tool can be rotated through the rotating part so that the surgical tool has the determined attitude of the surgical tool.

According to one embodiment, A first direction driving unit moving along a first axis direction, a second direction driving unit connected to the first direction driving unit and moving along a second axis direction, and a second direction driving unit connected to the second direction driving unit, And the rotation unit may include one end connected to the third direction driving unit, and may include a first rotation driving unit rotating about the first rotation axis and a second rotation driving unit connected to the first rotation driving unit And a second rotation driving unit rotating about a second rotation axis, and the surgical tool may be attached to the second rotation driving unit.

According to an embodiment, the control unit may include a fourth coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the second coordinate system to the fifth coordinate system of the image sensing unit based on the position and posture of the image sensing unit, 3 coordinate system, and generates the second coordinate transformation relation based on the first coordinate transformation relation, the fourth coordinate transformation relation, and the fifth coordinate transformation relation can do.

According to one embodiment, the control unit may generate the first coordinate transformation relationship through image registration between a three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and a three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data .

According to one embodiment, the control unit performs the image matching using at least a part of the surgical site commonly included in the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data .

According to one embodiment, the control unit may extract two-dimensional imaging data representing a two-dimensional cross-sectional image of the surgical site from the first imaging data, and may be configured to extract, from the sixth coordinate system of the two- The stereotactic surgery unit can be controlled using the coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates and the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation.

According to an embodiment, the imaging unit may generate the second imaging data using a phase measuring scheme.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, a method for controlling a stereotactic surgical part for moving and rotating a surgical tool at least five degrees of freedom includes a first step of displaying a three- The method comprising the steps of: receiving imaging data by a control unit; generating second imaging data representing a three-dimensional image outside the surgical site, the imaging unit including at least one imaging unit and at least one marker attached to or proximate to the surgical site Generating a first coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from a first coordinate system of the first imaging data to a second coordinate system of the second imaging data by the tracking unit; The first coordinate transformation relation and the position and posture of the imaging unit and the at least one marker, A third coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the system to the third coordinate system of the at least one marker and a third coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the third coordinate system to the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery section, And the control unit controls the stereotactic surgery unit using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation.

According to one embodiment, the method for controlling the stereotactic surgery unit includes the steps of visualizing the first imaging data through the user interface, and displaying the position of the surgical target, which is input by the user through the user interface, And the control unit may convert the entry position into coordinates on the first coordinate system.

According to one embodiment, the step of controlling the stereotactic surgery unit may further comprise the step of using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation to convert the coordinates on the transformed first coordinate system into coordinates on the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit And the control unit may perform the conversion.

According to one embodiment, the stereotactic surgery unit includes a rotation unit to which the surgical tool is attached and rotates the surgical tool around at least one rotation axis of the two rotation axes, and a rotation unit that rotates the rotation unit in at least one of three axes Wherein the step of controlling the stereotactic surgery part includes the steps of the control part determining the entry posture of the surgical tool based on the coordinates on the transformed fourth coordinate system, The control unit moves the rotation unit through the movement unit so that a coordinate corresponding to a position of the target is located at an intersection of the two rotation axes, and the control unit controls the rotation unit And rotating the surgical tool through the surgical instrument.

According to one embodiment, the step of generating the second coordinate transformation relation by the control unit may include a fourth step of transforming coordinates from the second coordinate system to the fifth coordinate system of the image sensing unit, based on the position and posture of the image sensing unit, And a fifth coordinate transformation relation for transforming coordinates from the fifth coordinate system to the third coordinate system by the control unit, and a second coordinate transformation relationship for transforming the first coordinate transformation relation, the fourth coordinate transformation relation, And the control unit may generate the second coordinate conversion relation based on the coordinate conversion relation.

According to an embodiment, the step of generating the first coordinate transformation relation may include: a step of generating, by image matching between a three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and a three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data, 1 < / RTI > coordinate transformation relationship.

According to one embodiment, the control unit performs the image matching using at least a part of the surgical site commonly included in the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data can do.

The computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention may store a program including instructions for performing each step of the control methods of the surgical robot system.

According to the control method of the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery and the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery according to the present invention, the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery can be independently controlled according to the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool, , The control method becomes simple. It is possible to dispose the surgical robot in the vicinity of the affected part of the patient so that the convenience of the patient and the workability of the operator can be improved and the control error can be reduced.

In addition, according to the surgical robot system including the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery according to the present invention, the physician can easily control the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery through the user interface, and even if there is movement of the patient during the operation, It is possible to reset the coordinate conversion relation for the control of FIG.

1 is a view showing an example in which a surgical robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for surgery.
2 is a block diagram illustrating a surgical robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a perspective view illustrating a surgical robot for stereotactic surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a perspective view of a moving part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a perspective view of a rotating part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a perspective view of a surgical site support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a perspective view of a patient fixation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a perspective view of a surgical robot for orthopedic surgery combined with a patient fixation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a block diagram illustrating a marker and a tracking unit for explaining the operation of the tracking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a view showing a result of matching images of a patient including an image of the vicinity of an entry position of the surgical tool obtained through the imaging unit and a surgical site photographed before surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a view showing a position of a surgical target and an entry position of a surgical tool in a three-dimensional image of a patient including a surgical site photographed before surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a view for explaining the position of a surgical target and the entry position of a surgical tool displayed on a two-dimensional sectional image of a three-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image including a surgical site according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.
13 is a diagram for explaining a method for converting coordinates from a coordinate system of imaging data representing a three-dimensional image including a surgical site to a coordinate system of a patient marker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a view showing a position of a surgical target and an entry position of a surgical tool on a two-dimensional sectional image on an axial plane of a three-dimensional image of a patient including a surgical site photographed before surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention; to be.
15 is a view showing a position of a surgical target and an entry position of a surgical tool on a two-dimensional sectional image on a sagittal plane of a three-dimensional image of a patient including a surgical site photographed before surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention; to be.
16 is a view showing a position of a surgical target and an entry position of a surgical tool on a two-dimensional sectional image on a coronal plane of a three-dimensional image of a patient including a surgical site photographed before surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention; to be.
17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a stereotactic surgery unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from a coordinate system of imaging data representing a three-dimensional image including a surgical site to a coordinate system of a patient marker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
19 is a diagram illustrating a method of controlling a stereotactic surgery unit using a coordinate transformation relation for converting coordinates from a coordinate system of imaging data representing a three-dimensional image including a surgical site to a coordinate system of a stereotactic surgical unit according to an embodiment of the present invention FIG.

The embodiments of the present invention described below are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in various forms and are not to be construed as being limited to the embodiments shown below or to the detailed description of these embodiments.

The term "part " used in the present embodiment means hardware components such as software, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). However, "part" is not limited to hardware and software. "Part" may be configured to reside on an addressable storage medium, and may be configured to play back one or more processors. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, "part, " as used herein, is intended to be broadly interpreted as referring to components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, Firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functions provided within the component and the "part " may be combined into a smaller number of components and" parts " or further separated into additional components and "parts ".

All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. All terms used herein are selected for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The singular forms of the disclosure described herein may also include plural representations, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and the same applies to the singular forms of the claims set forth in the claims.

The terms "first "," second ", etc. used in various embodiments of the present invention are used to distinguish between a plurality of components, and do not limit the order or importance of the components.

As used herein, the terms "comprising" and "having ", unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, are to be construed as open-ended terms.

The expression "on the basis of" in this specification is used to describe one or more factors that affect the behavior or behavior of a decision or judgment described in the phrase including the expression, It does not rule out additional factors that affect operation.

When an element is referred to herein as being "connected" or "connected" to another element, it is to be understood that any element may be directly connected or connected to the other element, It should be understood that there may be other components between the component and the other component.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same constituent elements in the drawings and redundant explanations for the same constituent elements are omitted.

<Surgical Robot System for Surgical Surgery>

FIG. 1 shows an example in which a surgical robot system capable of performing a stereotactic surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in surgery. As shown, a doctor (or a user) can perform a stereotactic operation on the patient 160 using a surgical robot, such as the orthopedic surgical unit 1. [ The physician may review the image of the surgical site displayed on the user interface 150 to determine the location of the surgical target to undergo surgery and the location at which the surgical tool will enter the patient 160. [

If the doctor inputs the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool through the user interface 150, the operation of the stereotactic surgical section 1 is controlled based on this, The tool can access the surgical target. Here, the "surgical target" (or the object to be treated) may mean an object to be removed or treated through a surgical tool, such as a tumor or an organ, a lesion in a blood vessel or a bone. For example, the surgical target may be located in the body or external surface (or skin) of the patient 160. The "entry point" (or entry) of the surgical instrument may refer to the position on the patient's external surface where the surgical tool initially contacts or passes through to access the surgical target when the surgical target is within the patient's body. For example, where the surgical tool is operative to remove a tumor present in the patient's brain, the entry site of the surgical tool may be set on the scalp of the patient.

According to one embodiment, the operation of the stereotactic surgical section 1 can be accurately controlled using the imaging section 120 and the tracking section 130 included in the surgical robot system. The imaging unit 120 may generate imaging data representing a three-dimensional image of the outside of the surgical site including the surgical target, such as the brain or vertebrae. Here, the term "imaging data" may mean data that can be displayed in a form capable of visually recognizing an object to be imaged, such as a surgical site. For example, Dimensional image and coordinate system information associated with the image. The tracking unit 130 tracks the markers 170, 172, and 174 attached to the upper part 120, the orthopedic surgery unit 1 and the patient 160 to detect the positions and positions Can be tracked. According to the surgical robot system of the present invention, the current position of the surgical tool attached to the stereotactic surgical unit 1 can be determined using the tracking unit 130. Further, based on the information generated through the imaging unit 120 and the tracking unit 130, the surgical tool can be moved from the current position to the position of the surgical target input through the user interface 150. [

According to one embodiment, the orthopedic surgical section 1 may be attached to the operating table 110 and used. Therefore, even if the operating table 110 moves during the stereotactic operation, since the stereotactic operation unit 1 moves together with the operating table 110, the position where the surgical tool is guided to the surgical target may not change. Further, when the orthopedic surgical section 1 is attached to the operating table 110 and used, the orthopedic surgical section 1 can be positioned near the patient, so that the surgical tool attached to the stereotactic operation section 1 can be precisely controlled And it is possible to prevent the copper wire of the doctor from being disturbed by the stereotactic surgery unit 1. [

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the surgical robot system of the present invention outlined in the example of FIG. 1 will be described in more detail.

2 is a block diagram illustrating a surgical robot system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The surgical robot system 100 may include a stereotactic surgery unit 1, an imaging unit 120, a tracking unit 130, and a control unit 140, which are surgical robot systems capable of performing stereotactic surgery. The stereotactic surgical section 1 may include a surgical tool capable of performing a stereotactic operation on a surgical target included in a surgical site and a device capable of guiding the surgical tool.

According to one embodiment, the stereotactic surgical section 1 may be a surgical robot for stereotactic surgery capable of operating at least five degrees of freedom. For example, the orthopedic surgical section 1 can move the surgical tool in at least three axial directions and rotate the surgical tool about at least two rotational axes. The stereotactic surgery unit 1 may be attached to the operating table 110 and used.

According to one embodiment, the stereotactic surgery unit 1 can independently perform movement and rotation of the surgical tool according to the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool. Here, the movement and rotation of the surgical tool are performed independently of each other. That is, the configuration for moving the surgical tool and the configuration for rotating the surgical tool are separately implemented in the stereotactic surgery unit 1, May mean that the rotation can be performed separately and controlled. For example, the orthopedic surgical section 1 moves the surgical tool first according to the position of the surgical target, determines the posture or direction in which the surgical tool approaches or inserts into the surgical target according to the entry position of the surgical tool, The surgical tool can be rotated so that the tool has the same posture. Therefore, when the entry position of the surgical tool for the same surgical target is changed during the stereotactic surgery, the operation can be resumed within a short time by simply changing the posture of the surgical tool. More specific embodiments of the configuration and operation of the stereotactic surgical section 1 will be described later in the related section.

The imaging unit 120 may generate imaging data representing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image outside the surgical site. According to one embodiment, the imaging unit 120 may generate imaging data representative of the surface image of the patient 160 or may generate imaging data representative of an image of the surgical target or the entry site (or periphery) of the surgical tool . According to one embodiment, the imaging unit 120 may generate imaging data representing a three-dimensional image based on a phase measuring scheme using pattern light or the like.

Imaging data generated by the imaging unit 120 may be conveyed to the user interface 150 and visually displayed on the user interface 150. Further, the imaging data generated by the imaging unit 120 may be stored in the storage device 180 and then used for analysis or treatment of a surgical result after the surgery.

According to one embodiment, the imaging data generated by the imaging unit 120 and the imaging data representing the three-dimensional image of the surgical site including the surgical target previously photographed prior to surgery may be matched. Imaging data representing a three-dimensional image of the surgical site may be stored in the storage device 180 prior to surgery. The user interface 150 can visually display the result of matching the two imaging data. For example, the user interface 150 may be a display device capable of displaying a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image represented by the data based on any imaging data. Imaging data representing a three-dimensional image of a surgical site previously photographed prior to surgery may be imaging data relating to CT or MRI images of the surgical site.

According to another embodiment, the control unit 140 can control the stereotactic surgery unit 1 based on the imaging data generated using the imaging unit 120. [ More specific embodiments related to the image pickup unit 120 will be described later in the related section.

The tracking unit 130 is a device for tracking the movement of an object, specifically, a device capable of tracking the position and / or attitude of an object. According to one embodiment, the tracking unit 130 can track the object to which the marker is attached by measuring the position and / or posture of the marker attached to the tracking object. For example, after attaching the marker to the surgical tool, the surgical tool may be tracked by the tracking portion 130 tracking the position and / or posture of the marker attached to the surgical tool.

According to one embodiment, the results of tracking the markers 170, 172, and 174 attached to the surgical or surgical sites of the imaging unit 120, the stereotactic surgical unit 1, , So that the orthopedic surgical section 1 can be controlled. The markers may be attached to various configurations of the surgical robot system 100 or to various locations of the tool / device used for stereotactic surgery depending on the purpose of tracking. More specific embodiments related to the configuration and operation of the tracking unit 130 will be described later in the related section.

The control unit 140 can control the operations of various components of the surgical robot system 100 including the stereotactic surgery unit 1, the imaging unit 120, the tracking unit 130, and the user interface 150 . The control unit 140 may store and execute control software including surgical planning software and navigation software for controlling these components. In addition, the control unit 140 may include one or more processors, such as a CPU, capable of executing such software.

According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 may be located in the operating room to control the surgical robot system 100. According to another embodiment, the control unit 140 may be located outside the operating room and may be connected to the surgical robot system 100 via a wired or wireless network to control the surgical robot system 100. According to another embodiment, the control unit 140 may be implemented such that its functions are distributed to other components of the surgical robot system 100. [ For example, the function of the control unit 140 that can control the tracking unit 130 can be implemented in the tracking unit 130, and the function of the control unit 140, which can control the image pickup unit 120, Section 120 of FIG. The control unit 140 may be connected to a database installed inside or outside the operating room or the hospital by a wired or wireless network, and may receive various data including imaging data necessary for surgery from the database.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of each of the components included in the surgical robot system 100 will be described.

<Suture Surgery Section (1)>

Fig. 3 shows a surgical robot 1 for stereotactic surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention, which can be used as the orthopedic surgical section 1 of Fig. The surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 according to the present embodiment includes a moving part 10, a rotating part 40 and a surgical part supporting part 70, and can be configured to be detachable from the operating table. The surgical robot 50 for stereotactic surgery may control the moving part 10 and the rotation part 40 so that the position and attitude of the surgical tool 50 Can be adjusted. The surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 according to the present embodiment can move the moving part 10 according to the position of the surgical target and rotate the rotating part 40 according to the position or posture of the surgical tool. The moving part 10 and the rotation part 40 can be independently controlled.

4 and 5, the detailed configuration and operation of the moving unit 10 connected to rotate the rotation unit 40 will be described. According to one embodiment, the moving part 10 is operable to reciprocate in the axial direction of at least one of the three axes of the surgical tool 50 fixed to one end of the rotating part 40 and the rotating part 40, Accordingly, the moving unit 10 can have three degrees of freedom. The moving part 10 may include first to third direction driving parts 12, 14 and 16 moving along the first to third linear axis directions 13, 15 and 17.

In this embodiment, the first to third linear axial directions 13, 15 and 17 are orthogonal to each other, and each of the driving portions 12, 14 and 16 can reciprocate along mutually orthogonal axes. According to another embodiment, the first to third linear axial directions 13,15, 17 may be arranged in any manner not orthogonal. The first to third direction drive units 12, 14, 16 may be implemented using one of various mechanical or electrical drive means including, for example, a linear motor, a ball screw, and the like. The moving part 10 is detachably connected to the connection part 72 of the surgical part supporter 70 through the fixing part 11 and the rotation part 40 is rotatably connected to the third driving part 16, Lt; / RTI &gt;

The detailed configuration and operation of the rotation unit 40 will be described with reference to Fig. The rotation unit 40 may include a first rotation driving unit 42 connected to the third direction driving unit 16 and a second rotation driving unit 44 connected to the first rotation driving unit 42. The first and second rotation drive units 42 and 44 may be rotated around the first and second rotation shafts 43 and 45, respectively. For example, each of the first and second rotary drives 42, 44 may be implemented using one of various mechanical or electrical drive means including a servo motor, a hydraulic motor, and the like.

As shown, the first and second rotation drive portions 42 and 44 may be designed as arcs or similar shapes. By adopting such a shape, it is possible to mount the integral drape capable of covering the entire rotary portion 40 to the rotary portion 40, and the drape can be installed and exchanged hygienically. The shapes of the first and second rotation driving portions 42 and 44 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 5, and can be changed into various shapes according to the surgical site or surgical method in which the surgical robot system of the present invention is used.

The second rotation driving part 44 of the present embodiment may include a surgical tool 50 connected to the first rotation driving part 42 and a holder 46 capable of detachably holding the surgical tool 50 . The holder 46 is constructed so that various types of surgical instruments can be easily attached and detached. By providing the holder 46 having such a configuration, the surgeon can perform a quick operation by shortening the replacement time of the surgical tool.

The second rotation driving unit 44 may further include a surgical eyedropper 51 for detecting whether the surgical tool 50 is attached or detached. The control unit 140 controls the driving units 12, 14 and 16 of the moving unit 10 so that the driving units 12, 14 and 16 can be fixed without moving Can be controlled. By the operation control of the moving part 10 of the control part 140, it is possible to prevent a catastrophic medical accident caused by a malfunction of a surgical robot during surgery or a movement of a moving part due to a physical impact, and safe operation is possible.

The first rotary shaft 43 and the second rotary shaft 45 are set to be orthogonal to each other and the surgical tool 50 is attached to the second rotary drive 44, The posture toward the point where the first rotary shaft 43 and the second rotary shaft 45 intersect can be maintained. Therefore, even if the first rotation drive portion 42 and the second rotation drive portion 44 rotate about the first rotation axis 43 and the second rotation axis 45, respectively, the first rotation axis 43 and the second rotation axis 45 And the posture of the surgical tool 50 toward the point where the first rotary shaft 43 and the second rotary shaft 45 intersect can be maintained. The distal end of the surgical tool 50 is moved in the vertical direction while the rotary part 40 is moved by the moving part 10 so that the position at which the first rotary shaft 43 and the second rotary shaft 45 intersect with the position of the surgical target The posture toward the position of the surgical target is maintained, so that the entry posture of the surgical tool 50 can be appropriately selected while the position of the surgical target is kept constant. Therefore, even if the rotation unit 40 rotates the surgical tool 50, the operation of the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 can be controlled while maintaining the position of the surgical target constant. Here, the 'position of the surgical target' may refer to a position of a three-dimensional space occupied by the surgical target including a point or a point of the surgical target. Also, the 'point' of the surgical target may mean a two-dimensional or three-dimensional area sufficiently small to be visually distinguishable by one point, and is not limited to a point of mathematical or physical meaning.

The moving part 10 having the above-described configuration moves the rotating part 40 in accordance with the position of the surgical target and the rotating part 40 rotates the surgical tool 50 according to the entry posture of the surgical tool, The moving part 10 and the rotation part 40 can be independently controlled according to the position and the posture of the surgical tool. Conventionally, a complicated surgical robot operation control system has been used to control the surgical tool, and it has not been possible to independently control according to the position of the surgical target and control according to the surgical tool entry posture. However, according to the present embodiment, since the moving part 10 and the rotating part 40 can be independently controlled according to the position of the surgical target and the entering posture of the surgical tool, the precision and efficiency of the control of the surgical robot and the surgical tool Can be improved.

The present embodiment may further include a hollow 48 formed around the first rotation axis 43 at a connecting portion between the first rotation drive portion 42 and the third direction drive portion 16 of the rotation portion 40 . A photographing device for photographing the medical image of the surgical site or other affected part through the hollow 48 may be installed in the lower part of the hollow 48. According to such a configuration, even when the position of the surgical tool is calibrated or the surgical site is photographed to observe the state of the patient during operation, the moving part 10 or the rotation part 40 shields the part to be photographed . By forming the hollow 48 in the direction of the first rotation axis 43 at the connecting portion of the first rotation driving portion 42 and the third direction driving portion 16 as described above, , And C-arm can be compatible with the use of various medical imaging devices. For example, the hollow 48 may be realized by using a hollow rotary joint formed at a connecting portion of the first rotation drive portion 42 and the third direction drive portion 16 in the direction of the first rotation shaft 43. [

The detailed configuration and operation of the surgical site support unit 70 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. A surgical site support unit 70 may be provided to appropriately adjust the position of the moving unit 10 and the rotation unit 40 with respect to the patient or the surgical site. By providing the surgical site support portion 70, the patient can take a more comfortable posture during the operation. In this embodiment, the surgical site support part 70 includes posture adjusting parts 74 and 75, a connecting part 72, and a surgical restraining part 78.

The connecting portion 72 may include a connecting member 73 connectable to the moving portion 10. The connecting member 73 may be implemented using one of various mechanical connecting means such as a bolt and a nut or the like so as to detachably connect the fixing portion 11 and the connecting portion 72 of the moving portion 10. [ . The connecting member 73 can be realized by using a plurality of bolts and nuts. Through this structure, reliable connection and fixing between the moving part 10 and the surgical part supporter 70 are possible.

The posture adjusting parts 74 and 75 may include an angle adjusting part 75 for adjusting the angle of the operation part and a height adjusting part 74 for adjusting the height of the operation part. The angle adjusting portion 75 may be implemented using a manual or automatic mechanical device capable of adjusting the angle between the connecting portion 72 and the height adjusting portion 74 about one axis. The passive mechanical device may include various passive structures including a hinge or a link structure, and the automatic mechanical device may include a servo motor or a hydraulic cylinder. The height adjusting portion 74 is movably connected to the surgical rest stop 78 in the height direction so that the height of the entire other components connected to the height adjusting portion 74 can be adjusted. The height adjustment portion 74 may be implemented using a manual or automatic mechanical device including a ball screw or a linear motor.

The surgery restraining part 78 may be configured to fix the entire operation part supporting part 70 to the operating table 110. Thus, the entire surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 including the moving part 10 and the rotating part 40 can be fixed to the operating table 110. The surgical resting portion 78 may include a clamping portion 79 for firm fixation of the operating table 110 and the surgical resting portion 78. The clamping portion 79 can secure the entire operation portion supporting portion 70 to the operating table 110 by clamping the operation rest portion 78 to a part of the operating table 110 (for example, a rail provided on the side surface). Although the clamping portion 79 is used as the clamping portion 79 in the present embodiment, the clamping portion 79 may be fixed to the operating table 110 using various fixing mechanisms such as a screw, have.

The detailed structure and operation of the surgical site fixation unit 90 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In general, a stereotactic surgical device requires that the patient's surgical site (e.g., the patient's head) be secured against the surgical instrument without shaking. For this purpose, in the present embodiment, the surgical site securing section 90 may include a surgical site securing frame 92, 93 and a surgical site securing pin 94. The surgical site securing frames 92 and 93 are composed of a lateral surgical site securing frame 92 and a longitudinal surgical site securing frame 93 for securing the surgical site, A surgical site fixing pin 94 for precisely fixing the surgical site of the patient is attached. Although the surgical site fixation portion 90 includes one transverse operation site fixation frame 92 and four longitudinal operation site fixation frames 93 as an example, 92 and the longitudinal surgical site securing frame 93 or the connection structure therebetween may be changed as necessary.

The surgery site securing frames 92 and 93 of this embodiment can be changed to appropriate forms in order to enhance compatibility with the imaging unit 120 in use. For example, when a patient's head is operated, an image of the patient is taken, and the feature region of the patient's eyes, nose, tail, ear, and the like is extracted from the image, Prediction and judgment. In this case, the surgery site fixing frames 92 and 93 can be configured so as not to interfere with the photographing of the characteristic region of the patient. In the present embodiment, for example, the center portion of the upper portion of the transverse direction surgical site fixing frame 92 is concave so as not to interfere with the nose portion of the patient, (93) can be connected to the outermost side of the transverse direction surgical site securing frame (92). Therefore, the transverse direction surgical site securing frame 92 and the longitudinal direction surgical site securing frame 93 of the present embodiment prevent the characteristic region of the patient from being obscured, and the imaging of the characteristic region of the patient by the in- Can be guaranteed.

The surgical site securing frame 92, 93 and the surgical site securing pin 94 may be made of a material having durability and rigid properties such as metal, for example. However, when such a metallic material is used, the patient may be electrocontacted when in contact with an electric device such as an electronic control device or a measuring device. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the insulating means may be connected to the surgical site securing frame 92, 93 so that the electrical devices and the patient are not in electrical contact. Specifically, since the surgical site fixing frames 92 and 93 and the connecting portion 72 include the insulating means 95, the surgical site fixing frames 92 and 93 and the connecting portion 72 are not electrically connected to each other .

Since the surgical site securing portion 90 in this embodiment can be detachably connected to the connecting portion 72, the surgical site securing portion 90 having a shape and size suitable for the surgical purpose can be selected and replaced easily. Since the surgical site securing portion 90 can be directly fixed to the surgical site supporting portion 70, the surgical site securing portion 90 can stably fix the surgical site during the movement of the moving portion 10 and the rotation of the rotation portion 40 Can be fixed.

The surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 of the present embodiment can be automatically controlled through the control unit 140. [ Hereinafter, a control method of the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery 1 will be described in detail.

The control unit 140 determines the position of the surgical site according to the surgical plan and the entrance position of the surgical instrument and outputs a control signal for moving the surgical instrument according to the determined positions, can do. Based on the control signal output from the control unit 140, the moving unit 10 moves the at least one of the three axes so that the point at which the two rotation axes intersect with the position of the surgical target coincides with the position of the surgical target, Direction. The rotation unit 40 may rotate the surgical tool 50 around at least one rotation axis of the two rotation axes in accordance with the entry attitude information of the surgical tool on the basis of the control signal output from the control unit 140 . More specifically, based on the control signal outputted by the control unit 140, the moving unit 10 moves the first direction driving unit along the first linear axis direction, or moves the second direction driving unit along the second linear axis direction, The direction driving unit can be moved or the third direction driving unit can be moved along the third linear axis direction. The rotation unit 40 may rotate the first rotation drive unit about the first rotation axis or rotate the second rotation drive unit about the second rotation axis based on the control signal of the control unit 140. [

Since the moving unit 10 and the rotating unit 40 are independently controlled according to the position of the surgical target and the surgical tool entry posture, errors can be reduced in the operation control of the surgical robot 1, The additional operation control necessary for correcting the error can be simplified.

The control unit 140 may control the angle adjusting unit 75 and the height adjusting unit 74 to adjust at least one of the angle and the height of the surgical site.

Although the surgical robot 1 for stereotactic surgery according to the present invention has been described through an exemplary embodiment, it can be applied to various surgical sites (head, spine, joints, etc.) of the human body to which the stereotactic surgery can be applied.

&Lt; Tracking unit 130 >

The tracking unit 130 is an apparatus capable of tracking the movement of an object, specifically, a device capable of measuring the position and / or posture of an object. The tracking method is not particularly limited, but generally an optical tracking method based on optical technology or an electromagnetic tracking method based on electromagnetic wave technology can be used. In addition, various tracking methods may be used in combination.

The position measured by the tracking unit 130 may be defined as spatial coordinates such as coordinates on the X, Y, and Z axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. The attitude measured by the tracking unit 130 may be defined as rotation information such as roll, pitch, and yaw. For accurate tracking of an object, 6 degrees of freedom (6 Degree of Freedom) of the position and posture of the object thus defined can be measured.

According to one embodiment, the tracking unit 130 can track an object by measuring the position and / or posture of a marker attached to the object. For example, after attaching the marker to the surgical tool, the surgical tool may be tracked by the tracking unit 130 measuring the position and / or posture of the marker attached to the surgical tool.

According to one embodiment, the tracking unit 130 may measure the position of the marker using a retroreflector as a marker. According to another embodiment, in order to simultaneously measure the position and attitude of the tracking object, a structure having three or more markers attached thereto may be attached to the tracking object. In this case, a retroreflector may be used as a marker, but any type of marker can be used if the tracking unit 130 is a marker capable of recognizing the position. According to an exemplary embodiment, the geometric positional relationship between three or more markers measured through the tracking unit 130 and the geometric positional relationship between three or more markers stored in advance are compared, .

On the other hand, in order to simplify the marker, only one marker can be used to measure the position and posture of the object to which the marker is attached. 9 is a block diagram showing a marker 910 and a tracking unit 130 that can be utilized in an optical tracking method using one marker according to an embodiment of the present invention. The marker 910 may include at least one pattern portion 911 in which a pattern is implemented and a first lens 912 in which a pattern of the pattern portion 911 can be enlarged and transmitted. The tracking unit 130 may include a second lens 131 and an image forming element 132 that can image the pattern of the pattern unit 911 transmitted from the marker 910 into an image. Two or more tracking units 130 may be used to increase the recognition range of the pattern of the pattern unit 911 or to increase the recognition rate of the pattern and the imaging unit 132 ) May be included.

The pattern formed on the pattern unit 911 may provide information for measuring the position and posture of the marker 910. According to an exemplary embodiment, a pattern formed on the pattern unit 911 may be formed by arranging a plurality of patterns in a predetermined shape and spacing. Using the image formed by forming the pattern, the position and orientation of the marker 910 Can be determined.

According to one embodiment, when all or a part of the pattern embodied in the pattern unit 911 is imaged in the imaging element 132, the controller 140 extracts the size change of the area where the pattern is visible in the imaged image, The position of the marker 810 can be determined based on the position of the marker 810. [ Specifically, when the position of the marker 910 changes, the size of the patterned image is changed. The size change of the pattern can be converted into a position as compared with the diameter and the focal length of the lens 131.

According to another embodiment, the control unit 140 may use the triangulation based on the fact that the positions of all or a part of the pattern in the image formed by the two imaging elements are different from each other, The position can be calculated. According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 can determine the posture of the marker 910 based on the positional change of each pattern region in the pattern. According to one embodiment, the function of the controller 140, which can control the tracking unit 130, may be formed integrally with the tracking unit 130.

The marker 910 may be implemented as an active marker or a passive marker. If the marker 910 is an active marker, the marker 910 may include a light source therein. Therefore, the light source in the marker 910 irradiates the pattern portion 911 with light, and the irradiated light can be transmitted through the pattern formed in the pattern portion 911 or reflected from the pattern. The tracking unit 130 can transmit the pattern or receive the light reflected from the pattern, and can form an image of the pattern of the pattern unit 911. The control unit 140 can track the position and posture of the marker 910 based on the thus formed image.

When the marker 910 is a passive marker, a light source that emits light toward the marker 910 may be disposed outside the marker 910. Therefore, the light source outside the marker 910 irradiates light to the marker 910, and the irradiated light can be transmitted through a pattern formed in the pattern unit 911 or reflected from the pattern. The tracking unit 130 can transmit the pattern or receive the light reflected from the pattern, and can form an image of the pattern of the pattern unit 911. The control unit 140 can track the position and posture of the marker 910 based on the thus formed image. If the operating site is bright enough that the pattern of marker 910 can be clearly recognized at tracking unit 130, marker 910 may be tracked without additional light source.

According to one embodiment, the marker 910 can be implemented such that the focal point of the first lens 912 is formed on the pattern surface of the pattern portion 911. The shape of the pattern surface of the pattern portion 911 may be made to coincide with the shape of the surface of the first lens 912 that is focused on or the focal point of the first lens 912 may be formed so as to correspond to the pattern of the pattern portion 911 The first lens 912 can be designed to be formed on the surface.

 The marker 910 is designed such that the focal point of the first lens 912 is formed on the pattern surface of the pattern portion 911 and the image forming element 132 of the tracking portion 130 is located at the focal length of the second lens 131 The optical system of the marker 910 and the tracking unit 130 can form an infinite optical system. When the marker 910 and the tracking unit 130 form an infinite optical system, the tracking unit 130 can image an enlarged pattern image through the infinite optical system. Therefore, even if the marker 910 is far from the tracking unit 130, the recognition rate of the pattern in the tracking unit 130 can be increased.

The tracking unit 130 can image the pattern transmitted through the second lens 131 using the image-forming element 132. [ The image-forming element 132 is an apparatus for converting image information transferred through light into an electrical signal. Typically, the image-forming element 132 can be implemented using a CMOS image sensor or a CCD. According to one embodiment, the image-forming element 132 can image an image at a position corresponding to the focal length of the second lens 131. [

&Lt; Image pickup unit 120 >

The imaging unit 120 is a device capable of generating imaging data representing an image of the outside of the surgical site. According to one embodiment, the imaging unit 120 may acquire a surface image of the patient 160, or may generate imaging data representative of an image of the surgical site or the entry site (or periphery) of the surgical tool. The imaging unit 120 may be an apparatus capable of generating imaging data representing a two-dimensional image such as a general camera image. However, the imaging unit 120 may generate imaging data representing a three- Device.

According to one embodiment, the imaging unit 120 can generate imaging data representing a three-dimensional image based on a phase shift method using pattern light or the like. For example, image data representing a three-dimensional image can be generated by irradiating the patient with a certain pattern light pattern and processing the photographed images. The pattern light may be a pattern light having a sinusoidal shape such as a grid pattern light, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The irradiated pattern light may vary in intensity of light on the surface of the patient 160 depending on the curvature of the surface of the patient 160 and by generating the phase data therefrom to calculate the height of each point constituting the surface, Imaging data representing a dimensional image may be generated.

According to one embodiment, the imaging section 120 may generate imaging data representing a three-dimensional image in the image processing section included in the imaging section 120. [ According to another embodiment, after the control unit 140 receives the image data acquired by the imaging unit 120, the control unit 140 may process the image data to generate imaging data representing a three-dimensional image.

According to one embodiment, the imaging data generated by the imaging unit 120 may be visually displayed through the user interface 150. [ According to another embodiment, two images can be overlapped using the image registration between the image of the imaging unit represented by the imaging data generated by the imaging unit 120 and another image, and the result is transmitted through the user interface 150 It can be displayed visually. For example, as shown in Fig. 10, the image of the imaging unit with respect to the periphery 1050 of the entrance position 1030 of the surgical tool obtained using the imaging unit 120 and the image of the surgical target 1010 ) Can be used to overlap the image of the imaging unit on the surgical site image.

According to one embodiment, the image registration may be performed using at least a portion of the surgical site that is commonly included in the image of the imaging unit and other images to be matched therewith. According to another embodiment, image acquisition may be performed using the fiducial markers included in the two images, after acquiring the image of the imaging unit and other images to be matched therewith to include the same fiducial markers.

<Control Method of Surgical Robot System 100>

In general, stereotactic surgery is a surgery on a part of the brain that is difficult for the physician to visually identify. Thus, the surgeon can analyze a three-dimensional image of the surgical site or a two-dimensional cross-sectional image of such a three-dimensional image, including a surgical target in the body of a patient 160, such as a CT or MRI image, , It is possible to determine the position at which the surgical tool can safely enter the surgical target. For example, through the user interface 150, when a CT image is displayed, the doctor can determine the location of the surgical target and / or the entry location of the surgical tool by reviewing the CT image, . &Lt; / RTI &gt; The orthopedic surgical section 1 of the present invention can be controlled based on the position of the surgical target input by the doctor and / or the entry position of the surgical tool.

11 shows the result of inputting the position of the surgical target 1110 and the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool into the three-dimensional image of the surgical site. According to one embodiment, a user, such as a doctor, may enter the location 1110 of the surgical target or the entry location 1130 of the surgical tool using a touch screen or the like in the displayed image via the user interface 150. [ According to another embodiment, the user may enter the position 1110 of the surgical target or the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool by typing the coordinate value.

When the position 1110 of the surgical target or the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool is inputted through the user interface as described above, the control unit 140 controls the stereotactic operation unit 1 based on the inputted position 1110 of the surgical target, Can be controlled.

The control unit 140 may move the moving unit 10 of the stereotactic surgical unit 1 in at least one of the three axes based on the input position 1110 of the surgical target . The moving part 10 may be provided with a rotation part 40 for rotating the surgical tool. Therefore, the rotation part 40 can move according to the movement of the moving part 10. [ According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 can move the rotating unit through the moving unit 10 so that the coordinates corresponding to the position of the surgical target is located at the intersection of the two rotation axes of the rotation unit 40.

According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 may determine an entry posture of the surgical tool based on the position 1110 of the surgical target and the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool, which are input by the user. The control unit 140 can rotate the rotation unit 40 with the surgical tool around at least one rotation axis of the two rotation axes so that the surgical tool has the determined entry attitude of the surgical tool.

The stereotactic operation unit 1 may be driven on the basis of the coordinate system of the stereotactic operation unit 1. [ The position 1110 of the surgical target and the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool input through the user interface 150 are not on the coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit 1 but on the coordinate system of the image displayed on the user interface 150. [ Therefore, in order to control the stereotactic surgery unit 1 based on the coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, the position 1110 of the surgical target, which is input based on the coordinate system of the image displayed on the user interface 150, The entry position 1030 should be converted to the position of the stereotactic surgical unit 1 based on the coordinate system.

According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 may receive imaging data ("first imaging data") representing a three-dimensional image such as CT or MRI images previously photographed prior to surgery. The first imaging data may be imaging data relating to a surgical site including a surgical target. The first imaging data may be pre-stored in storage 180 prior to surgery. The control unit 140 may receive imaging data ("second imaging data") representing a three-dimensional image of the outside of the surgical site generated through the imaging unit 120. [ The control unit 140 can generate (i) a first coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data to the second coordinate system of the second imaging data, (ii) The position and posture of the imaging unit 120 can be tracked.

The control unit 140 uses the first coordinate transformation relation and the position and posture of the imaging unit 120 to calculate coordinates for converting coordinates from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data to the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit 1 You can create a transformation relationship.

Hereinafter, this will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. First, the user can input the position 1110 of the surgical target and the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool through the user interface 150. The control unit 140 may convert the position of the surgical target input by the user 1110 and the entrance position of the surgical tool 1130 into coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data.

According to one embodiment, to convert the position of the first imaging data on the first coordinate system 1210 to a position on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data May be converted into coordinates on the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 and coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1. [ (I) a second coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 and (ii) A third coordinate transformation relation for transforming coordinates from the third coordinate system 1220 of the stereotactic surgical section 174 to the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery section 1 may be obtained. Here, the patient marker 174 may be a marker attached to the surgical site of the patient 160 or a marker attached to the patient 160, such as a surgical site fixation unit 90 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, And may be a marker attached to an object that can move together. At least one patient marker 174 may be attached to such an object.

The second coordinate transformation relationship for transforming the coordinates from the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 includes (i) a first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data, (Ii) a position and posture of the imaging unit 120 obtained by using the tracking unit 130, and (ii) a first coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the first coordinate system to the second coordinate system 1240 of the second imaging data have. 13, the coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data correspond to the coordinates on the second coordinate system 1240 of the second imaging data, the coordinates on the second coordinate system 1240 of the imaging unit 120, And the coordinates on the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 are converted into coordinates in the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 Can be converted.

The second imaging data may be generated using the imaging unit 120 before the stereotactic surgery is performed or during the stereotactic operation. According to one embodiment, using the image matching between the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data, the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data, A first coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates to the second coordinate system 1240 may be generated. The image matching between the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data can be performed using at least a part of the surgical site commonly included in both images. According to yet another embodiment, image matching may be performed using the fiducial markers after acquiring first imaging data and second imaging data that includes data relating to the same fiducial markers. Various other known image matching methods may be used to generate the first coordinate transformation relationship.

According to one embodiment, the fourth coordinate transformation relation for transforming coordinates from the second coordinate system 1240 of the second imaging data to the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the imaging unit 120 is (i) the imaging unit 120, (Ii) the second coordinate system of the second imaging data from the second coordinate system 1240 of the imaging unit 120 to the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the imaging unit 120 from the reference coordinate system of the optical system of the imaging unit 120, The coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates into the reference coordinate system of the coordinate system.

The fifth coordinate transformation relation for converting the coordinates from the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the imaging unit 120 to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 is (i) the fifth coordinate system of the imaging unit 120 1250 to the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130 and (ii) coordinates for converting coordinates from the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 to the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130 Lt; / RTI &gt;

At this time, the coordinate conversion relationship for converting the coordinates from the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the imaging unit 120 to the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130 and the coordinate conversion relationship for converting the coordinates of the tracking unit 130 from the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 The coordinate conversion relationship for converting the coordinates into the coordinate system can be generated by using the position and posture of the patient marker 174 and the imaging sub-marker 170 measured using the tracking unit 130. [

The third coordinate transformation relationship for converting the coordinates from the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 to the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgical section 1 is (i) (Ii) the position and posture of the patient marker 174 and the posture of the patient marker 174. At this time, the positions and postures of the respective markers can be measured using the tracking unit 130. Here, the origin of the stereotactic operation unit 1 may be defined as an intersection point of the rotation axes of the stereotactic operation unit 1. [ According to another embodiment, the third coordinate transformation relationship is created through a geometric operation (kinematic operation) using the position where the patient marker 174 is attached and the position of the origin of the stereotactic surgery unit 1 is constant .

As described above, the coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data are arranged in the order of the coordinates on the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 and the coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic operation unit 1 The position 1110 of the surgical target represented by the coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data and the entry position 1130 of the surgical tool are displayed on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1. [ Coordinates. When the patient 160 moves, the coordinate transformation relationships change as described above. Therefore, the patient 160 must be fixed so as not to move. When the patient 160 moves, the control unit 140 acquires the coordinate transformation relations again Should be able to.

According to one embodiment, the orthopedic surgical section 1 of the present invention is controlled based on the position of the surgical target and / or the entry position of the surgical instrument displayed on the two-dimensional sectional image constituting the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data . 14 to 16 are two-dimensional sectional images on the axial plane, the sagittal plane and the coronal plane of the surgical site photographed before surgery, respectively. The controller 140 may extract such a two-dimensional cross-section image from the first imaging data and visualize it to the user through the user interface 150. [

The user can display the positions 1410 and 1412 of the surgical target and the entry positions 1430 and 1432 of the surgical tool on the visualized two-dimensional cross-sectional image through the user interface 150. The control unit 140 controls the position of the surgical target 1410 and 1412 and / or the entry positions 1430 and 1432 of the surgical tool displayed on the sixth coordinate system 1260 of the two- 4 coordinate system 1230, and then the moving unit 10 can be moved according to the position of the converted surgical target. In addition, the control unit 140 may rotate the rotation unit 40 to which the surgical tool is attached so that the surgical tool has the entry posture of the surgical tool determined based on the position of the converted surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool.

12, in order to convert the coordinates displayed on the sixth coordinate system 1260 of the two-dimensional sectional image to the coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, The coordinates on the sixth coordinate system 1260 include (i) coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210 on the first imaging data, (ii) coordinates on the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174, (iii) Respectively, in the order of coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the first camera 1.

The third coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates from the first coordinate system 1210 to the third coordinate system and the third coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates from the third coordinate system to the fourth coordinate system may be determined in advance through the above- Lt; / RTI &gt; Thus, if the user wishes to control the stereotactic surgical section 1 through a two-dimensional cross-sectional image displayed on the user interface 150, it is possible to simply move the first coordinate data of the first imaging data from the sixth coordinate system 1260 of the two- The stereotactic surgery unit 1 can be controlled by generating only the coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates to the coordinate transformation unit 1210. [

According to one embodiment, a two-dimensional cross-sectional image may be generated from the first imaging data, so that a first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data from the sixth coordinate system 1260 of the two- A coordinate transformation relation capable of transforming the coordinates can be generated.

Meanwhile, the control unit 140 needs to grasp the initial position and posture of the surgical tool prior to moving and / or rotating the surgical tool attached to the stereotactic surgical unit 1. According to one embodiment, in order to grasp the position and attitude of the surgical tool, a stereotactic surgery sub-marker 172 is attached to the rotation unit 40 of the stereotactic surgical unit 1 close to the surgical tool, The position and posture of the stereotactic surgery sub-marker 172 can be measured. However, the position and posture of the stereotactic surgery marker 172 are the position and posture of the tracking unit 130 on the coordinate system. The control unit 140 converts the position and posture of the stereotactic surgery marker 172 on the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130 to the position and posture on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, The initial position and posture of the surgical tool can be grasped based on the converted position and posture.

As described above, the control of the stereotactic surgical section 1 of the present invention is performed by the coordinate transformation (coordinate transformation) for transforming coordinates into the coordinate system of the image of the imaging section obtained using the imaging section 120 from the coordinate system of the CT or MRI image, (First coordinate conversion relationship). At this time, this coordinate conversion relation can be simply generated through image matching between these two images. If the patient 160 is inevitably moved during the stereotactic surgery or the surgical site is moved by moving the same structure as the surgical site fixation portion 90 of the stereotactic operation site 1, All can be changed. In this case, the control unit 140 must be able to acquire the coordinate transformation relations described above again. In the case of the present invention, even if such movement occurs during stereotactic surgery, if imaging data is generated again through the imaging unit 120, image matching between the image represented by the imaging data and the CT or MRI image is used to perform stereotactic surgery 1 can be simply regenerated. Therefore, even if there is movement of the patient 160 or the like during the stereotactic surgery, the stereotactic surgery can be resumed within a short time.

In addition, since the position of the surgical robot for stereotactic surgery is not constant and can be moved during surgery, the position of the surgical robot can be accurately determined in order to control the operation of the surgical robot based on the current position of the surgical robot did. To this end, an additional marker has been attached to the base of the surgical robot in the past, and the position of the surgical robot can be grasped using this marker. However, since the orthopedic surgical section 1 of the present invention is fixedly used on the surgical table 110, the positional relationship between the orthopedic surgical section 1 and the surgical site can be maintained constant, The position does not change. Therefore, according to the surgical robot system 100 of the present invention, it is not necessary to grasp the position for control of the stereotactic surgical unit 1, so that it is unnecessary to use additional markers as in the conventional art, .

17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a stereotactic surgery unit that moves and rotates a surgical tool in at least five degrees of freedom in a surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, in step S1710, the control unit may receive the first imaging data representing the three-dimensional image of the surgical site including the surgical target. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the controller 140 may receive from the storage device 180 imaging data representing a three-dimensional image of a surgical site photographed prior to surgery. The first imaging data can be visualized through the user interface 150, thereby being used as data for determining the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool. When the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical instrument are input through the user interface 150, the control unit 140 controls the stereotactic operation unit 1 based on the input position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool can do.

After the control unit 140 receives the first imaging data in step S1710, in step S1720, the imaging unit may generate second imaging data representing a three-dimensional image outside the surgical site. For example, the imaging unit 120 may generate second imaging data representative of a three-dimensional image of the location through which the surgical tool will enter via the skull. According to one embodiment, the second imaging data may be generated by a phase shift method using pattern light or the like.

After the first and second imaging data are prepared through steps S1710 and S1720, in step S1730, the tracking unit may track the position and posture of the imaging unit and at least one marker attached to or close to the surgical site. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the tracking unit 130 can track the position and attitude of the imaging unit 120 by tracking the marker 170 attached to the imaging unit 120. In addition, the tracking unit 130 can track the position and posture of the patient marker 174. Since steps S1710 to S1730 are the steps for the control unit 140 to acquire data for controlling the orthopedic surgical unit 1, the order of the steps may be changed and each step may be performed in parallel.

After the data for control of the stereotactic surgical section 1 is prepared in this way, in step S1740, the control section controls the first coordinate system for converting the coordinates from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data to the second coordinate system of the second imaging data, You can create a transformation relationship. According to one embodiment, the step of generating the first coordinate transformation relation by the control unit 140 may be performed by the control unit 140 (see FIG. 1) through the image matching between the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three- ) May generate a first coordinate transformation relationship. According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 can perform image matching using at least a part of the surgical site commonly included in the three-dimensional image represented by the first imaging data and the three-dimensional image represented by the second imaging data .

After the first coordinate transformation relationship is created in step S1740, in step S1750, the control unit uses the first coordinate transformation relation and the position and posture of the imaging unit and the at least one patient marker to calculate, from the first coordinate system, at least one marker And a third coordinate transformation relationship for transforming the coordinates from the third coordinate system to the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery section. 12, the control unit 140 may include a second coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174, And a third coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 to the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1. [

According to one embodiment, the control unit 140 can generate the second coordinate conversion relationship based on the position and posture of the imaging unit 120. [ 18, in step S1751, based on the position and posture of the image sensing unit, the control unit calculates a fourth coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the second coordinate system to the fifth coordinate system of the image sensing unit, A fifth coordinate transformation relation for transforming the coordinates to the third coordinate system can be generated. 13, the control unit 140 controls the second coordinate system 1240 of the second imaging data from the second coordinate system 1240 of the imaging unit 120 to the fifth coordinate system of the imaging unit 120 (for example, And a fifth coordinate transformation process for transforming coordinates from the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the imaging unit 120 to the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174, You can create a relationship.

According to one embodiment, the fourth coordinate transformation relation includes (i) a coordinate transformation relationship for transforming coordinates from the reference coordinate system of the optical system of the image sensing unit 120 to the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the image sensing unit 120, (ii) a coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the second coordinate system 1240 of the second imaging data to the reference coordinate system of the optical system of the imaging unit 120. [ According to one embodiment, the fifth coordinate conversion relationship includes (i) a coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the fifth coordinate system 1250 of the image sensing unit 120 to the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130, (ii) Can be generated using the coordinate conversion relationship for converting coordinates from the third coordinate system 1220 of the patient marker 174 to the coordinate system of the tracking unit 130. [

When the fourth coordinate transformation relation and the fifth coordinate transformation relation are generated, in step S1752, on the basis of the first coordinate transformation relation, the fourth coordinate transformation relation and the fifth coordinate transformation relation, the control unit 140 sets the second coordinate transformation relation Lt; / RTI &gt; According to one embodiment, such coordinate transformation relationship can be expressed in the form of a coordinate transformation matrix. Therefore, the second coordinate transformation relation can be generated through the calculation using the matrix indicating the generated first coordinate transformation relation, the matrix indicating the fourth coordinate transformation relation, and the matrix indicating the fifth coordinate transformation relation.

According to one embodiment, the third coordinate transformation relationship can be obtained by using (i) the position and orientation of the marker placed at the origin of the stereotactic surgical section 1 and (ii) (Patient markers). According to another embodiment, the third coordinate transformation relationship is created through a geometric operation (kinematic operation) using the position where the patient marker 174 is attached and the position of the origin of the stereotactic surgery unit 1 is constant .

After the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relations are generated as described above, in step S1760, the control unit can control the stereotactic surgery unit using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation. More specifically, the following description will be made with reference to Fig. When the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation are generated through steps S1710 to S1750, the control unit, at step S1761, controls the user to input the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool , The first imaging data can be visualized. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the control unit 140 may visualize first imaging data representative of a three-dimensional image of a surgical site including a surgical target, via a user interface 150.

If the first imaging data is visualized through step S1761, the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool can be input through the user interface 150 and displayed on the visualized image. In step S1762, the control unit may convert the position of the surgical target input by the user and the entry position of the surgical tool into coordinates on the first coordinate system through the user interface. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the controller 140 controls the position of the surgical target and the entrance position of the surgical tool, which the user inputs through the user interface 150, . &Lt; / RTI &gt;

When the position of the surgical target and the entry position of the surgical tool input through the user interface 150 are converted into coordinates on the first coordinate system 1210, in step S1763, the control unit displays the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate system The coordinates on the transformed first coordinate system can be converted into coordinates on the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit using the transformation relation. For example, referring to FIG. 12, the control unit 140 calculates the coordinates of the surgical target on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data and the coordinates of the surgical target on the first coordinate system 1210 using the second coordinate transformation relation and the third coordinate transformation relation. The coordinates of the entry position can be converted into the coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1. [

After the coordinates of the surgical target on the first coordinate system 1210 of the first imaging data and the coordinates of the entrance position of the surgical tool are converted into the coordinates on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1, The control unit can determine the entry posture of the surgical tool based on the coordinates on the transformed fourth coordinate system. For example, the control unit 140 may determine the entry posture of the surgical tool so that the surgical tool can move from the entry position of the surgical tool to the position of the surgical target.

Thereafter, in step S1765, the control unit may move the rotating unit through the moving unit so that the coordinates corresponding to the position of the surgical target on the third coordinate system are located at the intersections of the two rotational axes of the rotating unit. 4 and 5, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the coordinates corresponding to the position of the surgical target on the fourth coordinate system 1230 of the stereotactic surgery unit 1 correspond to the two rotation axes of the rotation unit 40 43, and 45, the rotating unit 40 attached to the moving unit 10 can be moved through the moving unit 10.

Further, in step S1766, the control unit may rotate the surgical tool through the rotating part so that the surgical tool has the determined attitude of the surgical tool. 5, the control unit 140 controls the operation of the surgical tool 50 attached to the rotation unit 40 through the rotation unit 40 so that the surgical tool 50 has an entry attitude of the determined surgical tool 50. For example, Can be rotated. As described above, in the present invention, the control unit 140 can independently control the moving unit 10 and the rotation unit 40, respectively.

Although the method has been described through particular embodiments, the method may also be implemented as computer readable code on a computer readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage, and the like. In addition, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed over network-connected computer systems so that computer readable codes can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the above embodiments can be easily deduced by programmers of the present invention.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with some embodiments thereof, it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as understood by those skilled in the art. something to do. It is also contemplated that such variations and modifications are within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

1: orthopedic surgery part 10: moving part
11: fixed end 12: first direction driver
14: second direction driver 16: third direction driver
40: rotation part 42: first rotation drive part
43: first rotating shaft 44: second rotating driving part
45: second rotating shaft 46: holder
50: surgical tool 70: surgical site support
72: connecting portion 73: connecting member
74: height adjusting portion 75: angle adjusting portion
78: surgical restraint 79: clamping part
90: Surgical site fixing part 92: Lateral surgical site fixing frame
93: longitudinal suture site fixation frame 94: surgical site fixation pin
95: insulating means 110: operating table
120: image pickup unit 130: tracking unit
131: second lens 132: imaging element
140: control unit 150: user interface
170, 172, 174, 910: Marker 911: pattern surface
912: first lens

Claims (1)

Surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery.

Images