KR20170079788A - Apparatus for compensating offset of grid-connected inverter, and grid-connected power conditioning system including the same - Google Patents
Apparatus for compensating offset of grid-connected inverter, and grid-connected power conditioning system including the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170079788A KR20170079788A KR1020150190749A KR20150190749A KR20170079788A KR 20170079788 A KR20170079788 A KR 20170079788A KR 1020150190749 A KR1020150190749 A KR 1020150190749A KR 20150190749 A KR20150190749 A KR 20150190749A KR 20170079788 A KR20170079788 A KR 20170079788A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H02M2001/0012—
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- H02M2001/0025—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The grid-connected power management apparatus according to the present invention, which is capable of compensating for the offset of the grid-connected inverter, is connected to a battery unit including a battery rack composed of one or more batteries. The DC voltage supplied by discharging the battery unit is converted into an AC voltage And controls the power conversion unit to charge or discharge the battery unit in accordance with the charge / discharge command value and the power conversion unit that converts the system voltage of AC supplied from the system into a DC voltage to charge the battery unit Wherein the controller comprises: a signal converter for converting a system voltage supplied from the system or an output current outputted from the inverter to the system into a digital signal; an offset detector for detecting an offset of the digital signal; , And a controller Includes a compensation for compensating for the call, wherein the offset detection unit detects the offset by integrating the digital signal at a predetermined sampling number.
Description
And more particularly, to a technique for compensating an offset of a grid-connected inverter.
The battery energy storage system (BESS), which uses a secondary battery, is used not only for stabilizing the voltage and frequency of the system but also in connection with the renewable energy generation system, such as wind power or solar power, It stores energy, discharges energy stored in the battery when a peak load or a system fault occurs, supplies energy to the load, and attenuates the transient state during system recovery.
A typical battery energy storage system includes a power management device and a battery management device.
The power management system (PCS) supplies power to the system using a battery unit including a plurality of battery racks included in the battery management apparatus, and charges the battery unit using power supplied from the system.
To this end, the power management apparatus includes an inverter that converts DC power provided from the battery management device into AC power and supplies the AC power to the system, converts the AC power supplied from the system into DC power, and supplies the DC power to the battery management device.
Such a grid-connected inverter adjusts the output voltage of the inverter based on the result of sensing the grid voltage, and generates a desired output current through this operation. In order to control the inverter, the inverter controller receives the system voltage, the output current, and the DC voltage, and transmits the target voltage signal to be output to the inverter using these signals.
Conventionally, such a grid interconnected inverter and an inverter controller for controlling the same have the following problems.
1 is a graph showing a conversion result of an ADC for PWM control of an inverter.
2 is a graph showing a relationship between an analog signal and a digital signal that are ideally converted by the ADC.
The inverter controller senses the internal system voltage or output current, converts the voltage / current signal into a signal that can be input to the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) through the sensing board, and outputs this signal to the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter ).
As a result, the inverter controller obtains the result of converting the system voltage or the output current of the analog signal as shown in Fig. 1 (a) into a digital signal as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
In the ideal case, a digital signal corresponding to the analog signal of the system voltage or the output current should be outputted in the corresponding form shown in FIG. 2. However, in the conversion process, noise due to the peripheral circuit, distortion due to the input side impedance, quantization error, An offset error occurs in the converted digital signal.
In particular, in order to control the grid-connected inverter, the offset of the DC component generated in the process of sensing the grid voltage or the output current and converting it into the digital signal is superimposed on the sinusoidal wave having a predetermined period, ; RMS).
In addition, when the inverter is controlled using a synchronous coordinate system that converts an AC signal having a constant frequency to a DC signal, the offset appears as a component having a fundamental frequency on a synchronous coordinate system, which not only degrades the control performance but also causes undesired harmonic current And a direct current.
Therefore, when the target voltage signal for the inverter is generated based on the signal including the offset, the inverter output must be distorted. If the offset is not removed, the increase of the harmonic of the output current, There has been a problem that the temperature of the filter reactor, the grid-connected reactor, or the transformer due to the increase of the temperature is increased.
BACKGROUND ART [0002] Techniques that serve as a background of the present invention are disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2014-0062325 entitled " Current Ripple Compensation Apparatus and Method of an Inverter, "
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve an inverter control performance by eliminating an offset generated in sensing a system voltage and an output current for inverter control.
In order to achieve the above object, a grid-connected power management apparatus according to the present invention is connected to a battery unit constituting a battery rack composed of one or more batteries, converts a DC voltage supplied by discharging the battery unit into an AC voltage, A power converter for converting a system voltage of an AC provided from the system into a DC voltage to charge the battery; And a control unit for controlling the power conversion unit to charge or discharge the battery unit according to a charge / discharge command value, wherein the control unit converts a system voltage supplied from the system or an output current output from the inverter to the system into a digital signal A signal converter for converting the signal into a signal; An offset detector for detecting an offset of the digital signal; And a compensator for compensating the digital signal by reflecting the detected offset, wherein the offset detector detects the offset by integrating the digital signal with a predetermined sampling number.
An apparatus for compensating an offset of a grid-connected inverter according to the present invention includes: a sensing unit for sensing a system voltage of a system connected to an inverter or an output current of the inverter; A signal converter for converting a system voltage or an output current sensed through the sensing unit into a digital signal; An offset detector for detecting an offset of the digital signal; And a compensator for compensating the digital signal by reflecting the detected offset, wherein the offset detector detects the offset by integrating the digital signal with a predetermined sampling number.
The offset compensation method of the grid-connected inverter according to the present invention comprises the steps of sensing a system voltage of a system connected to an inverter or an output current of the inverter; Converting the sensed system voltage or output current into a digital signal; Detecting an offset of the digital signal by integrating the digital signal with a predetermined sampling number; And compensating the digital signal by reflecting the detected offset.
According to the present invention as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the loss occurring in the reactor associated with the inverter of the power management apparatus and to reduce the distortion of the output current by removing the DC component on the AC side generated by the offset.
In addition, according to the present invention, since the offset is removed from the input side of the sensed signal, it is possible to avoid the complexity of designing the controller so as to compensate at the output side and minimize the processing time for performing the algorithm.
In addition, according to the present invention, whether or not the offset is substantially changed and whether or not the compensation using the offset is determined, the compensation is performed only when the predetermined condition is satisfied, thereby preventing unnecessary offset compensation or offset compensation in an unstable state, The processing time can be reduced and the system can be stably maintained.
1 is a graph showing a conversion result of an ADC for PWM control of an inverter.
2 is a graph showing a relationship between an analog signal and a digital signal that are ideally converted by the ADC.
3 is a diagram illustrating an offset compensation apparatus for a grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating a grid-connected power management apparatus including an offset compensation apparatus for a grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
5 is a diagram illustrating a specific procedure of the offset compensation method of the grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
6 is a diagram illustrating a concrete procedure for determining whether or not an offset is changed and whether an offset can be applied in the implementation of the offset compensation method of the grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the output current of the inverter when an offset of 1% occurs in the value obtained by sensing the system voltage.
8 is a graph showing the output current of the inverter when an offset of 1% is generated in the value obtained by sensing the output current.
9 is a graph showing a result of compensating an offset of a grid link inverter according to the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages and features of the present invention and the manner of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Is provided to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.
The first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, but these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another. Therefore, the first component mentioned below may be the second component within the technical spirit of the present invention.
It is to be understood that each of the features of the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined or combined with each other, partially or wholly, technically various interlocking and driving, and that the embodiments may be practiced independently of each other, It is possible.
3 is a diagram illustrating an offset compensation apparatus for a grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
3, the
The
The
3, a sensing board (not shown) may further be included between the
The
Specifically, the system voltage or the output current is outputted as a sinusoidal wave having a drain component of a fundamental wave frequency (60 Hz) and a drain component of a switching frequency, and an offset is superimposed on a system voltage or an output current as a direct current component. The
At this time, the fundamental wave frequency means the commercial frequency of the power component output from the system, and the switching frequency is switched between the target power for output to the system and the on / off timing of the inverter so as to follow the target power output from the system . Therefore, the switching frequency can be set to reflect the performance of the inverter, the control accuracy, and the like.
As described above, in the present invention, a predetermined sampling number is determined and integrated so that a system voltage or an output current component formed by a sinusoidal wave by integration can be removed.
Specifically, the
(Where a is a positive integer such that Nsamp is a positive integer, Te is one period of the fundamental wave period according to the fundamental wave frequency, and Tsamp means a sampling period)
The sampling period is a value indicating how often the digital signal is sampled in converting the analog signal to the digital signal.
Considering that the frequency and the cycle are inversely proportional to each other, in the embodiment of the present invention, a cycle in which a specific frequency component is repeated once is referred to as a cycle in accordance with the frequency. That is, the fundamental wave period according to the fundamental wave frequency means a period in which the fundamental wave frequency component is repeated once.
If Nsamp digital signals are integrated when a multiple Nsamp of the sampling period Tsamp coincides with one period Te of the fundamental wave period according to the fundamental wave frequency as described in Equation 1 The fundamental wave frequency included in the system voltage or the output current and the frequency components having integer multiples of the fundamental wave frequency can all be eliminated.
If a multiple of the sampling period Tsamp does not coincide with one period Te of the fundamental wave period corresponding to the fundamental wave frequency, then a multiple Nsamp of the sampling period Tsamp is multiplied by the basic Nsamp is determined in the same manner as a multiple of the wave period Te and when Nsamp digital signals are integrated, the fundamental wave frequency included in the system voltage or the output current and the frequency components having integer multiples of the fundamental wave frequency are all eliminated .
In addition, as described above, the system voltage or the output current includes a component having a multiple of the fundamental wave frequency and a component having a multiple of the switching frequency, and the switching cycle Tsw corresponding to the sampling period Tsamp and the switching frequency is "Tsamp = 2 * Tsw "or" Tsamp = Tsw ", the component having a multiple of the switching frequency can be removed together when integrated into the above-described sampling number Nsamp. Thus, it can be seen that the switching frequency component need not be considered separately.
The offset
In other words, since the number of samplings capable of removing the sine wave voltage or the output current is determined through Equation (1), only the offset of the DC component can be detected when integrating the digital signal through Equation (2).
In this way, in the embodiment of the present invention, the offset
The offset
The
Also, as the number of samples determined by the offset
Further, the apparatus for compensating an offset of the grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include an offset
The offset
Specifically, the offset
The resolution is a measure of the ability to distinguish the value of a variable from the surrounding values. When an offset is detected below the resolution of the
The offset
Specifically, the offset
In this case, although not shown, the upper control unit may have a configuration such as a PMS (Power Management System) for calculating a power command value for controlling the charge / discharge operation of the battery so as to maintain the power of the system uniformly and delivering it to the power management apparatus .
As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the offset
Therefore, the
Hereinafter, the configuration of the grid-connected power management apparatus including the offset compensation apparatus of the grid-connected inverter as described above with reference to FIG. 4 will be described.
4 is a diagram illustrating a grid-connected power management apparatus including an offset compensation apparatus for a grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
4, the grid-connected
The
In particular, the
The
The
The
The
The
The
Although FIG. 4 illustrates that the
The
The smoothing
If the smoothing
In order to prevent this, the
The
In the embodiment of the present invention, the
For example, the
Also, in the embodiment of the present invention, the
As described above, by applying the
5 is a diagram illustrating a specific procedure of the offset compensation method of the grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
6 is a diagram illustrating a concrete procedure for determining whether or not an offset is changed and whether an offset can be applied in the implementation of the offset compensation method of the grid-connected inverter according to the present invention.
5 and 6, the
Next, the offset
Specifically, the system voltage or the output current is outputted as a sinusoidal wave having a drain component of a fundamental wave frequency (60 Hz) and a drain component of a switching frequency, and an offset is superimposed on a system voltage or an output current as a direct current component. The offset
As described above, in the present invention, a predetermined sampling number is determined and integrated so that a system voltage or an output current component formed by a sinusoidal wave by integration can be removed.
Since a specific equation for determining a predetermined sampling number and integrating the digital signal by the number of sampling is described with reference to Equations (1) and (2), repetitive description will be omitted.
Next, the
In FIG. 5, it is described that the offset is detected and the detected offset is directly reflected to compensate the digital signal. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
Specifically, after the above-described step S400 in the embodiment of the present invention, the offset
That is, when the offset is changed only to the extent that compensation is not required, the offset
At this time, the predetermined size may be set based on the resolution of the
The resolution is a measure of the ability to distinguish the value of a variable from the surrounding values. When an offset is detected below the resolution of the
The offset
That is, when the command of the upper control section for the inverter is not changed or the inverter operates in a normal state after a predetermined time has elapsed after the command of the upper control section is changed, the system is not unstable even if the offset is compensated. ) Judges that compensation is possible when the inverter operates in the normal state.
In step S500, the
6, the step of determining whether the offset has been substantially changed is performed first, and the step of determining whether offset compensation is possible is performed later. However, since the present invention is not limited to this, May be performed first and the step of determining whether the offset has substantially changed may be performed later, and each step may be performed at the same time.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the output current of the inverter when an offset of 1% occurs in the value obtained by sensing the system voltage.
8 is a graph showing the output current of the inverter when an offset of 1% is generated in the value obtained by sensing the output current.
9 is a graph showing a result of compensating an offset of a grid link inverter according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 7, when an offset of 1% occurs in the value obtained by sensing the grid voltage, the inverter is controlled based on the offset, thereby confirming that an offset of about 7% occurs in the output current of the inverter . That is, as the offset occurs in the sensed value, an offset of about 7% occurs in the A-phase current, and an offset of about -7% occurs in the C-phase current.
As shown in FIG. 8, when an offset of 1% occurs in the value obtained by sensing the output current, the inverter is controlled based on the offset, and an offset of about 1% occurs in the output current of the inverter can confirm.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, it can be confirmed that there is no imbalance in the output current of each phase when the offset of the grid-connected inverter is compensated according to the present invention.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, have. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.
20: power management device 100: PCS controller
100a: Offset compensation device of grid-connected
110: sensing unit 120: signal conversion unit
130: Offset detector 140: Offset buffer
150: compensation unit 160: offset change judgment unit
170: Offset application determination unit 200:
210: Switchgear 220: Transformer
230: breaker 240: filter
250: inverter 270: smoothing capacitor
Claims (16)
And a controller for controlling the power conversion unit to charge or discharge the battery unit according to a charge / discharge command value,
The controller comprising:
A signal converter for converting a system voltage supplied from the system or an output current outputted from the inverter to the system into a digital signal;
An offset detector for detecting an offset of the digital signal; And
And a compensator for compensating the digital signal by reflecting the detected offset,
Wherein the offset detecting unit detects the offset by integrating the digital signal with a predetermined sampling number.
Wherein the offset detector is configured to determine the predetermined sampling number such that a multiple of the sampling period for the digital signal coincides with a multiple of the fundamental period of the fundamental wave frequency included in the system voltage or the output current, And the offset is detected by using the offset.
Wherein the offset detector is configured to determine the predetermined number of samples based on one periodic component of the fundamental wave frequency of the system voltage or the output current and a sampling period of the digital signal and to detect the offset using the determined sampling number Wherein said power management device comprises:
The offset detector
Equation
(Where Nsamp is a sampling number,? Is a positive integer such that Nsamp is a positive integer, Te is one period of a fundamental wave frequency, and Tsamp is a sampling period)
(Nsamp) is determined based on the sampling number
Equation
And integrates the digital signal based on the digital signal.
Further comprising an offset change determiner for determining whether the offset is changed based on whether the magnitude of the detected offset exceeds a resolution of the signal converter,
Wherein the offset change determination unit determines that the offset is changed when the size of the offset exceeds the resolution and the compensation unit compensates the digital signal if the offset is determined to be changed through the offset change determination unit Grid - connected power management device.
Further comprising an offset application determination unit for determining whether compensation for the digital signal is possible,
The offset application determining unit may determine that the compensation is not performed when the command of the upper control unit for the inverter is not changed or when the inverter operates in a steady-state after a predetermined time has elapsed after the command of the upper control unit is changed Wherein the compensating unit compensates the digital signal if it is determined that the digital signal can be compensated through the offset application determining unit.
Wherein the change flag is set to 1 when the size of the offset exceeds the resolution of the signal conversion unit,
Wherein the compensation unit checks the offset buffer and compensates the digital signal by reflecting the offset if the change flag is 1. The system of claim 1,
Further comprising an offset buffer in which a stabilization flag indicating whether or not the compensation is to be stored is set, the stabilization flag is set to 1 when the inverter operates in a normal state,
Wherein the compensation unit checks the offset buffer and compensates the digital signal by reflecting the offset if the stabilization flag is 1. The system of claim 1,
A signal converter for converting a system voltage or an output current sensed through the sensing unit into a digital signal;
An offset detector for detecting an offset of the digital signal; And
And a compensator for compensating the digital signal by reflecting the detected offset,
Wherein the offset detector detects the offset by integrating the digital signal with a predetermined number of samples.
Wherein the offset detecting unit determines the predetermined sampling number so that a multiple of the sampling period for the digital signal coincides with a multiple of the fundamental period of the fundamental wave frequency included in the system voltage or the output current. Offset compensation device of inverter.
Wherein the offset detector is configured to determine the predetermined number of samples based on one periodic component of the fundamental wave frequency of the system voltage or the output current and a sampling period of the digital signal and to detect the offset using the determined sampling number Wherein said power management device comprises:
The offset detector
Equation
(Where Nsamp is a sampling number,? Is a positive integer such that Nsamp is a positive integer, T e is one period of a fundamental wave period according to a fundamental wave frequency, and Tsamp means a sampling period)
(Nsamp) is determined based on the sampling number
Equation
And integrates the digital signal based on the digital signal.
Further comprising an offset change determiner for determining whether the offset is changed based on whether the magnitude of the detected offset exceeds a resolution of the signal converter,
Wherein the offset change determination unit determines that the offset is changed when the size of the offset exceeds the resolution and the compensation unit compensates the digital signal if the offset is determined to be changed through the offset change determination unit Offset Compensator for Grid - Linked Inverters.
Further comprising an offset application determination unit for determining whether compensation for the digital signal is possible,
The offset application determining unit may determine that the compensation is not performed when the command of the upper control unit for the inverter is not changed or when the inverter operates in a steady-state after a predetermined time has elapsed after the command of the upper control unit is changed And the compensation unit compensates the digital signal if it is determined that the digital signal can be compensated through the offset application determination unit.
Wherein the change flag is set to 1 when the size of the offset exceeds the resolution of the signal conversion unit,
Wherein the compensation unit checks the offset buffer and compensates the digital signal by reflecting the offset when the change flag is 1. The offset compensator of claim 1,
Further comprising an offset buffer in which a stabilization flag indicating whether or not the compensation is to be stored is set, the stabilization flag is set to 1 when the inverter operates in a normal state,
Wherein the compensation unit checks the offset buffer and compensates the digital signal by reflecting the offset when the stabilization flag is 1. The offset compensator of claim 1,
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